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Targeted Therapies and Molecular Advances in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Epidemiology, Genetics, and Future Directions
No full textPediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL) remains the most common childhood malignancy, comprising approximately 30% of all pediatric cancers and demonstrating remarkable heterogeneity in disease biology and treatment response. Advances in risk stratification, driven by cytogenetic and genomic profiling—including identification of aneuploidy, chromosomal translocations, and key mutations—have enabled substantial improvements in cure rates, now reaching 80-90% in developed settings. This review synthesizes current epidemiological trends, known genetic drivers such as PAX5, IKZF1, and TP53, and the implementation of precision medicine approaches. Special considerations are given to high-risk subgroups (Down syndrome–associated ALL and relapsed/refractory cases), the impact of pharmacogenetics on therapy personalization, and recent developments in targeted agents, immunotherapies, and CAR T-cell platforms. Ongoing hurdles in global access and therapy-related toxicity in vulnerable cohorts are discussed, highlighting future strategies to further optimize supportive care and therapeutic efficacy
Smart Tourism Cities
No full textTourism as an economic industry is developing more and more in every aspect, in recent years we have had innovative developments that have influenced some cities to become intelligent tourist cities. These cities use technology that enables easier operation and management by utilizing sustainable tourist resources. Within this paper we will present the digital opportunities and innovative strategies that a smart tourist city uses, their impacts during development and ways of use. The innovative systems used by smart tourist cities include different types of digital applications that help tourists access easier, direct payments, and various faster information. In the future, it is expected that most tourist cities will apply or transform into smart tourist cities. Within the paper, we will also present strategies that enable innovative development and their impact on tourist cities. From all this, we can conclude that digitalization creates better opportunities and easier functioning of many factors that influence the development of tourist cities
Forest Loss or Stability? A Binary Analysis of Land Cover in Ferizaj (1985–2025)
No full textMonitoring land cover change over time is crucial for understanding environmental transformations and planning sustainable land use. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of mountainous areas in the Ferizaj region of Kosovo from 1985 to 2025. A binary classification method is applied to distinguish between forest and non-forest areas using satellite imagery and the Random Forest classifier in the Google Earth Engine platform. The focus is on detecting long-term trends related to forest degradation or stability. This research contributes to the development of scalable methodologies for land cover monitoring and provides a foundation for future environmental assessments in mountainous regions
Engaging Communities in ESG Integration: Narratives and Practices for Sustainable Accounting in Financial Reporting
No full textThe integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into financial reporting has become a critical aspect of corporate accountability and transparency. Traditionally, financial reporting has focused primarily on economic performance, but sustainable accounting broadens this perspective by incorporating ESG considerations. This paper explores how ESG-driven financial reporting shapes corporate sustainability efforts and stakeholder engagement. A key focus is the role of ESG narratives in influencing stakeholder perceptions, promoting ethical decision-making, and fostering sustainable business models. Companies increasingly adopt transdisciplinary approaches to integrate ESG factors, yet challenges persist in standardizing reporting frameworks and ensuring regulatory compliance. Accountants, once viewed primarily as financial record-keepers, are now strategic advisors in interpreting ESG data and guiding corporate sustainability initiatives. This study investigates best practices in ESG reporting and its impact on financial performance, offering insights into how businesses navigate regulatory pressures and investor expectations. A comprehensive ESG reporting framework can bridge the gap between corporate actions and sustainable development goals, enabling companies to create long-term value while addressing environmental and societal concerns
Review of Evolution of the Role of the Real Estate Broker at the Global Market, Professionalism, Post-Pandemic Changes During the Period (2020-2025)
No full textWhile the history of origin of real estate brokers is quite difficult to trace considering that this modern business has now consolidated its position in society. As real estate business transactions in society are now becoming increasingly complex, especially involving members of the public, therefore, it is required the real estate brokers to be provided with more specialized knowledges, even though the research in the field of agency/brokerage remains fragmented. This paper aims to explore the evolution of real estate brokers at the global level during the period 2020-2025. The research is based on a semi-structured literature review. Several research questions have been formulated. This paper also provides a systematic review to identify aspects of how the real estate market has been affected by COVID-19 and to understand how the dynamics of the real estate market have changed. Five steps have been structured, starting from the formulation of research questions to an analysis and discussion of selected papers. 102 research papers published in the period between the second half of 20202023, mainly taken from Scopus and Google Scholar, were reviewed and examined. The findings reveal that the housing market has been analyzed the most, especially after the pandemic, respectively between 2021 and 2022 and from a scientific perspective has been the most fruitful and studied in the USA, where it shows that American authors have been more active on this topic, while the most published type of research papers have been articles. The findings so far have identified a trend of increasing interest in this topic, although this discipline still remains fragmented
Digitalization and International Marketing: How E-Commerce is Reshaping Global Trade
No full textOver the last 10 years, the digitization of trade and interaction with customers globally has transformed how companies operate. Small and medium businesses have gained new competitive advantages from online platforms and digital marketing tools to enter global markets more quickly and at lower cost. This paper investigates how e-commerce is transforming global trading patterns and the key barriers which SMEs are encountering when expanding outside domestic markets. Digital plays enable growth but also open doors to new challenges such as cultural adaptation, efficient logistics and international trade regulations This study suggests that enduring international e-commerce success is based upon the successful application of digital technologies, combined with nurturing robust and sustainable marketing strategies. Through the examination of these dynamics, the paper will discuss how key competitive dimensions like innovation, adaptability and sustainability are critical in order to compete today, when a trade environment is intensely entwined
Project Cycle Management in NGOs: Challenges and Best Practices
No full textProject Cycle Management (PCM) in non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is a complex process often accompanied by challenges such as insufficient funding, limited human resources, and difficulties in measuring project impact. The aim of this study is to examine the most common obstacles faced by NGOs in managing projects and to identify effective practices that contribute to better outcomes. The research employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire distributed to seven NGOs operating in Kosovo. The questionnaire primarily included open-ended questions designed to capture insights into the main phases of the project cycle: identification, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The findings highlight several recurring challenges, including the lack of continuous staff training, the absence of systematic monitoring and evaluation tools, and uncertainty in securing long-term funding. Some organizations also noted the influence of international factors, such as reductions in donor funding during the Trump administration. Despite these obstacles, successful practices were identified, notably the active involvement of beneficiaries in project planning, the clear division of staff responsibilities, and the use of internal monitoring and evaluation (M&E) mechanisms. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of effective project management within NGOs and provides practical recommendations to enhance their efficiency and sustainability in society
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Business Managers’ DecisionMaking Processes
No full textIn the era of digital transformation, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming one of the most powerful tools for effective business management. This paper aims to analyze the impact of AI technologies on managerial decision-making, emphasizing how intelligent systems assist in data analysis, market trend forecasting, and business strategy optimization. Through a theoretical and comparative research approach, the study examines the benefits and challenges faced by managers when integrating AI into their decision-making processes. The results indicate that AI contributes to increased operational efficiency, cost reduction, and improved quality of strategic decisions. However, the lack of technological literacy and ethical challenges remain barriers to the full adoption of AI in Albanian and regional businesses. The study highlights the importance of digital education for managers and the development of an organizational culture that fosters technological innovation as an essential element of modern management
The energy future of Kosovo, why it is difficult to give up coal
No full textEnergy and mining have constantly been highlighted as sectors with great potential for the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo, as a small country in Southeast Europe, faces significant challenges in transitioning from a coal-dependent energy system to a more sustainable and diversified energy portfolio. Kosovo has a significant number of natural resources that is not managing to find the best use of these resources; therefore, a new and more dynamic approach is needed to change this trend. The main role of electrical energy systems is to enable safe, reliable and qualitative supply of electricity to all consumers. In this aspect, generation as a fundamental part of the electric power system is of great importance. Interruptions in electricity supply to consumers in most cases are caused by the deficit of generating capacities. Ensuring stable, quality, safe and uninterrupted supply of electricity is one of the main conditions for the development of a country, all this is achieved based on stable generating capacities. Kosovo\u27s challenge to move away from coal is not simply an energy issue, it is a reflection of deeper economic, social and political dynamics. Understanding these complexities is essential to designing effective policies that support a sustainable energy future by addressing the legitimate concerns of all stakeholders involved. In this study, we will analyze Kosovo\u27s natural resources for electricity production and the possibilities of incorporating renewable sources. So, the objective of this study is to emphasize the importance of diversifying electricity production in order to increase security of supply with electricity and at the same time meeting pan-European standards on carbon emissions and air quality, which means less electricity from coal. By identifying structural barriers and proposing actionable solutions, this study aims to contribute to the discourse on Kosovo\u27s energy future, emphasizing the need for a balanced and comprehensive energy transition that respects the socio-economic realities of the country by advancing towards an energy system more stable
Ways of acquiring ownership according to legislation in the Republic of Kosovo
No full textThe Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo considers the right of ownership as a constitutional category, which means that the Law on Property and Other Property Rights of Kosovo regulates the way of gaining and losing ownership, but in our case we will discuss only the ways of her profit in real estate. According to Article 18, paragraph 1 of the Law on Property and Other Property Rights of Kosovo, property is defined as follows: Ownership is the complete right to an object. The owner can dispose of the thing according to his wish, especially to possess and use it, to dispose of it and to exclude others from any influence, if it is not opposed by the law or by the rights of a third party . Since ownership is the factual power over the thing, to acquire it you must have legal facts which the objective right recognizes as the basis of the legal power of ownership.Roman law recognizes two ways of acquiring ownership: the Original Way and the Derivative Way, while the right of ownership in Kosovo; considers the basis of legal work, the inheritance, the legal basis and the basis of the decision of the state body as ways of acquiring the right to property, even though the Law on Property and Other Property Rights does not provide for it, it counts the legal titles of acquiring ownership as following: Earnings with a winning forecast, Earnings based on valid legal work and other titles that we will discuss in the following chapters