African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Genre et attitudes de stigmatisation à l’égard des Personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) au Bénin
No full textContexte : Les attitudes de rejet des PVVIH constituent un frein à l’accès universel et à leurs droits essentiels. Cet article vise à apporter un éclairage sur les disparités de genre en matière de stigmatisation des PVVIH.Méthodologie : Analyse secondaire des données de l’EDSB 2011-2012. Un indicateur de niveau de stigmatisation a été créé pour faire des analyses multi-variées de régression logistique sur un échantillon de 4813 hommes et 14849 femmes.Résultats : Pour les deux sexes, avoir un niveau élevé d’instruction, être exposé fréquemment aux médias, être chrétien et appartenir au groupe ethnique Adja déterminent l’attitude bienveillante envers les PVVIH. Il en est de même pour les femmes qui sont en union conjugale, celles qui vivent en milieu rural, celles vivant dans des ménages riches ou celles n’ayant aucune activité économique.Conclusion:Développer des stratégies de protection des PVVIH en s’appuyant sur les attitudes bienveillantes observées
Changes in the timing of sexual intercourse in Ghana: evidence from the demographic and health survey data, 1988-2014.
No full textBackground: Although sexuality is an inherent feature of humans, the timing of this important life-changing event sets the tone for future sexual behaviour with broader social implications. Data source & Method: The present study used the six waves of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data (1988 to 2014) to examine the effect of changes in social and demographic contexts on age at which women have their first sexual encounter. Results: The results of the study have shown that even though the age at which women in Ghana initiate sexual intercourse is changing, the changes have been slow over the course of the 26 years under review (1988 to 2014). Of the social and demographers factors examined, only education, religion and ethnicity were found to be significant predictors of the timing of sexual intercourse among women in Ghana, while the effects of place of residence and region were found to be insignificant after controlling for other factors. Educated women tended to postpone the initiation of first sexual encounter compared to their less educated counterparts, while women who belonged to other Christian denominations and Muslims delayed sexual initiation compared to women who did not belong to any religious group. Finally, Ewes, Guans, Mole/Dagbanis and other ethnic groups all tended to delay sexual initiation compared to the majority Akan.Conclussion: The study demonstrated that the timing of first sexual intercourse among women in Ghana is affected by social and demographic contexts such as place of residence, education, ethnicity, region, and religion
Decision making autonomy and fertility behaviour among currently married women in Nigeria.
No full textBackground: Decision-making autonomy as a component of women’s status is a less studied indicator of fertility behaviour in Nigeria.Data and Methods: The study utilizes the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data to determine women’s characteristics associated with decision-making autonomy and examine the influence of decision-making autonomy on fertility behaviour among currently married women in Nigeria. Relationships between decision-making autonomy and fertility behaviour were examined using Poisson and Binary logistic regressions.Results: Results showed that, about 60% of currently married women were of low autonomy. Decision-making autonomy was associated with women’s age, age at marriage, level of education, religion, employment status, type of residence and household wealth status. The result further showed that women’s decision-making autonomy was significantly associated with lower number of living children and increased contraceptive use.Conclusion: The study concludes that women’s decision-making autonomy is an important predictor of fertility behaviour among currently married women in Nigeria
Place attachment and determinants of living arrangement in the family house in Ibadan, Nigeria
Full text linkContext/Background: There is a dearth of study in identifying the determinants of choice of living arrangement in sub-Saharan Africa and what influences individual’s decision about this. Therefore, this study examined the physical aspects and demographic characteristics that may be significant predictors of attachment to a particularly form of living arrangement in the form of “family house” otherwise called agbo’le.Data source and Methods: The analysis was based on quantitative data from 413 household heads in a traditional neighborhood characterized mainly by agbo’les in Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, regression analysis and correlation were used to analyse the data. Results: The results showed that demographic factors including education attained, occupation and nature of work were significant predictors of place attachment rather than the physical structure.Conclusion: The study concluded that the relevance of agbo’le to the lives of the residents and hence its future potentials are more influenced by characteristics of individual residents.
The determinants of youth labor market integration in Cameroon: is family Socioeconomic-background more effective than education?
No full textBackground: The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of socioeconomic background and human capital on young people’s labor market integration. A review of the literature suggests that in addition to human capital, other factors not directly related to individual productivity play an important role in labor market integration.Data Source & Method: The empirical work is based on the analysis of a firsthand biographical database from Bafia, a Cameroonian city. Results: Results show that young people from privileged background are more likely to swiftly enter the wage sector than their peers from disadvantaged background. Conclusion: This result is not only due to the fact that former received more education than the latter but also because of the existence of a sort of privileged birth-related premium not induced by the formal education level
Social network and complementary/alternative medicine use among pregnant women in Ogbia Communities of Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria
No full textBackground: The role of social network in influencing different aspects of health behaviour is a growing aspect of social medicine. However, this issue has not received much attention concerning CAM use. Thus, there are very few studies that have attempted to address the influence of social network on CAM use. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the role of social network in Complementary and Alternative Medicine use among pregnant women.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted among 361 pregnant women in the South-south region of Nigeria, using the questionnaire and in-depth interview, while analysis was done at the univariate, bivariate and multivariate level and thematic content analysis.Results: Findings from the study showed that, while individual network had a weak influence on the use of CAM, social networks variables jointly predicted the extent of CAM use (R = 0.719, 16R2"> = 0.517, F(5, 136)= 29.162, Adj. 16R2"> = 0.500, p<0.000). In addition, while family (β = .770, p<0.001), friends (β = -.688, p<0.000), religious organisations (β =.508, p<0.000), neighbours (β = -.725, p<0.000) as sources of CAM information independently predicted CAM use, co-workers did not.Conclusion: The study concluded that though individual social network might have minimal influence in the use of CAM, a combination of social network tools could be a potent tool in influencing the complementary and alternative medicine choices of pregnant women. Therefore, health planning and development should consider social networks variables in designing health programmes and policies
Trends and projection of demographic indices of the Libyan population using a fifty-year census data 1954-2016
No full textBackground: Libya is a North African country with the longest coast on the Mediterranean basin facing Europe. Little is known about the demographic characteristics of the Libyan population. Herein, we examine the demographic features and disparities in age and gender among Libyans over the last fifty years, which could be useful for future planning and allocation of resources.Data and methods: Census data were used to analyze the demographic parameters and age trends from 1954 to 2016 by decades.Findings: The total Libyan population increased with significant sex differences during all decades. Fertility rates increased and mortality rates decreased. There had been more males during the first three decades but then their percentage declined since 1984, with women accounting for 49% in 2006. The working-age population increased to 67% by 2006.Conclusion: These findings are discussed in the light of major demographic changes that has occurred in the Libyan society. Libya as a whole has enjoyed low mortality and great improvement in socioeconomic status
Impacts socio-économiques des inégalités de genre sur la fécondité à Ouagadougou : éclairage à partir des donnees de l’observatoire de population de Ouagadougou
No full textContexte : Parmi les facteurs de la fécondité élevée en Afrique Sub-saharienne, on met souvent en avant les inégalités de genre. Cependant, les recherches se contentent souvent de mesurer la fécondité selon les caractéristiques de la femme sans son conjoint. Il s'agit donc de confronter le statut des deux conjoints dans les couples.Données et méthodes : Ce travail utilise les données de l’Observatoire de Population de Ouagadougou et mesure les inégalités de genre à l’aide du test de Log-rank et du modèle d’Andersen et Gill.Résultats : Les résultats ne montrent aucune différence significative selon l’éducation mais une femme qui a une activité rémunératrice dont le conjoint est sans emploi a environ 50% de moins de risque d’avoir un enfant par rapport à celle qui n’a aucun emploi et dont le conjoint a un revenu.Conclusion : L’inégalité dans le niveau d’éducation des conjoints ne semble pas avoir d’impact sur la fécondité, mais celle de l’emploi est très marquante
Poverty dynamics and vulnerability to poverty: An empirical analysis using general household surveys
No full textBackground: This study analysed determinants of vulnerability to poverty in South Africa utilising the General Household Surveys from 2012 to 2015.Data source and methods: The Foster Greere Thorbecke poverty index by groups and income components using the Shapley Value was used to identify household vulnerability status. A multinomial logit model was used to investigate factors that contribute to vulnerability to poverty.Results: The study findings pointed out that high-income variability contributes to vulnerability and poverty among urban and rural areas.Additionally, the findings of the study demonstrated that only a few households fall in the middle (lower bound) poverty lines.Conclusions: Race and location are strong predictors of poverty in South Africa
Knowledge of public health challenge of open defecation in rural areas of South-East Nigeria: Implications for social workers
No full textBackground: Practice of open defection has growing health concerns especially on rural dwellers and is among leading causes of diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, stunting and responsible for the death of children under 5 years in Nigeria. This study seeks to examine knowledge of public health challenges of open defecation among rural residents in south-east Nigeria and implications for social work.Data source and methods: Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used for data collected from 52 respondents in Nsukka and Udenu LGAs of Enugu State. Thematic analysis was adopted and phrases with contextual connotations were pulled as illustrative quotes.Results: Lack of toilet facilities makes community members engage in the practice despite knowledge of its public health implications.Conclusions: The study recommends strengthening of government’s efforts to eradicate the practice; incorporating social workers as facilitators in public health regulations and advocacy in sensitising households to provide their own toilets