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Northrop Frye and the Genre of Middlemarch
No full textArticle from the George Eliot Review, digitized and hosted by the George Eliot Review Online.Publishe
Magnetic Reconnection Inside Solar Wind Rotational Discontinuity During Its Interaction With the Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock and Magnetosheath
Get PDFUsing a three-dimensional global hybrid simulation, we investigate the formation and evolution of ion-scale magnetic reconnection inside an interplanetary rotational discontinuity (RD) owing to its interaction with the quasi-perpendicular (Q-perpendicular to) bow shock and the magnetosphere. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is initially predominantly northward, while it changes to purely southward across the RD. A significantly thinned RD current layer with a width similar to ion skin depth and normal magnetic field B-n approximate to 0 is formed by a shock compression process as the RD interacts with the Q-perpendicular to shock. Magnetic reconnection thereupon takes place inside the thin RD current layer, where Hall magnetic and electric fields, reconnection electric field, and high-speed ion outflow jets are identified. Simultaneously, flux ropes form with an extension of a few ion inertial lengths. As the RD is transmitted into the magnetosheath, multiple reconnection sites lead to the formation of longer flux ropes. Moreover, magnetosheath reconnection is also found at new reconnection sites inside the RD. No reconnection is found in the Q-perpendicular to shock alone outside the RD. The flux ropes propagate poleward and tailward in the magnetosheath. In addition, magnetopause reconnection takes place under the southward IMF on the sunward side of the RD after the RD passes through the magnetopause.PublishedYe
Replication data and code for: Cross-sectional association of Toxoplasma gondii exposure with BMI and diet in US adults
No full textToxoplasmosis gondii exposure has been linked to increased impulsivity and risky behaviors, which has implications for eating behavior. Impulsivity and risk tolerance is known to be related with worse diets and a higher chance of obesity. There is little known, however, about the independent link between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure and diet-related outcomes. Using linear and quantile regression, we estimated the relationship between T. gondii exposure and BMI, total energy intake (kcal), and diet quality as measured by the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI) among 9,853 adults from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Previous studies have shown different behavioral responses to T. gondii infection among males and females, and socioeconomic factors are also likely to be important as both T. gondii and poor diet are more prevalent among U.S. populations in poverty. We therefore measured the associations between T. gondii and diet-related outcomes separately for men and women and for respondents in poverty. Among females <200% of the federal poverty level Toxoplasmosis gondii exposure was associated with a higher BMI by 2.0 units (95% CI [0.22, 3.83]) at median BMI and a lower HEI by 5.05 units (95% CI [-7.87, -2.24]) at the 25th percentile of HEI. Stronger associations were found at higher levels of BMI and worse diet quality among females. No associations were found among males. Through a detailed investigation of mechanisms, we were able to rule out T. gondii exposure from cat ownership, differing amounts of meat, and drinking water source as potential confounding factors; environmental exposure to T. gondii as well as changes in human behavior due to parasitic infection remain primary mechanisms.ye
It Takes a Village: Incorporating Intentionality Into Network Development
Get PDFDo you have problems connecting with colleagues that can answer your questions? Do you ever find yourself in a situation where you aren’t sure who can address a particular knowledge gap? Do you expect network development activities to occur organically? Have you ever wondered what a sociogram is or how to create one? If you answered yes to any of these questions, come discover the process of social network analysis (SNA) and how you can use it to more intentionally develop the network of individuals that support you in carrying out your daily job responsibilities
Data for: The relative importance of suspended versus benthic food resources to freshwater mussels in central Texas, USA
No full textAs unionid mussels continue to decline in North America much remains unknown regarding their primary food resources and feeding relationships. In this study, we quantified stable C (δ13C) and stable N (δ15N) isotopic signatures for five mussel species and their potential food resources across four watersheds and three seasons in central Texas, USA. Our objective was to investigate spatial, temporal, intra- and interspecific variation in food resource utilization. Across all species and sites, Bayesian mixing models suggest C derived from coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM; bulk detrital leaf packs) contributed on average 51% to the mussel diet and C derived from suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) contributed 41% on average to the mussel diet. Mussel stable isotope signatures exhibited minimal variation across species within a site, but significant differences across sites and seasons. Although significant differences in food source contributions were observed between sites and species, differences were relatively small and either CPOM or SPOM were consistently the primary food resource. Mussels were potentially consuming microbial biofilms associated with CPOM pools, but preferential assimilation of detrital biofilms remains to be quantified. Carbon:nitrogen ratios of mussel soft tissue varied seasonally with summer ratios approximately 3 times higher on average than spring and fall ratios, which is suggestive of poor food quality and thermal stress during the summer. Some species had significant positive relationships between isotopic ratios and shell length, which indicates changes in food resource incorporation with increasing mussel size. Together these data suggest the C in mussel tissues was of benthic and suspended origin. These findings provide further evidence that mussels effectively exploit benthic food resources in addition to planktonic resources.In revisionYe
The Mill on the Floss: A Tragic Story
No full textArticle from the George Eliot Review, digitized and hosted by the George Eliot Review Online.Publishe
Building Consensus for Ambitious Climate Action Through the World Climate Simulation
Get PDFSociopolitical values are an important driver of climate change beliefs, attitudes, and policy preferences. People with individualist-hierarchical values favor individual freedom, competition, and clearly defined social hierarchies, while communitarian-egalitarians value interdependence and equality across gender, age, heritage, and ethnicity. In the US, individualist-hierarchs generally perceive less risk from climate change and express lower support for actions to mitigate it than communitarian-egalitarians. Exposure to scientific information does little to change these views. Here, we ask if a widely used experiential simulation, World Climate, can help overcome these barriers. World Climate combines an engaging role-play with an interactive computer model of the climate system. We examine pre- and post-World Climate survey responses from 2,080 participants in the US and use a general linear mixed model approach to analyze interactions among participants' sociopolitical values and gains in climate change knowledge, affect, and intent to take action. As expected, prior to the simulation, participants holding individualist-hierarchical values had lower levels of climate change knowledge, felt less urgency, and expressed lower intent to act than those holding communitarian-egalitarian values. However, individualist-hierarchs made significantly larger gains across all constructs, particularly urgency, than communitarian-egalitarians. Participants' sociopolitical values also shifted: those with individualistic-hierarchical values before the simulation showed a substantial, statistically significant shift toward a communitarian-egalitarian worldview. Simulation-based experiences like World Climate may help reduce polarization and build consensus towards science-based climate action.PublishedYe
Ethical Leadership and Salesperson Job Performance: The Impact of Remote Supervision
Get PDFRemote salespeople are moving away from in-person interactions and toward using technology to keep in contact with their supervisors. There are ethical perspectives that should be considered in a remote work environment. While literature surrounding social learning theory has explored the degree to which behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others, there has been little focus on whether salespeople can emulate ethical leadership behavior when they work in a different location from their supervisor. This manuscript proposes a study that examines how remote supervision impacts the relationship between the affective organizational commitment of the salesperson and job performance.Ye
Equatorial Pitch Angle Distributions of 1-50 keV Electrons in Earth's Inner Magnetosphere: An Empirical Model Based on the Van Allen Probes Observations
Get PDFUsing 7 years of data from the Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron instrument on the Van Allen Probes, equatorial pitch angle distributions (PADs) of 1-50 keV electrons in Earth's inner magnetosphere are investigated statistically. An empirical model of electron equatorial PADs as a function of radial distance, magnetic local time, geomagnetic activity, and electron energy is constructed using the method of Legendre polynomial fitting. Model results show that most equatorial PADs of 1-10s of keV electrons in Earth's inner magnetosphere are pancake PADs, and the lack of butterfly PADs is likely due to their relatively flat or positive flux radial gradients at higher altitudes. During geomagnetically quiet times, more anisotropic distributions of 1-10s of keV electrons at dayside than nightside are observed, which could be responsible for moderate chorus wave activities at dayside during quiet times as reported by previous studies. During active times, the anisotropy of 1-10s of keV electrons significantly enhances, consistent with the enhanced chorus wave activity during active times and suggesting the critical role of 1-10s of keV electrons in generating chorus waves in Earth's inner magnetosphere. Different enhanced anisotropy patterns of different energy electrons are also observed during active times: at R > similar to 4 R-E, keV electrons are more anisotropic at dawn to noon, while 10s of keV electrons have larger anisotropy at midnight to dawn. These differences, combined with the statistical distribution of chorus waves shown in previous studies, suggest the differential roles of electrons with different energies in generating chorus waves with different properties.PublishedYe