African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Childbearing dynamics among married women of reproductive age in Nigeria: re-affirming the role of education
Get PDFNigeria ranks among the high-fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies that examine relationship between fertility dynamics and education are important to improving maternal and child health. This study uses 2008 NDHS dataset on births history of married women of childbearing age. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazard models. Mean CEB were 6.72 and 4.31 among women with no formal education and higher education respectively. Majority (38.6%) of the women left 24-35 months births-interval. Women with lower education exhibited shorter births-interval and higher completed fertility than more educated women. The Births Progression Hazard Rate from marriage to 1 birth was higher among highly educated women than those with no education, but reverse pattern was observed at higher order births. This pattern barely changes after controlling for other socio-demographic variables. Education remains an important factor in fertility dynamics in Nigeria; therefore, existing policies addressing female education should be sustained
The contribution of the Capability Approach to demographic analysis: lessons learned. Tracking Inequalities
Get PDFIn this concluding paper, we discuss the contribution of the Capability Approach to the “tracking” of inequalities, i.e. focusing on opportunities rather than outcomes and targeting both resources and the means to use these resources. We return to two central dimensions of our analyses: the multiple nature of well-being and the different kinds of means that modulate the unequal individual ability to live a life of quality. We summarize our main results regarding the nature of health and its determinants, the function of services and the multiple meanings of occupation, as well as the role of contextual resources, individual endowments and acquired capacities. A third dimension concerns the role of the global context and what can be said in particular about differences between Mali and Ghana. In the last part, we discuss further developments to improve the tracking of inequalities, first through cross-cutting analyses of different sources of vulnerability and secondly, by making allowance for individual agency
Mortality from non-communicable diseases in South Africa, 1997-2009
Get PDFThere are estimates of the magnitude of non-communicable disease deaths for less developed countries but little is known about the dynamics in Africa. The continent is undergoing unprecedented growth of the elderly population. This raises the need to examine mortality from non-communicable diseases. This study examines mortality attributable to non-communicable diseases in South Africa during the period 1997-2009. The data used are the death records for the period 1997-2009. Standardised crude death rates were computed. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds of dying from non-communicable diseases controlling for covariates. The results indicate that cardiovascular diseases had the highest death rate as immediate or underlying causes of death during the period 1997-2009. Sex, level of education and the type of industry of employment as well as the smoking status of the deceased were found to be significantly associated with the odds of dying from non-communicable diseases in South Africa.
Neighbourhood characteristics and under-five mortality in Nigeria
Get PDFDespite global decline in childhood mortality, under-5 mortality remains high in Nigeria. While many studies have reported individual level factors as important determinants of under-five mortality in Nigeria, similar studies on the effects of neighbourhood contexts have been minimal. Hence, this study examines the effects of neighbourhood contexts on under-5 mortality in Nigeria. Using 2003 and 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data, multilevel Cox regression analysis was performed on a nationally representative sample of 6,028 children (2003 NDHS) and 28,647 children (2008 NDHS). Results indicated neighbourhood context as important factor for child survival.For instance, findings showed that being born or raised in poor neighbourhoods (HR:1.54,p<0.05), rural communities (HR:1.25,p<0.05), and North-eastern region of Nigeria (HR:1.56,p<0.05) was associated with elevated hazards of death before age 5. Findings of this study suggest that achieving improved neighbourhood contexts holds great potentials for acceleration of under-five mortality reduction in Nigeria
Facteurs associés aux longs intervalles intergénésiques au Sénégal. Analyse approfondie de l’EDS-MICS 2010-2011
Get PDFCette étude examine comment certains couples sénégalais atteignent un intervalle intergénésique long malgré une prévalence contraceptive de 13%, toutes méthodes, parmi les femmes en union et contribue à en déterminer les facteurs explicatifs et leur poids relatif. Les facteurs les plus importants sont dans l’ordre: 1) désir de la dernière grossesse; 2) durée de l’aménorrhée post-partum; 3) âge au décès de l’avant-dernier enfant; 4) abstinence post-partum; 5) niveau d’éducation du mari; et 6) survenance de décès fœtal. Des recommandations sont faites par rapport à l’accès aux services de planification familiale et à la réduction de la mortalité infanto-juvénile. Des pistes de recherches futures sont aussi avancées
Echec de l’utilisation des produits contraceptifs chez les femmes de deux districts sanitaires en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFCet article analyse la situation reproductive des femmes sous méthodes contraceptives dans deux districts sanitaires ivoiriens. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective réalisée dans les services de planification familiale (SPF) et de maternité des districts sanitaires d’Adzopé et d’Agboville dans le sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. La méthodologie de collecte des données a consisté à l’analyse de (150) dossiers de femmes fréquentant les SPF et l’exploitation de rapports d’activités des centres de santé. Ensuite, des entretiens ont été effectués, à l’aide d’un guide, avec les sages-femmes et les femmes enceintes. Les résultats établissent une faible couverture contraceptive (2 à 5 %) et le recours fréquent à la contraception orale ; l’échec de la contraception a été traduit par l’abandon des consultations prénatales (34 % à Agboville et 49 % à Adzopé), les accouchements à risques effectués à domicile (19 % à Agboville et 18 % à Adzopé) ainsi que les avortements spontanés (58 cas à Agboville et 240 cas à Adzopé) et provoqués (69 % à Agboville et 146 cas à Adzopé) avec une augmentation (+63%) à Adzopé de 2001 à 2002 chez les utilisatrices de contraceptifs des districts sanitaires
Ubiquitous burden: the contribution of migration to AIDS and Tuberculosis mortality in rural South Africa
Get PDFThe paper aims to estimate the extent to which migrants are contributing to AIDS or tuberculosis (TB) mortality among rural sub-district populations. The Agincourt (South Africa) health and socio-demographic surveillance system provided comprehensive data on vital and migration events between 1994 and 2006. AIDS and TB cause-deleted life expectancy, and crude death rates by gender, migration status and period were computed. The annualised crude death rate almost tripled from 5∙39 [95% CI 5∙13–5∙65] to 15∙10 [95% CI 14∙62–15∙59] per 1000 over the years 1994-2006. The contribution of AIDS and TB in returned migrants to the increase in crude death rate was 78∙7% [95% CI 77∙4–80∙1] for males and 44∙4% [95% CI 43∙2–46∙1] for females. So, in a typical South African setting dependent on labour migration for rural livelihoods, the contribution of returned migrants, many infected with AIDS and TB, to the burden of disease is high.
Trend and determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Ghana
Get PDFThe study examined the trend in contraceptive use among sexually active women of reproductive age in Ghana. The study also investigated the socioeconomic determinants of contraceptive use. Cross tabulations and logistic regression analyses were performed on data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys 1988 - 2008. The results indicate low contraceptive use among women with marked variation in contraceptive use across various socioeconomic groups and administrative regions. Evidence from the logistic regressions suggests that improving education and reducing poverty are critical in improving contraceptive use and reducing unmet need for family planning. Child survival, access to family planning services and knowledge of contraceptive methods were also found to be significant determinants of contraceptive use. The importance of improving financial and infrastructural access to contraceptives was confirmed by the findings of the study.
Determinants of Unmet Need for Modern Contraception and Reasons for Non-use among Married Women in Rural Areas of Burkina Faso
Get PDFBurkina-Faso (TFR=6.0) is among the top-ten high fertility countries world-wide and CPR (15%) among women is low. This study examined the factors associated with non-use of modern contraception among married women residing in the rural areas of Burkina-Faso. The study used 2010 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey data-set and focussed on married women aged 15-49 years (n=7,191). Chi-square and logistic regression techniques were used for the analysis (a=5%). Mean number of living children was significantly higher among women who have UNMC (3.92) than those with met need (3.01). Modern CPR and UNMC among married women was 12.7% and 40.7% respectively. The multivariate analysis reveals that being married more than once increases the likelihood of UNMC (OR=1.304; C.I=1.0821.571, p<0.05). Husbands’ approval of FP is a protective factor of UNMC (OR=0.858; C.I=0.7560.975, p<0.05). Husbands’ approval and health education on benefits of FP are important factors to consider in strategies aimed at reducing UNMC in Burkina-Faso.
Approche des Capabilités et sociabilité. Une étude de la vie associative des jeunes à Bamako (Mali)
Get PDFCet article applique l'approche des Capabilités à l’analyse de la sociabilité des jeunes à Bamako. On examine l’imbrication entre la participation associative et l’entourage familial, et leurs implications en termes d’épanouissement personnel, décrit par la jouissance d’activités récréatives et de temps non structuré. Les données proviennent d’une enquête auprès de 1819 jeunes bamakois de 12 à 30 ans. Les résultats montrent que la participation associative est faible (16%) et constitue un espace d’épanouissement variable selon le quartier de résidence, le sexe, la pratique religieuse et l’occupation. Selon les situations, la combinaison entre la participation associative et la richesse de l’entourage social produit ou gomme les inégalités. En particulier, la participation sociale, quelle que soit sa forme, ne remplit pas un rôle d’épanouissement pour les jeunes travailleurs. D’autre part, la participation associative ne modifie pas le déficit de temps non-structuré des femmes, toutefois ce handicap des femmes est effacé par un entourage riche