African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Gender power relations in reproductive decision-making: The case of Gamo migrants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFIn many developing countries most of reproductive decisions are made by men although it is, as well, the concern of women. This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing gender power relations in reproductive decision-making (DM). Data collected from random sample of 317 married couples using structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to find the determinants of reproductive DM. Accordingly, 33% of women reported joint contraceptive use DM; 36% of women and 38% of men reported joint maternal health service utilization (MHSU) DM. Women who are older, literate, have fewer children, media access, have job, and not victim of harassment/abuse participate in reproductive DM, while men who are literate, have fewer children, media access, older, and did not harass/abuse their wives let wives participate in MHSU DM. Thus, empowering the study community in general and women in particular is recommended to improve their participation in reproductive DM
CAMEROUN : DE L’ENCOURAGEMENT DES NAISSANCES A LA MAITRISE DE LA FECONDITE CAUSES ET CONSEQUENCES DE L’EVOLUTION OBSERVEE
Get PDFRegional variation in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Kenya
Get PDFThis paper seeks to establish the effect of region of residence on neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in Kenya, using the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data. The results show significant regional variation in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Both neonatal and post-neonatal mortality were also found to vary significantly according to household wealth status, household water supply, and toilet facility, maternal age at birth, preceding birth interval; antenatal visits and type of place of delivery. It was only post-neonatal mortality that also varied significantly according to maternal education.The study recommends that concerted efforts be made to reduce high neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in the high mortality areas. These could entail strengthening existing family planning, child survival and HIV/AIDS programmes alongside improving households’ access to piped water supply and household hygiene practices
Comparative study of infant and child mortality: The case of Kenya and South Africa
Get PDFComparisons of infant and child mortality between populations, both within and between countries, are important because they highlight causative factors of mortality, which can be addressed by health policies and programmes seeking to reduce high mortality at the young ages. Such information is useful for demographic assessment of the population and the evaluation of health policies and programmes. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality using the 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey and the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Two methods of analysis are used in this study. First variations in infant and child mortality levels by population groups are investigated through bivariate analysis which forms the basis for the logistic analysis. The results from the bivariate analysis show the existence of linkages between mother’s and partner’s levels of education, literacy, urban/rural place of residence, ethnicity, birth order, age of mother at the time of birth of child, age of mother at first marriage, mother’s occupation, water supply and health facilities and their children’s survival chances. Logistic analysis revealed that ethnicity, type of toilet facilities, literacy and birth order explain most of the variations in infant and child mortality in Kenya while mother’s educational attainment and type of toilet facilities were the main variables of importance for South Africa. These findings have important implications on efforts to reduce gaps in mortality differentials. For example the existing socio-economic and demographic differentials in infant and child mortality in the two countries can be reduced through provision of equitable high quality education, proper sanitation, discouragement of early marriage and early childbearing among others
The Role of HIV/AIDS Prevention Campaigns on HIV Related Behavioural Changes in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the impact of sources of AIDS education on HIV-related behavioural changes, and its implications for HIV prevention and service delivery in Nigeria. We analysed cross-sectional data obtained from a structured face-to-face interview with 1,373 respondents aged 15-50, who have ever had sex in Ibadan, Nigeria. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, its route of transmission and prevention strategies was high. About 20 % of the respondents were exposed to the AIDS prevention campaigns. A majority reported sexual behavioral changes, which included restriction of sex partners, use of condoms, sexual abstinence and avoidance of casual sex. Thirty-nine percent took some steps to reduce risk of infection by avoiding transfusion with unscreened blood and testing for HIV status. Using multiple logistic regressions, the factors affecting the reported changes were identified. The application of health belief model shows that the model cannot wholly explain the changes in behavior. The role of female powerlessness in safer sex decision-making is noted. Despite the limitations of the study, the need for a sustained AIDS prevention campaign is stressed. The implications of the study for AIDS programs and research are highlighted
Pregnancy Outcomes Among The Ibani Of Rivers State, Nigeria: Findings From Case-Studies
Get PDFThe prevalence of high maternal and infant morbidity/mortality among the Ibani of Rivers State, Nigeria, is linked to socio-cultural factors that influence perceptions, attitudes and practices of the people with regard to pregnancy. This study investigates the factors affecting pregnancy outcomes among the Ibani by examining 19 cases identified through Exit-interviews (EIs). Findings indicate that pregnancy outcomes depend on the interaction of complex variables such as male role, socioeconomic status of women, child spacing, access and use of maternal health facilities, among others. The results show that there are 4 principal types of pregnancy outcomes among the Ibani, which include: Type-1 representing maternal and infant survival; Type-2 which is synonymous with maternal survival but infant mortality; Type-3 or spontaneous abortion; and Type-4 which represents maternal mortality but infant survival. The findings suggest that multiple social, cultural and ideological factors condition behaviours among the Ibani and that pregnancy outcomes are only comprehensively understood in the context they occur
Migration, remittance and development in origin countries: evidence from Nigeria
Get PDFMigration (international or local migration) of individuals/workers is viewed as a channel through which workers’ remittances have become a major source of income for developing countries; resources are repatriated from the source country to service foreign nationals or home economy while it creates an internal braindrain between local migrants and likely an increased out-migration of workers/individuals. However, little is still known about their impact on the economic development in the origin countries. This paper analyses whether, and to what extent, these downsides of international migration of workers affects origin countries. Consequently, using a household survey-based and secondary sources dataset our results show that remittances in Nigeria are positively and significantly viable in their contribution to economic growth (proxy by gross domestic product) in some Sub-Saharan African countries and have reduced poverty to some extent
How can we learn about community socioeconomic status and poverty in a developing country urban environment? An example from Johannesburg-Soweto, South Africa
Get PDFFew tested tools exist to assess poverty and socio-economic status at the community level, particularly in urban developing country environments. Furthermore, there is no real sense of what the community concept actually means. Consequently, this paper aims to describe how formative qualitative research was used to develop a quantitative tool to assess community SES in Johannesburg-Soweto in terms of the terminology used, topics covered, and how it was administered, comparing it to the South African Living Standards and Measurement Study. It also discusses the level of aggregation respondents identified as defining a local community using a drawing/mapping exercise. Focus groups (n=11) were conducted with 15-year-old adolescents and their caregivers from the 1990 Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) cohort and key informant in-depth interviews (n=17) with prominent members working in the Bt20 communities. This research recognises the importance of involving local people in the design of data collection tools measuring poverty and human well-being