African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Living Arrangements and Conditions of Older People in Zimbabwe
Get PDFThis research uses data from the 1994-1995 Zimbabwe Aging Survey complemented by the 1999 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey to examine living arrangements and conditions of older people in Zimbabwe. Living arrangements in Zimbabwe are similar to those found in other sub-Saharan African countries. Older people are likely to be living with other kin and in a variety of arrangements involving family members. To determine gender preference for co-resident with children and other kin, we adjust living arrangement patterns for sex, dominant proportion of living children and marital status. Data show that older people with living adult children are more likely to co-reside with kin. However, older people with a dominant proportion of married children are significantly (p<0.01) less likely to co-reside with married children. Furthermore, households headed by older women are significantly (p<0.001) less likely to co-reside with kin
Pour une relecture des tendances migratoires entre villes et campagnes : une étude comparée Burkina Faso – Côte d'Ivoire
Get PDFBien que peu urbanisée au regard des autres régions du monde, l'Afrique a enregistré à partir des années 1950 des taux de croissance urbaine laissant penser qu'elle allait rattraper son "retard" en matière d'urbanisation. Mais les dynamiques de peuplement ont évolué : depuis le milieu des années 1980, les rythmes d’urbanisation ont singulièrement ralenti en Afrique de l’ouest [1]. L'objectif de la présente contribution est de montrer que le ralentissement des rythmes d'accroissement urbain, au Burkina Faso comme en Côte d'Ivoire, est lié à l'apparition de nouvelles tendances migratoires entre villes et campagnes. Ainsi en Côte d’Ivoire, les recensements généraux de la population et de l’habitat (RGPH, 1988 et 1998) et l’enquête ivoirienne sur les migrations et l’urbanisation (EIMU, 1993) ont révélé que les villes perdaient de la population au profit des campagnes. Depuis le milieu des années 1980, le milieu rural a enregistré un solde migratoire positif tandis que celui des villes était negative [2]. Au Burkina Faso, une telle inversion des flux villes-campagnes ne s'est pas produite, mais les résultats préliminaires de l'EMIUB (Enquête nationale "Dynamique migratoire, insertion urbaine et environnement", 2000) semblent indiquer que l'exode rural fléchit tandis que l'émigration urbaine prendrait de l'importance. Autant de résultats qui remettent en question le schéma classique de l’exode rural. Dans une perspective comparatiste (Burkina Faso – Côte d'Ivoire), la première partie de cette communication proposera une analyse rétrospective des migrations entre milieux urbain et rural. Exploitant les biographies migratoires de l'EIMU (en Côte d'Ivoire) et de l'EMIUB, on proposera une reconstruction historique de l'évolution de chacun des flux. On montrera ainsi que l'émigration urbaine est un flux ancien même s'il est passé largement inaperçu jusqu'à présent. La deuxième partie de la communication abordera les enjeux théoriques et politiques que soulève l'émergence de l'émigration urbaine. On s'interrogera, d'une part, sur la validité des modèles transitionnels (transition urbaine, transition de la mobilité) auxquels l'émergence de l'émigration semble apporter la contradiction. Il sera question, d'autre part, de la crise ivoirienne et des liens que celle-ci entretient avec l'émergence d'une "classe" d'émigrants urbains en mal d'insertion aussi bien en ville que dans les villages.
L'émergence d'une migration féminine autonome du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain au Burkina FASO ?
Get PDFDans cet article, nous utilisons les données de l’enquête nationale "Dynamique migratoire, insertion urbaine et environnement au Burkina Faso – 2000" pour vérifier l'hypothèse de l'émergence d'une migration féminine autonome du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain au Burkina Faso. La migration "autonome" est définie comme une migration visant à satisfaire des objectifs économiques individuels. Nous montrons que la migration autonome n’explique que partiellement la recrudescence des migrations de femmes célibataires du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain. Les migrations de femmes mariées, qui restent prépondérantes entre le milieu rural et le milieu urbain au Burkina Faso, répondent essentiellement, quant à elles, à des impératifs familiaux. Cependant, on observe que le mariage avec un migrant peut, dans certains cas, répondre à des objectifs économiques individuels. Finalement, les changements relevés apparaissent assez subtiles et s’inscrivent plutôt dans la continuité.
Spouse-sharing and Experiences with Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among the Okun of Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper examines the practice of spouse sharing and its influence on having multiple sex partners and self-reported STD experiences among the Okun people of Nigeria. It also examines the coping strategies of the people with respect to STDs. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires to 1029 respondents (518 men and 511 women) and through focus group discussions. Respondents who participate in spouse sharing are more likely to have more sex partners simultaneously than those who do not, and multiple sexual partnering is a significant risk factor in the reporting of STD experience. Knowledge of the link between risky sexual practices involving multiple sexual partnerships and the prevalence of STDs is poor. Although most respondents are knowledgeable about the symptoms of STDs like gonorrhea and syphilis, and to a lesser extent HIV/AIDS, they are less informed about how best to prevent these diseases. The use of condoms is low among the men while a strong confidence is expressed in traditional medicine and self-protective practices with unproven efficacy. The study recommends the provision of more information, education and communication to expand knowledge of STDs, and the probable impact of spouse sharing in fueling the spread of STDs, including HIV/AIDS
Intra-Rural Fertility Determinants in Zimbabwe: A Path Analysis Intra-Rural Fertility Determinants in Zimbabwe: A Path Analysis
No full textStudies on spatial fertility differentials in sub-Sahara Africa normally treat the rural sector as a single and uniform geographical entity. This approach, unfortunately, tends to mask differences, which may exist between components of the rural sub-sectors. This empirical study, based on both quantitative analyses and participatory methodologies, has stratified one rural district in southwestern Zimbabwe, into communal lands and resettlement schemes, in order to investigate the fertility differentials at intra-rural levels. The working hypothesis is that because the respective rural sub-areas differ in their levels of socioeconomic development, the relative impacts of the determinants of fertility should reflect these differences. Data on fertility patterns and their correlates were extracted from 1,542 married mothers, within the ages of 15-49, in the rural district. 832 of these were from the resettlement areas and 710 were selected from communal lands. Results from a descriptive bivariate model confirmed that resettlement areas have higher fertility than the communal lands. The present study utilizes path analysis, which is considered appropriate for investigating the direct and indirect causes of fertility differentials. It is shown that direct and indirect effects on fertility do not always operate uniformly between the two rural sub-sectors. On the basis of the findings, conclusions and recommendations are drawn
Cohabitation in Botswana: An Alternative or a Prelude
Get PDFGiven the recent increase in the prevalence of cohabiting unions in Botswana, this paper speculates on the role this type of union plays in contemporary Botswana family system. The analysis is based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative data from the 2001 Cohabitation Survey and the 1996 Botswana Family Health Survey respectively. The overall results reveal that cohabitation differs from marriage in terms of socio-legal status and the reproductive behaviour of women in cohabiting unions. The paper further presents evidence that, of the three common interpretations of cohabitation - an alternative to marriage, a temporary phase before marriage and an alternative to being single - cohabitation in Botswana can be viewed as a temporary phase before marriage. Against this evidence, the paper concludes that while the increasing prevalence of cohabitation does not threaten the institution of marriage in Botswana, it results in delays in timing of marriage.
Prevalence and predictors of unsolicited exposure to and involvement in online sexual activites among young Internet users in Lagos metropolis
Get PDFoai:aps.journals.ac.za/oai:article/3The study draws empirical evidence from adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) and young adults (20 to 24 years) who use the Internet in exploring the relationship between two sets of independent variables – background characteristics and context of Internet use and two sets of dependent variables – unsolicited exposure to online materials with sexual contents, and involvement in online sexual activities. The background characteristics explored in the study are age, sex, autonomy (whether living alone or with parents), access to funds and parent-child communication, while the Internet use context variables are place of access, all-night Internet use and intensity of use. The study reveals that close to half of the subjects had been involved in at least one online sexual activity with intensity and time of Internet use as the strongest predictors of involvement. doi: 10.11564/27-1-
Mortality among Married Men in Rural Kenya and Malawi
Get PDFUsing prospective longitudinal data, this article describes recent changes in the levels of adult mortality among married men aged 20–59 in selected rural areas of Malawi and Kenya, and in the age pattern of their mortality. Sampled areas have, respectively, moderate and high HIV prevalence. The observed annual probability of dying for males interviewed in an initial wave of each study and then reported as deceased in follow-up interviews is 0.031 in Nyanza and 0.016 in Malawi. Compared to life table estimates for equivalent age groups generated from Kenya’s 1989 census and Malawi’s 1987 census, these results represent a 3-fold increase over 1980s census levels. These changes have reduced life expectancy at age 20 by about 14 years in Nyanza and 7 years in Malawi. Observed mortality is consistent with a younger age of HIV infection in Nyanza. Sample characteristics suggest that these levels underestimate the total effect of AIDS on mortality
SPOUSES’ SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of spouses’ education, fertility desires, and marital characteristics on contraceptive use in Kinshasa, Zaire. The results reveal that, while family planning services focus their activities exclusively on women, husbands’ education and fertility desire are very important in explaining the use of birth control in marriage. This male role is crucial in understanding fertility patterns in Africa, where the major familial decisions are made by the husband
