International Journal of Commerce and Finance (IJCF - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Reverse Culture Shock among International Business Administration Exchange Students
Get PDFReverse Culture Shock (RCS) is concerned with the readaptation process to the home country the expats go through upon their return after leaving the host country. The purpose of this research is to understand whether the respondents faced reverse culture shock upon reentry and to establish the relationship between RCS and demographic factors of the respondents. A cross-sectional survey design is used to fulfill the objectives of the study. Primary data was collected from 136 respondents by completing an online questionnaire adopted from (Austin, 1986; Church, 1982; Freedman, 1986; Koester,1985; Martin,1984; Sussman, 1986; Uehara, 1986). The data is analyzed by the use of SPSS 25 using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that the Business Administration/ MBA international students who participated in exchange programs and went back home differ significantly in their RCS regarding their education level. However, they do not differ significantly in their RCS in terms of gender, age, length of trip, and time since returning home
Impact of Covid-19 on The Moroccan Stock Market: Application of The GARCH/EGARCH Approach
Get PDFUsing daily data, this paper applies generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (garch) and exponential garch (egarch) approach to examine the effect of the current covid-19 pandemic crisis on the moroccan stock market from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2020. More specifically, we will conduct a comparative study analyzing the volatility and leverage effect of stock market returns of the moroccan all shares index (masi), an index representative of the casablanca stock market, before and during the period of covid-19. The data used in this study are daily values of the evolution of the masi index. Our selected empirical results indicate that there is a negative effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the moroccan stock market
The Relationship between Financial Statements Disaggregation and Audit Fees
Get PDFThis paper studies the relationship between financial statements disaggregation and audit fees. Financial statements disaggregation is about detailed disclosure of information and is based on the better quality of finer information. To measure this characteristic, native standards and resources (from Iran) were used. Our method of measurement is based on Chen et al.’s (2015) approach, but with a basis of local resources. Providing more detailed information in the financial statements can affect the auditors’ judgment regarding audit scope, which can affect their demanded fee. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between financial statements disaggregation and audit fees
Comparative Analysis of The Effect of Loan/Financing to Deposit Ratio, Labor Costs Growth and Promotion Costs Growth to Returns on Assets in Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Indonesia
Get PDFThe banking industry is the locomotive of economic growth in a country. Therefore, the performance of the banking industry must be the focus of all stakeholders. This study compares the factors that influence the performance represented by the Return on Asset (ROA) ratio in both the Islamic banking industry and the conventional banking industry. The factors that affect the ROA used in this study are the distribution of financing (FDR/LDR), growth in labor costs, and growth in promotion costs. The method used in this research is quantitative by usinga panel data regression test. The data used are primary data from Islamic banks and conventional banks for four years, namely in the 2014-2018 period. Moreover, the research questions are: (i) Are there differences in FDR's effect on ROA between Islamic banks and conventional banks?; (ii) Are there differences in the effect of growth in labor costs on ROA between Islamic and conventional banks?; (iii) Are there differences in the influence of the growth in promotion costs on ROA promotion between Islamic banks and conventional banks? The results of the study show that the distribution of financing (FDR) to Islamic banks and conventional banks positively and significantly affects ROA. The growth of labor costs in Islamic banks and conventional banks has a negative and significant effect on ROA. At the same time, the growth in promotion costs between Islamic banks and conventional banks is different. Promotion cost growth in Islamic banks has a negative and significant effect on ROA growth. However, in conventional banks, the growth in promotion costs has a positive and significant effect on ROA
Global or Local Strategies? McDonald’s Turkey Example
Get PDF This study aims to explore how a global franchisor applies global and local strategies in its Turkish franchisees. McDonald’s is a global franchisor which has a distribution licence agreement with Anadolu Group in Turkey. The effect of the agreement is discussed interms of global and local strategies in the fields of Supply Chain Management, Operations Management, Marketing Management, Finance Management, and Human Resources Management. In dept interviews were conducted with functional managers of McDonald’s Turkey to find out the approach of the company. According to the findings of the in depth interviews, it is found out that the company applies both global and local strategies in Turkey for decreasing its costs, increasing its efficiency and alligning its strategies with its headquater. However, it focuses on local strategies more than global strategies due to the effect of its local distribution licencee Anadolu Group
Impact of Fiscal Policy on Development Financing: Evidence from Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the relationship between fiscal policy and development financing in Nigeria and the extent to which the former effects the latter. The study employed public choice framework and the model is estimated with time-series data from 1981 to 2014, using the Johansen estimation technique. The findings revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between fiscal policy and development financing, real GDP per capital, consumer price index and capital expenditure respectively. The results further confirmed that more expenses were incurred funding recurrent than capital and this had taken its toll on development. The study recommended that government should increase revenue base so as to fund capital expenditure in order to achieve sustainable development while it is also necessary to reduce recurrent expenditures and domestic debt
The Effect of Banking Sector Efficiency on the Economic Development in West Africa
Get PDFThe primary goal of this research is to analyze whether the financial efficiency of the banking sector in the Economic Community of West African States region estimated by financial indicators as Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Income (NIM) affects the economic development measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The choice of these profitability and rentability variables is inspired by the World Bank’s indicators of financial institutions efficiency at country level. This research investigated the impact of banking sector efficiency on the economic development in country members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) from 2010 to 2019. This study uses quantitative methodology in order to attain the main objective. The research proposes to develop a methodology, through theoretical study as well as making use of related literatures, which can be used in determining the impact of banking sector performance and economic development in West African region. The required data can be classified into two main categories: the factors that determine bank efficiency, and the economic indicator that explains growth in the region. The goal is to analyze whether the financial efficiency of banks lead to growth in the economies of countries. In our model, the banking sector efficiency measured by financial indicators as ROA, ROE, and NIM indicates the explanatory variables while annual growth rate of GDP for economic development measures the predicted variable. The model uses Panel Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to test the hypothesis from EVIEWS software. The result of our survey suggests that among all the explanatory variables only the return on asset (ROA) has statistically significant influence on the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate meaning that the banking sector financial performance measured by ROA has significant impact on the economic growth in West Africa. The research shows that the main actors in banking sector and authorities should focus on the efficiency of banking system in order to drive a sustainable economic growth. In addition, this research obviously provides some important information to researchers, governments, financial analysts, banking policy makers and supervisory authoritie
The Effect of Taxation on The Gross Turnover of SME's in Uganda
No full textThis study was undertaken to assess the relationship between tax liability and gross turnover of small and medium enterprises over a period from 2002 to 2018 in Uganda. It aimed to determine the relationship between taxation and gross turnover of small and medium enterprises, as well as economic growth. The specific objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of tax rates on the gross turnover of small and medium enterprises. Primary data was obtained from respondents inform of surveys while the secondary data, tax liability and gross turnover, was collected from Uganda's revenue authority sources. The study adopted the Granger causality test, unit root test, and stability test and the following findings were determined: first, taxation negatively affects the gross turnover of SMEs.The outcome of the Granger causality test indicates that there is a statically significant negative relationship from taxation to gross turnover by 0.0372 at a 95% significance level. Second, there is a negative relationship between taxation and gross turnover which hurts the growth of the economy. This means an increase in taxation causes a decrease in economic growth. The study concluded that the effect of taxation on the gross turnover of SMEs is due to high rates of tax on one hand and taxpayers who don't know their tax obligation on the other hand. The study provides evidence that help policy makers and the state to balance the requirements and the objective of SMEs for profit and growth. There is a need for tax restructuring, as well as tax education to taxpayers
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Self-Efficacy
Get PDFThis study was written to contribute to the literature regarding the relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy. Mindfulness is a way of directing attention that is rooted in the Eastern meditation tradition. It has started to be discussed and applied more and more in Western culture. It is aimed to direct the mind's attention with a specific method in mindfulness meditation. On the other hand, Self-efficacy as the sub dimension of positive psychological capital focuses on the belief that a person will perform successfully in a specific area. Self efficancy considers the feeling of believing individual's self and abilities in a work or a situation. In this regard, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy by conducting a literature review regarding those two concepts. As a result of the research, it is concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between mindfulness and self-efficacy
The Effect of the Employee Motivatıon on the Employee Performance in Banks in Somalia
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of employee motivation on the employee performance in banks in Somalia. The article uses a quantitative survey method to empirically analyze the data collected by the questionnaire. The data was collected from 365 employees and managers who work in several Somalian banks in different cities in Somalia. The Employee Motivation Scale developed by Gagné et al. (2010, pp. 641-642) has 12 items and was taken from Zengin (2019, pp. 22-23) and The Job Performance Scale developed by Goodman and Svyantek (1999, p. 261) has 25 items were used in the study. Frequency distribution analysis, reliability analysis, factor analyses, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to the data. According to the results of the analysis, the employee motivation affects the employee performance in banks in Somalia