African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Mitigating the impact of the epidemic on the households and families of older people in rural Uganda: lessons for social protection
Get PDFUsing quantitative and qualitative data drawn from a population cohort of 20,000 people in South-West Uganda we explored factors (household size/dependency ratios/ residence patterns/ socio-economic status) which may have exacerbated or eased the impact of the AIDS epidemic for older people (70 years and older). We found that higher socio-economic status, large family size and reciprocal relationships with kin/neighbours were particularly important in shielding older people from the negative effects of AIDS-related deaths among their children; elders without these fared badly. Our findings provide pointers for the targeting of social protection for older people in such resource-constrained settings
Factors Associated with full Immunization Coverage amongst children aged 12 – 23 months in Zimbabwe
Get PDFZimbabwe adopted the WHO recommendations to fight childhood vaccine preventable diseases in 1980. However coverage of immunization has not been in line with the global target. This study thus utilized the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) data to analyze the variables of immunization status of children aged 12-23 months in Zimbabwe. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis of the data was performed. The data consisted of 978 children aged 12-23 months from the selected households. Results showed that children of mothers with secondary education and above were more likely to be vaccinated than children of uneducated mothers. Children of the 1st birth order were more likely to be vaccinated than children of birth order 6+. The same positive associations were also observed with Delivery in a health facility, antenatal care visits, frequency of watching television, and wealth status. Regional variations in immunization were also established, at significant level p>0.01. These results depict the importance of socio demographic factors in full immunization and call for increased awareness programs in order to promote completion of immunization schedule
Violence sexuelle en période de guerre: une revue des études empiriques
Get PDFCet article passe en revue l’état des connaissances sur la violence sexuelle en période de conflit armé, ainsi que les différentes méthodologies utilisées. Il examine la littérature théorique et empirique, en utilisant une combinaison de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Les résultats montrent que la violence sexuelleﾠ«structurelle » a ses racines dans diverses institutions sociales qui l’exacerbent en la transformant en violence «conjoncturelle » et qui font obstacle à la prévention et la protection des victimes. La violence sexuelle a des conséquences physiques, psychologiques et sociales graves et peut replonger les victimes dans un cycle de violence. Nos travaux suggèrent que la violence sexuelle devra être analysée en période de conflit aussi bien qu’en période de paix d’où elle tire ses origines. Les analyses devraient couvrir les perspectives des auteurs de violence aussi bien que des victimes, indépendamment de leur sexe
Accelerating and improving survey implementation with mobile technology: Lessons from PMA2020 implementation in Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFLarge-scale nationally representative surveys have traditionally been implemented using paper surveys, necessitating secondary steps of data entry and management after data collection. Errors occurring during data collection or entry may not be rapidly identified. The Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA2020) project implementation in Lagos, Nigeria demonstrates four advantages to integrating mobile technology into survey implementation. First is the rapidity of data collection; data collection lasted six weeks from mapping/listing to final collection – and, since completed surveys are uploaded to a cloud-based server, identification of errors can occur in near real-time. Second, time-stamping and GPS marking allow for improved quality assurance. Third, the inclusion of GPS coordinates creates new opportunities to analyze relationships of distance with use of health services. Fourth, PMA2014/Lagos utilized a 10% resample of households to validate data collection allowing for rapid identification of questionable data and quality control
Fostering the use of quasi-experimental designs for evaluating public health interventions: insights from an mHealth project in Malawi
Get PDFThe evidence base to support the growing field of mHealth is relatively nascent, with most studies lacking the level of rigor needed to inform scale up of interventions. This paper investigates the impact of a maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) mHealth project in Malawi, comparing the intention-to-treat (ITT) and the treatment on the treated (TOT) estimates, and discussing the implications for future evaluations. Services offered included a toll-free case management hotline and mobile messaging service for women and children. The evaluation methods included a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design, consisting of cross-sectional household surveys. A total of 4,230 women were interviewed in the intervention area and 2,463 in the control site. While the intervention did not have any ITT effects of the MNCH outcomes studied, there were large TOT effects. Rigorous evaluation designs can be successfully applied to mHealth pilot projects, helping to understand what works and what does not
Fertility and Household Poverty in Kenya: A Comparative Analysis of Coast and Western Provinces
Get PDFThis paper examined the relationship between household poverty and fertility and tested whether the correlation between these two variables depend on the period and context. Using the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey dataset, a multivariate Poisson regression model was used to show the relationship between household poverty and fertility in Coast and Western provinces. The findings show that household poverty was a key factor in stalling fertility decline in Coast and Western provinces. Education is a significant determinant of fertility in Coast province while its effect diminishes over time in Western province. In both regions, child mortality appears to push up the fertility especially among poor households. Furthermore, the household poverty effects seem to be more pronounced in recent past than in the earlier periods (1989-1998).The study underscores that special attention and a targeting are necessary to meet the needs of the poor and reduce inequalities related to poverty that affect the possibilities of access to education and health services
Determinants of Concordance and Discordance Reporting of Contraceptive Use among Couples in Nigeria: Evidence from NDHS
Get PDFSexual behavior and contraceptive use dynamics within marital union presents a very complex and dyad interpretations. Among the complexities is the possibility of couples’ sexual fidelity to each other, infidelity of either of the partners or both partners. Secondly, are the couples’ approaches to other marital derivatives including fertility and contraceptive use. The analysis examined the determinants of concordance and discordance reporting of contraceptive use among couples in Nigeria with a view to understanding factors in concordance and discordance reporting of contraceptive use. The analysis utilized the 2008 NDHS couples recode dataset. The data were analyzed using Kappa Statistics and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that age, education, wealth index, residence, fertility desire and fertility preference were significant factors predicting concordance reporting of contraceptive use (P<0.05) while work status, wealth status and fertility preference were significant factors predicting discordance reporting of contraceptive use (P<0.05). The analysis concluded that couples concordance reporting of contraceptive use is important in fertility control and in addressing the scourge of HIV/AIDS and other STIs in Nigeria.
Factors associated with HIV testing and receiving results during antenatal care in Tanzania
Get PDFMother to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) control goal is achievable when all pregnant mothers test for HIV and collect the results enabling timely eligibility and access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to determine factors associated with uptake of HIV testing during antenatal care in Tanzania. Using 2011-2012 Tanzania HIV and Malaria Indicator Survey data, 3555 women who attended antenatal clinic and delivered in the last two years were analyzed. One was considered HIV tested if she took HIV test and collected results. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using STATA version 12. High proportion (76%) tested for HIV during antenatal care, factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with testing included receiving information on HIV testing during antenatal care, age, education and wealth. Proportion taking HIV test was high, prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) strategies should focus on increasing information on testing during antenatal care (ANC), targeting the young, less educated and poor
Demographic Transition in Morocco: an application of Easterlin-Crimmins’s model using DHS data
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to shed some light on the dynamics of fertility reduction in the MENA region, analyzing both proximate and latent fertility determinants: DHS data for Morocco from the 2004 round were hence used for this purpose. The main idea behind this application is that the key variable in fertility transition is contraception prevalence and use. The Easterlin-Crimmins method (1985) is a two-stage model of supply and demand. There are two endogenous variables: number of born children (B), and contraception use (U), while the exogenous ones are the costs of regulation, the demand for children, and the proximate determinants of fertility. Results show that contraception is, in fact, the key factor and determinant in fertility transition: ensuring access to contraception is therefore fundamental in reaching the final stage of the transition.