International Journal of Commerce and Finance (IJCF - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Digital Innovation: An Antecedent for Digital Transformation
Get PDFDigital innovation facilitates digital transformation of companies. Companies which conduct digital innovation can have and sustain competitive advantages in the market place. Digital product innovation, digital process innovation and digital business model innovation are major types of digital innovation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the concept of digital innovation, explain its types and focus on its advantages for companies. Digital innovation is using information and communication technology (ICT) to create new and improved products, processes, business models, marketing and organizational methods and network. It has three main types namely digital product innovation, digital process innovation and digital business model innovation. Its advantages can be summarized as reducing costs, improving productivity and relationships with stakeholders, and increasing competitive advantages, market share, sales and profits
Modeling the Disposal of Domestic Drug Waste through Causal Loop Diagram
Get PDFThe ease of access of the sick individuals to the drugs cause an increase in drug con-sumption with the development of the health sector. The incomplete information of the patients about the drug use causes the treatment to be incomplete and the drugs to become waste medicine. Increasing and improper disposal of drugs that are not used at home threatens human health and the environment. There is an urgent need for the correct disposal process for drug waste in homes. In order to prevent the wrong disposal of these drugs, solutions are produced within the scope of reverse logistics and green supply chain activities. The aim of the study is to understand the system structure in the process of disposal of domestic pharmaceutical waste in Istanbul and to establish a mental link between the structure of the system and the behavior obtained as a result of the system. In the study, the processes of reverse logistics activities in the Turkish pharmaceutical industry in do-mestic drug waste were examined and a system dynamics model was created.
Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving and its Trend Analysis in Turkey: A Time Series Outlook
Get PDFSaving is an engine for the growth and prosperity of a nation by creating capital accumulation and financial investments through resource mobilization. Turkey appears in the set of countries that have relatively low domestic saving rates and relatively high current account deficits. This study examined the determinants of Gross Domestic Saving and its trend in Turkey, using time series data (annual) ranging from 1980-2018. Data were collected from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2019 database, World Bank, and Central Bank of Turkey annual reports. The macroeconomic variables used in the model were Gross Domestic Saving rate to GDP ratio (GDS), Inflation Rate (INF), Deposit Interest Rate (DIR), Broad Money Supply to GDP ratio (M2R), Age-Dependency Ratio (ADR), and Growth of Gross National Income Per Capita (GNIPCG). The study has used the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and appropriate diagnostic tests for model specification. The results of the study have shown that the first lag of Gross Domestic Saving, Inflation Rate, Age-Dependency Ratio, and Broad Money Supply to GDP ratio have positive effects, whereas Gross National Income Per Capita Growth and Deposit Interest Rate have negative effects on Gross Domestic Saving rate in Turkey. Only the first Lag of Gross Domestic Saving rate and Deposit Interest rate have statistically significant effects on Gross Domestic Saving in Turkey at a 5 percent level of significance. The rest of all variables have statistically insignificant effects. The overall findings of the study underlined the importance of adopting strict fiscal and monetary policies to regulate inflation and money supply with manageable levels to improve the Gross Domestic Saving rate in Turkey.
Challenges and Prospects of Taxing Informal Economy at Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study explored the challenges and prospects of taxing an informal economy in the developing country conducted with survey data in an ordered logistic regression model. The variables of the study like sizes of the informal economy, institutional quality, growth, presumption taxes, governance, and revenue have statistically significant and also they are related to the taxing of an informal economy withholding positive and negative signs. The sign directions of the variables show that the supporting of taxing of an informal economy and also the consequences impacted on informal economy tax practices and approaches. Taxing of an informal economy would be recommendable and mandatory for mobilizing the domestic revenues, for required tax compliances and improve the bargaining powers of society taxpayers; even though as constraints would be the limited revenue, high cost, and weakened governances and institutional quality. Availing of tax for an informal economy required to supports with technology and skilled human resources to improve the tax systems and to manage costs and meet the expected domestic revenue mobilizations for the expected amounts of government expenditure in each fiscal period
Comprehensive Performance Measurement for Microfinance Institutions in Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study develops comprehensive performance measurement for microfinance institutions which incorporate both financial and nonfinancial metrics using balanced score card approach (BSC). The BSC framework of the study developed using a total of 20 performance indicators categorized under the 4 BSC perspectives (financial, customer, internal business process and learning and growth). The performance measurement model is developed based on reviewed literatures and after the comprehensive performance measurement descriptive model developed, 10 microfinance experts of national bank of Ethiopia (NBE) and association of Ethiopian microfinance institutions (AEMFI) gives weight for each BSC perspective and for each twenty performance indicators. Furthermore since financial performance are commonly measured using ratios and numbers to measure a comprehensive performance and to make financial and non-financial performance parameters comparable the experts asked to develop a bench mark to convert financial performance parameters in to 5 point Likert scales. Finally the study provide a BSC based performance measurement framework that will give a comprehensive view on the financial and non-financial performance.
The Role of Tourism Supporting Facilities in Determining the Inflow of Tourist. In Case of Ethiopia
Get PDFEthiopia has immense tourism potential owing to its natural, historical and cultural, but the country has poorly performing and getting lower economic from the sector and Ethiopian tourism sectorperformances have not yet been studied in details by scholars. However this paper, will identify tourism supporting facilities that determines tourist inflow to the country. Ethiopia has diversified tourism potential, on the contrary poorly performing country in terms of tourist inflows compare to African nations that have relatively less tourism factor resources. To develop the tourism industry, the most important question which is researchable is what supporting tourism facilities arethey the determines inflow of tourists.The study finding identified that the five most important determinants are: peace and stability, regional airports, international advocacy and marketing, access to tourist attractions, and hospitality service werefoster inflow of tourists in Ethiopia. Therefore, to develop the tourism potential and maximizing economic benefits and in the effort to reduce poverty and underdevelopment in Ethiopia giving attention to above aforementioned factor is highly important
Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Central Java
Get PDFEconomic growth is an indicator of the success of the development. Increasing economic growth in Central Java will be realized if the government can implement the right policies. Research on factors that influence economic growth can be used as a reference in making government policies in the economic field. The results of the study using multiple regression in 2008.Q1-2016.Q4 are Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Investment (DI), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Health Index (HI), Education Index (EI), and the Gross Regional Domestic Product previous year (GRDP (-1)) was able to explain economic growth in Central Java by 99.9 percent. FDI and GRDP (-1) have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. HI, negative and significant effect on economic growth. DI, CPI, and EI are not significant for economic growth
Resource Dependence Reduction Strategies for International New Ventures
Get PDFThis study centers around the following research questions: Which partnership strategies do new ventures prefer in their internationalization processes? On which resources do they reduce their dependency through these strategies? With an attempt to answer these questions, face-to-face interviews are conducted with the founding partners of five international new ventures headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey. It was concluded that new ventures reduce their dependencies on critical resources by means of sales partnership agreements and R&D agreements they make in global markets. Through sales partnerships, they reduce their dependencies on human resources, financial resources and network. Through R&D partnerships, they reduce their dependencies on technological knowledge, financial resources and network
The Effect of Audit Committee Characteristics on Earnings Management and its Impact on Firm Value
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of audit committee characteristics on earning management and its impact on Firm Value. The characteristics of the audit committee consist of an audit committee that has expertise in industry and accounting, has expertise in industry and financial supervisors, the number of meetings of the audit committee members, and an independent audit committee. Earning management research is very important to research to provide input regarding the factors that cause companies to mark up earnings and their impact on firm value. This study uses a quantitative method with a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2018. The results show that the expertise of the audit committee in industry and accounting has no effect on earnings management, the expertise of the audit committee in the industry and the financial supervisors has no effect on earnings management. The number of meetings of the audit committee members has no effect on earnings management. The independent audit committee has no effect on earnings management. Earning Management has a significant negative effect on firm value
Are Fiscal Deficits Really Inflationary? An Investigation into Ethiopian Experience
Get PDFEthiopian macroeconomy has been characterized by enormous disequilibria explained by galloping inflation, increasing unemployment, inadequate balance of payments, mounting burden of debt and fluctuating output. Only recently the country’sincome growth is reported to register relatively stable rate, leaving other indicators unsteady. This study establishes long-run relation between budget deficits and inflation while controlling for money supply, owing to the justified links between deficits and money supply especially across developing countries. The study employed time series data with temporal coverage of 1980-2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller has tested nonstationary for all series, but with all stationary at first difference.Engle-Granger (1981) approach tested long-run relation between budget deficits, money supply and inflation. Due to Laney and Willet (1983) the conventional least squares method was adopted to establish long-run relation among the three variables. The long-run results evidencedthat fiscal deficits and money supply have been at the root of galloping inflation in Ethiopia. There is also evidence that, budget deficits have been the root cause of money supply growth in Ethiopia; while giving support to a view that, governments of less developing countries resort to monetize large portion of their deficits.There is need to reform the fiscal aspect of the government, if the mounting rate of deficitshas to be lessened. Budgetary imbalances can be rectified throughenhancementof domestic capital market and setting limits on central bank borrowing. Besides, it could be vital to expandthe tax baseas well asintensify efficiency ofthe existing tax system in the country