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Leadership and Institutional Change and Their Impact on the Curriculum
No full textEducational institutions need visionary leaders who can handle complex institutional changes because global educational systems keep evolving. The research investigates how leadership methods affect educational program development and institutional transformation through their influence on educational program structure and direction and their ability to maintain program relevance in the twenty-first century. Academic institutions face rapid changes in their environment because of technological progress and global trends and student requirements so leadership stands as the essential power for creating lasting educational transformations and updated curricula. The research bases its understanding of institutional change through transformational and distributed leadership theories which show that successful change requires policy and pedagogical and cultural alignment for achieving innovation and quality assurance goals. The research uses qualitative case studies of academic leaders and faculty members and policymakers from Albanian higher education institutions to study how leadership vision affects curriculum modernization. The research shows that successful leadership involves inclusive practices and open communication and flexibility which enables stakeholders to work together while developing a reflective learning environment. Educational institutions under transformative leadership adopt twenty-first-century competencies and digital competencies and intercultural competencies to create curricula that stay relevant and adaptable for future needs
The Role of Coal in the Implementation of the Green Transition Agenda in Kosovo
No full textThe recent global energy crisis—fueled by geopolitical tensions, increased energy demand, and persistent dependence on fossil fuels—has highlighted the fragility of current energy systems and the urgent need for a sustainable transformation. High and inefficient energy consumption, closely linked to industrial growth and urban development, continues to undermine ecological balance and accelerate climate change. While technological progress has improved access to renewable sources and advanced energy systems, it has not yet reached the scale or pace required to fully counteract the environmental consequences of unsustainable practices. In response, the European Union has placed the Green Transition and full Decarbonization at the core of its climate and energy policies, aiming to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. However, recent crises—including price volatility, supply chain disruptions, and regional conflicts—have led to a temporary delay in parts of the agenda, necessitating revised implementation timelines and more resilient strategies. This paper explores the implications of the global energy crisis on energy transition policies, with a special focus on developing countries. The Republic of Kosovo is analyzed as a case study, based on its Energy Strategy 2022–2031, which outlines commitments to align with EU objectives, phase out coal dependence, and promote renewable energy integration. The study assesses institutional readiness, technological infrastructure, and socio-economic constraints, and concludes with recommendations to strengthen energy security while accelerating progress toward a low-carbon future
Research on the Concentration of PM₁₀, PM₂. ₅ Particulate Matter and NO₂, O₃, SO₂, CO Gases in the City of Peje
No full textThis study presents the results of air quality monitoring in the city of Peje during 2024, focusing on the concentration of particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅) and gaseous pollutants (NO₂, O₃, SO₂, and CO). Measurements were carried out in accordance with the methodologies defined in Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and Law No. 08/L-025 on protection against air pollution in Kosovo. Pollutant concentrations were expressed in μg/m³, except for CO, which was reported in mg/m³. In parallel, meteorological parameters such as precipitation, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind direction and speed, and temperature were analysed to evaluate their influence on pollutant variability. The results showed that PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations increased during the winter season, mainly due to residential heating and intensified anthropogenic activities, and were strongly affected by atmospheric stability and limited dispersion conditions. In contrast, during the summer season, higher levels of tropospheric ozone (O₃) were observed, influenced by anthropogenic precursors, elevated temperatures, solar radiation, and meteorological dynamics. Comparison with the limit values set in both national and international legislation revealed several exceedances, emphasizing the need for stronger air quality management measures. This study provides valuable insights into the seasonal behavior of key air pollutants in Peja, a city characterized by its surrounding winter tourism potential and a river flowing through its urban area. The integration of meteorological parameters enhances the understanding of pollution dynamics, supporting evidence-based decision-making for public health protection and sustainable regional development
Foods With Modified Textures in the Nutrition of the Elderly
No full textFood texture is a fundamental parameter that defines the mechanical, geometric and surface properties of foods. The importance of texture has increased due to the negative effects of age-related physiological problems such as difficulty chewing and swallowing (dysphagia) on nutrition, especially with the increase in the elderly population in the world. Factors such as decreased intestinal functions, loss of taste, decreased saliva secretion and weakened swallowing reflexes increase the risk of malnutrition with aging. Therefore, the development of foods that are suitable for the nutritional needs of elderly individuals, preserve their nutritional value as much as possible and can be easily chewed and swallowed has become a critical necessity today. In this context, standard texture levels ranging from 0 to 7 have been defined by the International Initiative for Standardization of Diets for Dysphagia (IDDSI) and various technologies have been used to produce foods suitable for the nutritional needs of the elderly. In recent years, in addition to traditional methods in texture modification, advanced technologies have also begun to be used effectively. Enzymatic processes, high pressure applications, ultrasonic waves and other microtechnological techniques allow the structure of foods to be changed and softened as desired, facilitating chewing and swallowing. In addition, new generation technologies such as 3D printers, microfluidic systems and nanotechnologies make it possible to shape foods according to the needs of the elderly, both visually and structurally. These technologies offer additional advantages such as preserving the nutritional value of food as much as possible while reducing the undesirable microorganism load. Considering that there may be nutrient losses due to heat and mechanical processes during the production process, these deficiencies are tried to be eliminated with vitamin and protein supplements. Tissue modification requires a multidisciplinary approach. Food engineering, nutritional sciences, physiology and aging-related sciences work together to develop products for the elderly. This review discusses the techniques used in tissue modification
Acrylamide in Cereal-Based Foods: Formation, Health Concerns, and Mitigation Strategies
No full textAcrylamide is a heat-induced contaminant formed primarily through the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine during the baking, frying, and roasting of carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide was first found in food in 2002 and has raised significant public health concerns due to its classification as probably carcinogenic to humans (class 2A) (IARC, 1994). Cereal-based products such as bread, cookies, crispbread, and breakfast cereals represent major dietary sources, making their mitigation a priority for both industry and regulators. This review summarizes acrylamide mitigation methods(Musa et al., 2024a, 2024b, 2025a, 2025b). It also assesses exposure and risk, and it explains the evolving regulatory landscape in the European Union. It also discusses a range of mitigation strategies, including the use of enzymes, plant extract, natural antioxidants, and the use of low-asparagine raw materials. The challenge of acrylamide reduction lies in achieving effective mitigation while preserving product quality and safety. Special attention is also given to consumer acceptance. This review highlights both current challenges and opportunities for reducing acrylamide levels in foods by integrating advances from food chemistry processing technology and agricultural innovation, and this contributes ultimately to safer and more sustainable food systems
Safety And Quality of Drinking Water: Assessment of Physico- Chemical and Microbiological Parameters in Kru Prishtina
No full textThis study shows that water treatment methods have been effective in improving the quality of drinking water. After treatment, physicochemical and bacteriological parameters have improved significantly, including the reduction of turbidity, color, metals and nitrogen pollutants, as well as the elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Electrical conductivity has increased slightly after treatment, while the concentration of phosphates has decreased significantly. Overall, the water treatment has met the required standards for drinking water, ensuring a high quality and safe for consumption. The parameters included are turbidity, pH, chlorides, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, total hardness, iron, manganese, phosphates, residual chlorine and fecal coliforms. The values are given according to standard methods and the corresponding units, as well as the permitted limits for each parameter. The results show that the treatment has affected the improvement of water quality, significantly reducing the concentrations of pollutants and bringing them within the permitted limits. For example, turbidity decreased from 2.35 NTU before treatment to 0.47 NTU after treatment, while pH decreased from 8.2 to 7.59. These changes indicate the effectiveness of the treatment process in improving water quality. Parameters included free chlorine, coliform bacteria, fecal bacteria, fecal streptococci and total viable bacterial count in physiological conditions. The values are given for specific dates, showing the changes in bacterial concentrations before and after treatment. The results show that the treatment significantly reduced bacterial concentrations, bringing them within the permitted limits. The number of coliform bacteria decreased from 50 CFU/100ml before treatment to 0 CFU/100ml after treatment, while the total viable bacterial count decreased from 17 CFU/ml to 2 CFU/ml. These changes indicate the effectiveness of the treatment process in reducing bacteriological contamination and improving water quality
Interior Design in Kosovo: Exploring Industry Readiness Through the Lens of Student Experience
No full textThis research investigates the current state of the interior design industry in Kosovo, with special attention to the observers, experiences, and readiness of students in this field to be involved in the professional market. We compared the data collected from a questionnaire involving twenty-one students with academic literature and conducted searches on Google Scholar. We aim to draw conclusions about the current development of the interior design profession in Kosovo using these data. The study emphasizes the lack of connection between education and practice, the structural challenges of the industry, and the necessity for public awareness and institutional reforms
The Role of the Independent Media Commission (IMC) in Ensuring the Legality of Audiovisual Media Services in the Republic of Kosovo
No full textThe regulation of audiovisual media services remains one of the most important challenges in the democratic and institutional development of the Republic of Kosovo. The Independent Media Commission (IMC) plays a fundamental role in ensuring the legality of broadcasting entities’ activities, by guaranteeing compliance with professional standards, pluralism, and the protection of the public interest. In this context, the alignment of IMC’s legal and regulatory framework with the European Union’s Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) holds particular importance as a prerequisite for European integration and the strengthening of the rule of law. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact and role of the IMC in monitoring, regulating, and ensuring the legality of media services in Kosovo, as well as to identify opportunities for improvement in approximation with European standards. The methodology applied is qualitative, relying on comparative analysis between domestic and European legal frameworks, interviews with local and international experts, and the review of internal regulations and relevant professional literature. Furthermore, the study draws on the analysis of best practices from regional and European regulators, supported by personal experience within the IMC and participation in international conferences. The results show that the IMC has established an important legal and institutional foundation for regulating the media market; however, challenges such as institutional independence, the effective implementation of sanctions, and continuous adaptation to new technologies require further improvement. In conclusion, the role of the IMC is indispensable for the consolidation of media democracy in Kosovo. Strengthening its capacities, aligning with the AVMSD, and increasing transparency are key elements for building a more sustainable media system in accordance with European standards
Investigative Journalism in Kosovo: Risks and Challenges
No full textThe topic addressed in this paper highlights interesting developments regarding the role and impact of investigative journalism in Kosova - a field accompanied by numerous risks and challenges in fulfilling a mission that is as delicate as it is noble and beneficial to society. Comparative methods and monitoring of online media in Kosova that genuinely engage in investigative journalism reveal serious concerns in this area, while also providing materials, documents, and numerous pieces of evidence about both the advantages developed by Kosovar media and the shortcomings they display. Investigative journalism exists and is developing in Kosova; however, this sector is still perceived as a threat by those who oppose the publication of materials or facts that stand against wrongdoing and those who create or cause misuse and crimes of various kinds. The research findings indicate that a portion of the Kosovar media adheres to the criteria, principles, guidelines, and professional agendas regarding the proper functioning of investigative journalism. Nevertheless, allegedly in the name of investigative journalism, there is a segment that, in certain situations, misuses and misleads the public. The paper presents numerous arguments and compelling comparisons regarding the definition of investigative journalism by various international and local authors. Investigative journalism is undoubtedly difficult and challenging, yet achievable and highly effective, provided the journalist or media outlet is dedicated, conscientious, and trustworthy in the eyes of the public
Motivations of University Students in Kosova for Using ChatGpt: A Uses and Gratifications Approach
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of everyday life, significantly transforming how individuals interact with technology. As AI continues to evolve, it is reshaping communication, learning, and productivity. One of the most prominent examples of this transformation is the AI-powered chatbot ChatGPT, which has emerged as a widely used tool, fundamentally altering the dynamics of internet technologies and becoming a valuable resource for a broad audience (D, J., Srinivasan, M., Dhanunjay, G. S., & Shamala, R., 2023). This study aims to explore the motivations behind ChatGPT usage among undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students at Universities in Kosova, within the theoretical framework of the Uses and Gratifications Approach. Rooted in the idea that individuals actively choose media to fulfill specific needs, this research seeks to understand how and why students use ChatGPT and what types of gratifications they obtain through its use. The study adopts a quantitative research design and collects data through an online survey (administered via Google Forms), using the snowball sampling method to reach participants. The collected data focuses on usage frequency, purposes of use (e.g., academic support, language learning, content creation), and perceived benefits. It also explores the individual, social, and technological factors influencing students’ preferences. Preliminary findings indicate that university students in Kosova primarily use ChatGPT for educational purposes, such as accessing information, saving time, generating creative content, and solving academic problems. ChatGPT is not just a tool but has become a digital assistant that enhances students’ learning processes. Another significant aim of this research is to contribute to the theoretical expansion of the Uses and Gratifications framework in the context of emerging AI technologies. By examining user motivations and experiences, the study provides a deeper understanding of the social, psychological, and technological dimensions of human-AI interaction