African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
Les risques d’épidémies de choléra liés à la commercialisation et à la consommation des produits maraichers crus à Ouagadougou : Facteurs déterminants et stratégies de réduction de risques
No full textLa ville de Ouagadougou connait fréquemment l’épidémie du choléra. Pour connaître les risques d’épidémies du choléra, nous avons réalisé une étude qui s’est déroulée dans le périmètre maraîcher de Boulmiougou et le quartier de Pissy. L’objectif était de comprendre les facteurs de risques de contamination du choléra dans le circuit de la production, de la commercialisation et de la consommation des légumes crus. Au total, 55 entretiens individuels approfondis, des observations directes et non participantes ont été réalisés auprès des maraîchers, revendeuses, ménagères, traiteurs publics de légumes crus et consommateurs. Les risques de contamination du choléra sont liés à l’ignorance des modes de transmission de la maladie, des produits appropriés pour la désinfection des légumes crus et de l’impureté de l’eau d’arrosage des légumes compte tenu du faible niveau d’éducation, du manque d’argent pour l’achat de désinfectants adéquats et de la non-observation des règles d’hygiène. L’insalubrité des légumes crus est due en partie à l’insuffisance d’informations sur les effets de celle-ci. Ainsi, pour un quartier périphérique comme celui de Pissy, la sensibilisation, l’information de la population, ainsi que la formation des maraîchers de Boulmiougou apparait nécessaire pour une lutte efficace contre le cholér
HIV/AIDS Perceptions and Vulnerability of Democratic Republic of Congo’s Refugees Living in Durban, South Africa
No full textIn South Africa, public perceptions of HIV/AIDS and people living with the virus have changed significantly but the refugees’ communities are mostly left out, creating a sense of fear and vulnerability. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, this study explores HIV/AIDS perception and vulnerability among refugees living in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 31 purposively sampled participants consisting of seven males and 24 females, aged 23 to 60 years. The results from thematic analysis revealed that low perceived risk of HIV infection, fear of knowing HIV status and its associated stigma, lack of HIV prevention information and inadequate knowledge about HIV were the factors that make refugees vulnerable to HIV infection. These findings underscore the need for culturally appropriate HIV treatment, awareness, and education and prevention programmes for refugees living in South Africa, with particular focus on gender and power dynamics within relationship
Geo-spatial Analysis of Adolescents’ Access to and Use of Contraceptives in Osun State, Nigeria
No full textAgainst the background of high and progressively increasing unprotected sexual activities among adolescents generally, this study analyzes the spatial pattern of adolescents’ access to and use of contraceptives in Osun State, Nigeria. It analyses inter and intra-city variations in the distribution of contraceptive outlets and varying levels of access and use of contraceptives by adolescents. Also factors that affect access to and use of contraceptives are analyzed. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data involved the use of handheld GPS to obtain the geographic coordinates of the contraceptive outlets and those of secondary schools. Secondary data include the analogue map of the State collected from the State’s Ministry of Land and Physical Planning, the list of all registered pharmacies in the study area from the State’s Ministry of Health. Also, a total of 1,440 questionnaires were administered to randomly selected adolescents to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, degree of access to contraceptives, and varying types and levels of use of contraceptives. Variation in the distribution of outlets and adolescents’ use of contraceptive was analyzed using GIS tools. The patterns of outlets and secondary schools were mapped. The results showed that there was concentration of contraceptive outlets in the high density residential areas (60%) than in the medium (30%) or low (10%) density residential areas and that with Rn Values of 0.86 and 1.48 respectively for Outlets and schools, there was no spatial causation between pattern of outlets and distribution of schools. Forty-four per cent of adolescents claimed use of contraceptive devices, while 56% did not. Fifty percent of the adolescents stated that societal disapproval is a factor that hinders their use of contraceptives. Further result showed that there was a direct but weak relationship (r = 0.449; p = 0.561) between the pattern of outlets and use of contraceptive in the study area. The study concluded that to reduce the problems associated with adolescents’ reproductive health, there is the need to improve access and right usage of contraceptive
Sub-national Estimates of Human Capital Indicators: Localizing Investments for the Demographic Dividend
Get PDFDeclining fertility in many countries of Africa and Asia combined with a growing proportion of people of working age is opening potential for a demographic dividend in many countries. A demographic dividend is defined as the economic benefit that can arise when a population has a relatively large proportion of working age people coupled with a history of effective human capital investment. Adopting the Global Agenda Council policy framework on achieving a demographic dividend, this research has developed a method for measuring human capital needs at the national and sub-national level by using a “demographic dividend index”. By mapping the dependency ratios and human capital indicators of the districts of Nepal, this paper illustrates an innovative descriptive method for showing policy makers the priority geographic areas for investments that will maximize prospects for a demographic dividend. Besides the identification of priority districts using the index, the research visualizes the spatial distribution of each indicator, as well as further disaggregates the indicators by urban/rural and gender. This disaggregated data are helpful in identifying the key issues within districts, as well as reducing urban/rural and gender inequality in each district level. The findings provide important insights pertaining to place of residence and gender issues
Can Botswana Optimise on Harnessing the Demographic Dividend?
No full textBotswana has entered the window of opportunity as occasioned by the bulging labour force relative to those outside. This paper seeks to give a narrative of Botswana’s population transition and drawing on international experience endeavour to calibrate the extent to which the country might be able to harness the dividend. To this end some variables that impact on the country’s ability to enhance economic growth and development are analysed. The global competitiveness report has been the main source of data used. Graphical presentations have been the mode of analysis used to calibrate on the country’s relative competitiveness in the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The country has shown a trend of a loss of competitiveness against other countries of late, a factor the authors argue could tanish the country’s prospects of harnessing the dividen
The young, educated, minorities and the poor move out from south central Ethiopia
No full textHigh population growth fragmented rural landholdings leading to low harvests and crop yields per acre per annum creating surplus labour that may resort to migration as a coping mechanism in least developing countries including Ethiopia. The main aim of the study is to assess trends and differentials of out-migration in south central Ethiopia. The Butajira demographic surveillance system database from 1987 to 2008 was used to conduct event history analysis. There were 3.97 out-migrations per 100 person years. Probability of out-migration was higher among males, teenagers, the youth, completed primary and secondary plus education; not in marital union; Christians, urbanites; lived in rented and owed house compared to their respective counterparts. The higher chances of out-migration among these groups may have social and economic significance
A century of nuptiality decline in South Africa: A longitudinal analysis of census data
Get PDFThe study uses data from eight censuses conducted between 1970 and 2011 to reconstruct long term trends in terminal celibacy in South Africa. The cohort analysis covers those born between 1870 and 1971. Results show a quasi-stable prevalence of terminal celibacy for cohorts born before 1920, followed by a steep rise. Levels and trends were notably different for the four population groups. Black/Africans had the highest level at endpoint (50% celibate), despite lower levels at onset, followed by Coloured (34%). Indian/Asian had the lowest level at endpoint (14%). White/European had highest levels at onset, and intermediate values at endpoint (17%). Differences were large by ethnicity, Zulu and Swazi having the highest prevalence of terminal celibacy (60%). Correlations with development were complex, with higher values among persons with lower education, and those living in urban areas, and lower values among those who were employed. Overall, cultural factors dominated the rise in terminal celibacy in South Africa
Dynamics of marriage and infertility in South Africa An analysis of census data
No full textThe study presents an analysis of long-term trends in terminal celibacy and primary infertility in South Africa. Sources of data were four population censuses conducted in 1996, 2001, 2007 and 2011, which cover cohorts of women born between 1900 and 1971 (women age 40 years and above at time of census). Terminal celibacy was defined as not being married, widowed or divorced at time of census. Primary infertility was defined as not having had any live birth at time of census. Results showed complex dynamics of both infertility and celibacy. Infertility first declined for cohorts born before 1940 then increased. Celibacy first declined for cohorts born before 1920, then increased. All dynamics varied by population group, by ethnic group, by area of residence, by province of residence, and by level of education. A multivariate analysis indicated that being never-married was the most important factor of infertility, explaining about half of cases. Dynamics of marriage and infertility are discussed in light of the complex population history of the country in the 20th century. Cultural factors appear critical for explaining levels and trends of celibacy and infertility, far above any socio-economic factor.
Lieu du décès au Burkina : influence des caractéristiques sociodémographiques et environnementales
No full textCet article explore les facteurs associés au lieu de décès au Burkina Faso à partir des données de mortalité du système de surveillance démographique et de santé de Kaya (Kaya HDSS). Un modèle de régression logistique multiniveau à intercept aléatoire est utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs associés au lieu de décès. Plus de la moitié des décès (55%) surviennent à domicile. En analyse bivariée, l’âge, le milieu de résidence, la distance par rapport au centre de santé et la cause de décès sont statistiquement associées au lieu de décès. Les personnes âgées (50 ans et +) sont plus nombreux à décéder à domicile par rapport aux autres groupes d’âges (66,81% contre 35,9% chez les 5-14 ans et 44,9% chez les moins de 5 ans; p =0,001). Les résultats multivariés confirment l’effet de l’âge, du milieu de résidence, du quintile de niveau de vie et de la cause de décès. La forte proportion des décès à domicile interpelle les décideurs du système de santé et incite à développer davantage de programmes visant à adapter l’offre des soins aux besoins des populations
Demographic pressure and development in a gender perspective: a focus on sub-Saharan Africa
No full textHigh fertility and demographic pressure – combined with lack of gender equality and women’s empowerment - may put in doubt development. The aim of our analysis is to study the role played by both the demographic pressure and social behavior on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the sub-Saharan Africa. After analyzing the territorial variability of HDI among and into some countries at district level in years around 1990, 2000 and 2010, we intend to understand if there is some form of association between Municipal Human Development Index and some indicators of socio-demographic structure.The hypothesis we want to verify is that the higher the level of demographic pressure (expressed by dependency ratios) and the worse the social context, the lower the level of development, according to the approach of “demographic window”. This study enriches the literature by exploring the effect of the demographic window of opportunity on economic growth at district level within some countries of sub-Saharan Africa, in relationship with some indicators of women’s status and gender equality as proxies of women’s empowerment. Our results demonstrate a negative effect of the dependent population (young and old people) and a positive effect of indices of women’s empowerment on development.In the model explaining the relation between development, dependency ratios and women’s empowerment at local level, the inclusion of the dummies of the countries does not change the effects of the covariates, thus suggesting that the former relationships are not mediated through the country-time variable