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George Eliot's Afterlife: Dinitia Smith's The Honeymoon and Diana Souhami's Gwendolen
No full textArticle from the George Eliot Review, digitized and hosted by the George Eliot Review Online.Publishe
Small-scale land-use variability affects Anopheles spp. distribution and concomitant Plasmodium infection in humans and mosquito vectors in southeastern Madagascar
Get PDFBackground: Deforestation and land-use change have the potential to alter human exposure to malaria. A large percentage of Madagascar's original forest cover has been lost to slash-and-burn agriculture, and malaria is one of the top causes of mortality on the island. In this study, the influence of land-use on the distribution of Plasmodium vectors and concomitant Plasmodium infection in humans and mosquito vectors was examined in the southeastern rainforests of Madagascar.
Methods: From June to August 2013, health assessments were conducted on individuals living in sixty randomly selected households in six villages bordering Ranomafana National Park. Humans were screened for malaria using species-specific rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and surveyed about insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) usage. Concurrently, mosquitoes were captured in villages and associated forest and agricultural sites. All captured female Anopheline mosquitoes were screened for Plasmodium spp. using a circumsporozoite enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (csELISA).
Results: Anopheles spp. dominated the mosquito communities of agricultural and village land-use sites, accounting for 41.4 and 31.4 % of mosquitoes captured respectively, whereas Anopheles spp. accounted for only 1.6 % of mosquitoes captured from forest sites. Interestingly, most Anopheles spp. (67.7 %) were captured in agricultural sites in close proximity to animal pens, and 90.8 % of Anopheles mosquitoes captured in agricultural sites were known vectors of malaria. Three Anopheline mosquitoes (0.7 %) were positive for malaria (Plasmodium vivax-210) and all positive mosquitoes were collected from agricultural or village land-use sites. Ten humans (3.7 %) tested were positive for P. falciparum, and 23.3 % of those surveyed reported never sleeping under ITNs.
Conclusions: This study presents the first report of malaria surveillance in humans and the environment in southeastern Madagascar. These findings suggest that even during the winter, malaria species are present in both humans and mosquitoes; with P. falciparum found in humans, and evidence of P. vivax-210 in mosquito vectors. The presence of P. vivax in resident vectors, but not humans may relate to the high incidence of humans lacking the Duffy protein. The majority of mosquito vectors were found in agricultural land-use sites, in particular near livestock pens. These findings have the potential to inform and improve targeted malaria control and prevention strategies in the region.PublishedYe
Ion Bernstein instability dependence on the proton-to-electron mass ratio: Linear dispersion theory
Get PDFFast magnetosonic waves, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities driven by tenuous ring-like proton velocity distributions, are frequently observed in the inner magnetosphere. One major difficulty in the simulation of these waves is that they are excited in a wide frequency range with discrete harmonic nature and require time-consuming computations. To overcome this difficulty, recent simulation studies assumed a reduced proton-to-electron mass ratio, m(p)/m(e), and a reduced light-to-Alfven speed ratio, c/v(A), to reduce the number of unstable modes and, therefore, computational costs. Although these studies argued that the physics of wave-particle interactions would essentially remain the same, detailed investigation of the effect of this reduced system on the excited waves has not been done. In this study, we investigate how the complex frequency, = (r)+i, of the ion Bernstein modes varies with m(p)/m(e) for a sufficiently large c/v(A) (such that pe2/e2(me/mp)(c/vA)2 >> 1) using linear dispersion theory assuming two different types of energetic proton velocity distributions, namely, ring and shell. The results show that low- and high-frequency harmonic modes respond differently to the change of m(p)/m(e). For the low harmonic modes (i.e., (r)approximate to(p)), both (r)/(p) and /(p) are roughly independent of m(p)/m(e), where (p) is the proton cyclotron frequency. For the high harmonic modes (i.e., pr less than or similar tolh, where (lh) is the lower hybrid frequency), /(lh) (at fixed (r)/(lh)) stays independent of m(p)/m(e) when the parallel wave number, k(vertical bar), is sufficiently large and becomes inversely proportional to (m(p)/m(e))(1/4) when k(vertical bar) goes to zero. On the other hand, the frequency range of the unstable modes normalized to (lh) remains independent of m(p)/m(e), regardless of k(vertical bar).PublishedYe
Ion Bernstein instability dependence on the proton-to-electron mass ratio: Linear dispersion theory
Get PDFFast magnetosonic waves, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities driven by tenuous ring-like proton velocity distributions, are frequently observed in the inner magnetosphere. One major difficulty in the simulation of these waves is that they are excited in a wide frequency range with discrete harmonic nature and require time-consuming computations. To overcome this difficulty, recent simulation studies assumed a reduced proton-to-electron mass ratio, m(p)/m(e), and a reduced light-to-Alfven speed ratio, c/v(A), to reduce the number of unstable modes and, therefore, computational costs. Although these studies argued that the physics of wave-particle interactions would essentially remain the same, detailed investigation of the effect of this reduced system on the excited waves has not been done. In this study, we investigate how the complex frequency, = (r)+i, of the ion Bernstein modes varies with m(p)/m(e) for a sufficiently large c/v(A) (such that pe2/e2(me/mp)(c/vA)2 >> 1) using linear dispersion theory assuming two different types of energetic proton velocity distributions, namely, ring and shell. The results show that low- and high-frequency harmonic modes respond differently to the change of m(p)/m(e). For the low harmonic modes (i.e., (r)approximate to(p)), both (r)/(p) and /(p) are roughly independent of m(p)/m(e), where (p) is the proton cyclotron frequency. For the high harmonic modes (i.e., pr less than or similar tolh, where (lh) is the lower hybrid frequency), /(lh) (at fixed (r)/(lh)) stays independent of m(p)/m(e) when the parallel wave number, k(vertical bar), is sufficiently large and becomes inversely proportional to (m(p)/m(e))(1/4) when k(vertical bar) goes to zero. On the other hand, the frequency range of the unstable modes normalized to (lh) remains independent of m(p)/m(e), regardless of k(vertical bar).Publishe
Osteology of the White-Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus, An
No full textBecause of the absence of a comprehensive description of the osseous anatomy of the white-tailed deer, this study was undertaken. The external morphology of each bone is described utilizing the current nomenclature presented in Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Bones obtained from five male and five female deer were studied. The skull is described as a whole and its features are characterized as seen from several views. Bones of the vertebral column are considered in regions with bones and features not characteristic of the series presented individually. The components of the appendicular skeleton are presented individually. This thesis confirms the presence of a unique facial vacuity on the facial portion of the skull, a first carpal bone and vestigial second and fifth metacarpal bones. The results report the presence of a single os cordis and distal sesamoid bones the presence of which had not been previously recorded. The condition of the fibula was examined and its variable status is reported. Both the written description and the drawings should be useful to law enforcement officials and archeologists in identifying bones as those of the white-tailed deer. Accompanied by pen and ink drawings. Master's Thesis from Auburn University
'Woman's freedom consists in choosing the husband who is to be her master': Existentialism and the Female Slave in Daniel Deronda
No full textArticle from the George Eliot Review, digitized and hosted by the George Eliot Review Online.Publishe
AlabamaMosaic: How Does It Fit into the Museum Community?
Get PDFAlabamaMosaic is a statewide project in which participating institutions create and manage their own collections of digital objects, and a central catalog makes these objects findable from the AlabamaMosaic Web site. Although originally created by the Network of Alabama Academic Libraries, AlabamaMosaic has become a collaboration between academic libraries, public libraries, archives, historical societies, and museums. Project participants make their digital objects available through AlabamaMosaic so that the public can use them for educational and other non-commercial purposes. There are no fees to participate, and smaller organizations can get help in creating their digital collections. Midge Coates, Auburn University, Project Manager for AlabamaMosaic Project, will talk about the AlabamaMosaic project as a whole and about the benefits of participation for a small (or large) organization
Proton velocity ring-driven instabilities in the inner magnetosphere: Linear theory and particle-in-cell simulations
Get PDFLinear dispersion theory and electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used to investigate linear growth and nonlinear saturation of the proton velocity ring-driven instabilities, namely, ion Bernstein instability and Alfven-cyclotron instability, which lead to fast magnetosonic waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the inner magnetosphere, respectively. The proton velocity distribution is assumed to consist of 10% of a ring distribution and 90% of a low-temperature Maxwellian background. Here two cases with ring speeds v(r)/v(A)=1 and 2 (v(A) is the Alfven speed) are examined in detail. For the two cases, linear theory predicts that the maximum growth rate (m) of the Bernstein instability is 0.16(p) and 0.19(p), respectively, and (m) of the Alfven-cyclotron instability is 0.045(p) and 0.15(p), respectively, where (p) is the proton cyclotron frequency. Two-dimensional PIC simulations are carried out for the two cases to examine the instability development and the corresponding evolution of the particle distributions. Initially, Bernstein waves develop and saturate with strong electrostatic fluctuations. Subsequently, electromagnetic Alfven-cyclotron waves grow and saturate. Despite their smaller growth rate, the saturation levels of the Alfven-cyclotron waves for both cases are larger than those of the Bernstein waves. Resonant interactions with the Bernstein waves lead to scattering of ring protons predominantly along the perpendicular velocity component (toward both decreasing and, at a lesser extent, increasing speeds) without substantial change of either the parallel temperature or the temperature anisotropy. Consequently, the Alfven-cyclotron instability can still grow. Furthermore, the free energy resulting from the pitch angle scattering by the Alfven-cyclotron waves is larger than the free energy resulting from the perpendicular energy scattering, thereby leading to the larger saturation level of the Alfven-cyclotron waves.PublishedYe