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Gap Formation Around 0.5 Omega(e) in the Whistler-Mode Waves Due To the Plateau-Like Shape in the Parallel Electron Distribution: 2D PIC Simulations
No full textThe power gap around 0.5 Omega(e) (where Omega(e) is the equatorial electron gyrofrequency) of whistler-mode waves is commonly observed in the Earth's inner magnetosphere, but its generation mechanism is still under debate. By performing two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a uniform background magnetic field, we investigate the spectral properties of whistler-mode waves excited by temperature anisotropic electrons. The waves have positive growth rates in a wide range of normal angles (theta approximate to 0 degrees-35 degrees), resulting in the generation of both parallel and nonparallel waves. Although the nonparallel wave modes are weaker than the parallel ones, they can cause the plateau-like shape around 0.5 V-Ae (where V-Ae represent the electron Alfven speed) in the parallel direction of electron velocity distribution. The plateau-like electron component can then lead to severe damping in the waves around 0.5 Omega(e )via the cyclotron resonance, and the power gap is formed. This mechanism is called as spectrum bite. Our study sheds fresh light on the well-known gap formation at similar to 0.5 Omega(e )in the whistler-mode waves, which is ubiquitously detected near the equator in the inner magnetosphere.PublishedYe
Data for: Does it pay to pay? A comparison of the benefits of open-access publishing across various sub-fields in biology
No full textHere we provide the R data objects used for the analysis reported in "Does it pay to pay? A comparison of the benefits of open-access publishing across various sub-fields in Biology"
The Influence of Journaling on Nursing Students: A Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground: Nursing students often experience anxiety and stress from the expectations to develop clinical reasoning skills, internalize new knowledge, and learn to care for patients. Previous research has proposed reflective thinking as a tool to lessen anxiety and promote metacognition. This article examines the role of journaling in promoting reflection among undergraduate nursing students. Method: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used to conduct the review. Concepts for journaling and nursing students were searched in four databases. Data were extracted from 19 sources to identify study type, participants, descriptions of journaling, and findings. Results: Studies took place in a variety of clinical and classroom settings; the majority used a guided format. Various frameworks and tools were used to provide conceptual support. Conclusion: Most studies found journaling to be effective in promoting reflection and the development of clinical judgment and emotional competency. However, more studies are needed to develop appropriate rubrics for assessment.PublishedYe
Effect of IMF B-y on the Entry of Solar Wind Ions Into the Near-Earth Tail Lobe: Global Hybrid Simulation and MMS Observation
Full text linkGlobal simulations predict that the low-latitude mantle may be an important pathway for the solar wind entry into the tail magnetosphere close to the current sheet when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B-y dominates over IMF B-z. To evaluate this entry mechanism in the near-Earth tail (X similar to -10--20 R-E), we investigate the predictions from 3D global hybrid simulations as well as in situ observations by magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. The simulations predict that the low-latitude mantle plasma can appear in the near-Earth tail lobe extending inward approximately 5 R-E from the flank magnetopause. The low-latitude mantle plasma appears in the dawnside northern lobe and duskside southern lobe during positive IMF B-y, while the opposite asymmetry is seen during negative IMF B-y. After a change in the IMF B-y direction arriving at the bow shock nose, it takes another similar to 15-30 min for the asymmetry to completely reverse to the opposite sense in the near-Earth tail. We present six MMS events in the tail lobe showing that the existence and absence of the low-latitude mantle plasma is consistent with the predicted asymmetries. Statistical analysis of 5 years of MMS observations shows that the dependencies of the magnitudes of the lobe densities and tailward field-aligned flow speeds on the IMF B-y directions are consistent with the predicted contributions from the low-latitude mantle plasma in the expected lobe regions.PublishedYe
"Everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work": Data Cascades in High-Stakes AI
Full text linkThose who work with data have learned the importance of provenance, documentation, standardization, context, and metadata in maintaining the quality of datasets. This was historically done to preserve their utility for human reuse and re-examination, but in recent years the emphasis on machine-readability of datasets has increased, in part to allow for their use in AI (artificial intelligence) applications. Just as those involved in creating and maintaining datasets benefit from an improved understanding of how they might be used with AI, the developers of AI systems should pay attention to issues that affect the data upon which their models rely. Several Google researchers present this perspective in “‘Everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work’: Data Cascades in High-Stakes AI”, a conference paper based on their qualitative study of AI practitioners (Sambasivan et al., 2021).PublishedN
The Importance of Location in the Portrayal of Rachel Poyser and Dinah Morris in Adam Bede
No full textArticle from the George Eliot Review. Digitized and hosted by the George Eliot Review Online, editor Beverley Park Rilett.Publishe
Large-Scale High-Speed Jets in Earth's Magnetosheath: Global Hybrid Simulations
Full text linkHigh-speed jets (HSJs) occur frequently in Earth's magnetosheath downstream of the quasiparallel bow shock. They have great impacts on the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Using two-dimensional global hybrid simulations, we investigate the formation and evolution of HSJs with different solar wind conditions. When the quasi-parallel shock is formed, HSJs begin to appear in the quasi-parallel magnetosheath. Some elongated HSJs formed at the quasi-parallel bow shock extend toward the quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath along with the background magnetosheath flow. As the elongated HSJs moves in the magnetosheath, filamentary structures of the velocity, ion density, and temperature occur in the magnetosheath. The filamentary structures are the traces of HSJs moving in the magnetosheath. Moreover, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can be excited at HSJs, which causes meandering of HSJs. When the interplanetary magnetic field is aligned to the solar wind velocity, the large-scale HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of about 2.5 R-E (0.3 R-E) are formed at the magnetosheath where the theta(Bn) is approaching zero. Then, some HSJs converge, leading to the formation of even larger HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of 5 R-E (0.6 R-E).PublishedYe
New Valley Project
No full textThis file contains a digital map of the New Valley Project (Egypt) in Google Earth KMZ format that was produced as part of The IBT Water Project at Auburn University. The New Valley Project, also known as Toshka Project, was designed to divert water from Lake Nasser on the Nile River to irrigate lands near the Toshka Lakes in southeastern Egypt. The system's main feature, the Mubarak Pumping Station, was thought to be the largest of its kind in the world upon its completion in 2005. The purpose of the project was to develop a new urban center and increase the country’s agricultural production to support its growing population. However, there are concerns about the cost and the potential to meet its intended goals. Metadata embedded in the KMZ file include author contact, Creative Commons License information, and list of references. See the project website (URL shortcut: aub.ie/ibtwater) for information about methods, data sources, additional digital IBT maps, Google Earth tips, and a glossary of key terms