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Between Vision and Reality: The Painter’s Interpretation of the World
No full textThis paper explores the complex relationship between the artist’s inner vision and the external reality that painting seeks to represent. As a form of both aesthetic and spiritual reflection, painting unites imagination and perception in the creation of the image. Through the analysis of contemporary approaches, the study examines how painters give form to reality not by reproducing it, but by reshaping it through personal experience, memory, and emotion. Each artwork thus becomes a unique interpretation of the world, where the boundary between vision and reality turns fluid and poetic. In this sense, painting remains a free space of dialogue between the external and internal dimensions of human existence
Self-Presentation and Re-Invention of the Self through Digital Media
No full textThe digital age is characterized by constant and dynamic connectivity through usergenerated content, often blurring boundaries between the private and public self. As individuals increasingly engage in this vast network of digital media, identity becomes both hyper-visible and continuously shaped by the new factors of the culture of the digital world, such as algorithmic structures and social feedback. This paper explores how individuals construct and transform their identities through digital platforms, and how such self-representations challenge traditional notions of a stable, coherent self. By drawing on theoretical frameworks from sociology, media studies, and psychology, the paper seeks to analyze the fluid nature of identity in the digital age, highlighting both the empowering possibilities and the limitations posed by digital self-representation. It specifically focuses on how digital media influences self-presentation and re-invention of the self among younger users immersed in online environments. It contributes to a deeper understanding of digital subjectivity and offers insight into how technological mediation reshapes the boundaries of the self in contemporary culture. The findings aim to foster greater digital self-awareness and critical reflection, especially among youth navigating identity formation in an increasingly mediated world
The Reuse of Treated Wastewater
No full textThe reuse of treated wastewater represents a sustainable solution for reducing environmental and economic pressures in regions with high industrial activity. This paper presents a concept for the reuse of effluents from the planned Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), which will primarily serve the municipalities of Fushë Kosovë and Obiliq. These areas host the “Kosovo A” and “Kosovo B” thermal power plants, along with numerous businesses and industries, making them among the most polluted zones in Kosovo. The projected reuse potential is approximately 16.7 million m³/year, with several applications: irrigation of 320 ha of agricultural land (about 1.06 million m³/year), provision of technical water for thermal power plants in emergency cases (0.8 m³/s), supply for industrial and public services, maintenance of green areas and street cleaning (0.1–0.3 m³/s), and groundwater recharge at the Kroni (Kuzmin) field of wells during drought periods (0.12–0.15 m³/s), which secures water for Prishtina and Fushë Kosovë. The technical concept foresees a pumping station with a capacity of up to 0.7 m³/s and a head of 60 m, conveying water to a sedimentation pond of 500,000 m³ at an elevation of 582 m.a.s.l. From this point, distribution to end-users is ensured by gravity, eliminating the need for additional pumping. The reuse of treated wastewater would bring significant environmental and economic benefits in the most polluted areas of Kosovo, where water demand is also among the highest
Implementation of the Road Tax Payment System in Kosovo: A Focus on Highways R6 and R7
No full textThis paper analyzes the need for an advanced and sustainable road user payment system in Kosovo, with a particular focus on its role in financing the maintenance, development, and expansion of national road infrastructure. Road tolling is recognized as a key instrument for traffic management and road safety, providing a stable and transparent source of revenue for the relevant authorities. The study explores the integration of modern technologies, such as electronic payment systems, automated number plate recognition (ANPR), and sensorbased vehicle monitoring, to enable efficient, accurate, and transparent toll collection. A central focus is the potential integration of the toll system with existing traffic management infrastructure and road safety systems mechanisms, as well as its alignment with broader sustainable transport policies. By concentrating on the R6 and R7 highways, the study offers a practical framework for phased implementation and highlights the system’s potential impact on infrastructure quality, traffic regulation, and citizens\u27 quality of life. Despite expected implementation challenges, the findings suggest that a well-designed tolling system could significantly contribute to the sustainable development of Kosovo’s transport sector and enhance efficiency within the road infrastructure domain
The Role of Mathematical Functions in Cryptography: A Case Study of Caesar Encryption
No full textThe role of mathematics in cryptography is fundamental, as it provides the theoretical foundation for securing digital information and ensuring confidentiality in communication. One of the earliest and simplest encryption techniques, Caesar encryption, demonstrates the direct application of mathematical functions in cryptographic processes. At its core, Caesar encryption operates as a shift function applied to the domain of alphabetic characters, where each letter is mapped to another by a fixed numerical offset. This functional mapping not only illustrates the concept of bijective functions but also highlights the importance of modular arithmetic in preserving the cyclical nature of alphabets. By modeling encryption and decryption as inverse functions, mathematics ensures that the original message can be retrieved with precision when the correct key is applied. Although Caesar encryption is relatively weak against modern cryptographic attacks, it serves as an educational model that bridges mathematical theory with practical applications. Its simplicity allows for a clear understanding of how mathematical structures such as functions, domains, and modular systems underpin more advanced encryption algorithms. Exploring Caesar encryption through the lens of mathematical functions provides valuable insight into the evolution of cryptography and emphasizes the enduring importance of mathematics in safeguarding digital communication
Analysis of Cyber Risk Awareness Through Classification Algorithms
No full textExposure to cyber risks has increased significantly with the development of technology. Sophisticated attacks such as phishing, ransomware, malware, and credential misuse represent serious threats, while the limited awareness of technology users makes them highly vulnerable. This thesis develops along two parallel dimensions: assessing the level of cyber risk awareness among the citizens of Prizren and analyzing the potential offered by classification algorithms in preventing cyber-attacks. Data on citizens’ knowledge, practices, and perceptions of cybersecurity were collected through a questionnaire. The analysis of results revealed an acceptable level of awareness regarding the general concept of cyber risk; however, knowledge about specific threats was found to be limited. The thesis is divided into six chapters, including a literature review and methodology. In the technical part, the study examines the use of classification algorithms in ma-chine learning – including logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, and neural networks – with a special focus on XGBoost. This algorithm, known for its accuracy and flexibility, was used to automatically classify open-ended questionnaire responses, demonstrating its ability to categorize textual data into categories such as suggestions, issues, or lack of response. The results showed high accuracy and efficiency, making XGBoost a very reliable tool for practical and educational analyses. The final findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced classification algorithms into educational and protective systems. This thesis contributes to the scientific literature by combining empirical analysis with modern machine learning methods, providing a foundation for developing more effective strategies to tackle contemporary cyber challenges
Immediate Implant Loading in the Esthetic Zone with Final Prosthetic Restoration
No full textThe extraction of teeth in the anterior maxilla is frequently associated with rapid alveolar bone resorption, soft tissue collapse, and loss of interdental papillae, which can compromise esthetic outcomes and complicate subsequent rehabilitation. These changes often make it more difficult to place implants later and may require additional procedures such as bone grafts and guided bone regeneration (GBR) to rebuild lost bone and support the final restoration. Delayed implant placement in such cases can be more complex, involving longer healing times, more surgeries, and increased costs. In contrast, immediate implant placement and loading in the anterior maxilla has become a reliable and effective approach to reduce these problems and improve treatment outcomes. When an implant is placed right after tooth extraction and achieves good primary stability, a screw-retained temporary crown can be added at the same time. This helps preserve the natural shape of the gums, maintain the height of the papillae, and guide the healing of soft tissues to create a natural-looking emergence profile. Immediate placement also shortens treatment time, reduces the need for multiple surgeries, and helps maintain the patient’s appearance during the healing phase. Once the implant has fully integrated with the bone (osseointegration), a final crown is placed to restore proper function, esthetics, and long-term soft tissue health. Immediate implant protocols in the esthetic zone therefore represent a modern and efficient solution in implant dentistry. By preserving the existing bone and soft tissue, they help avoid additional grafting procedures, maintain natural gum contours, and provide excellent esthetic and functional results. This approach is especially valuable in the anterior maxilla, where visual outcomes are critical and patient expectations are high
Cogeneration of energy
No full textCogeneration is the process of producing electricity and thermal energy at the same time. Generating energy through this process means using only one energy source, which results in higher energy efficiency. In the energy crisis the world is facing, cogeneration is being considered as a promising alternative for reducing environmental pollution, increasing energy security, supporting the energy transition and economic stability. This paper will describe the cogeneration process and its role in the energy sector, how cogeneration affects energy efficiency and what are the main benefits of this process
Assessing the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron in Kosovo, through blood iron measurement
No full textFood fortification is a key public health strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia. In Kosovo, wheat flour, a staple food, has been fortified with iron and folic acid following the implementation of Law No. 04/L-114 in 2012, which made flour fortification mandatory. Despite this initiative, limited data exist on its effectiveness in improving iron and ferritin levels in the population or reducing anemia cases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of flour fortification with iron on the population of Kosovo by analyzing blood iron and ferritin levels, as well as the prevalence of anemia, before and after the enforcement of the law. Data were obtained from the Biochemistry and Hematology Clinics, complemented by a survey assessing public awareness about flour fortification. The results indicate a notable increase in average blood iron levels following the introduction of fortified flour, along with observable variations in anemia prevalence across age and gender groups. However, public awareness regarding the fortification program remains low. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the national flour fortification policy in improving iron status while emphasizing the need for enhanced public education and continuous monitoring
The influence of concentration and types of nitrogen fertilizers on growth parameters and yield of greenhouse spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivation
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer concentration and type on the growth and production of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivated in protected environments (greenhouses). The scheme of the experiment was that of split plots. Nitrogen dose is considered the main factor in the scheme (3 main plots, respectively 60, 80, and 120 kg N Ha-1), while in the secondary plots, different forms of commercial nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea) are considered, which are applied in quantities that provide the same planned amount of nitrogen. The collected data were biometric (individual weight of plants, dry weight of above-ground mass, number of leaves, leaf surface) and quantitative (harvest production for each experimental unit). Regarding the results, variant C2 (11.029 kg/var) had the best yield compared to other variants, and the B1 variant (7.460 kg/var) had the lowest yield compared to other variants. The average weight of spinach plants is higher in plants of variant C2 (78.714 g/plant) compared to other variants, while there were no significant differences in other variants. The number of leaves and the surface of the leaves did not have any significant differences between the variants. As for the dry matter content, variants A1, A2, and C2 had significant differences compared to variants B1, B2, and C1