Open Access-Zeitschriften an der WWU Münster (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität)
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Between Conformity and Transgression: Gender Expression in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando
No full textVirginia Woolf’s presentation of Orlando in the novel Orlando: A Biography allows for a wide range of interpretations of gender and identity and therefore lends itself to various approaches within Queer Theory. While most analyses focus on the protagonist\u27s efforts of deconstructing gendered expectations through subversive practices, this paper also highlights the importance of Orlando\u27s deliberate efforts of passing as male or female. By combining Judith Butler\u27s ideas on gender performativity with the framework of passing, a close textual analysis of the gendered codes regarding dress, behavior, and societal expectations portrayed in the novel reveals how both conformity and nonconforming strategies expose the performative nature of Orlando\u27s gender. Consequently, interpreting these insights against the backdrop of a fluid, androgynous understanding of identity shows how Orlando does not only represent a significant example of breaking gender essentialism and highlighting its performative nature, but also anticipates modern views expanding beyond the gender binary
The Limits of Sensory Knowledge: Discussing the Anonymous Arts Master’s Views on Aristotle’s De Anima
No full textThe reliability of sensory knowledge, and whether perception accurately reflects the external world, is a perennial philosophical problem. This essay examines the Anonymous Arts Master’s text, “Questions on De Anima I–II,” a work dated to approximately 1270. The analysis focuses primarily on the second book and the 17th question posed by the author: “How does sense know that the object sensed has a different being from its being that is conjoined to sense?” (pp. 76) In posing this, the Anonymous Arts Master addresses a fundamental epistemological issue: the distinction between external reality and its mental representation. Whether we know that the outside world is actually different from its projection in our mind, and he asks if we can trust our senses, which build this perception of the outside. The author addresses a significant issue within epistemology, the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and acquisition of knowledge. This essay will first outline the problem, then provide relevant historical context for the author\u27s position, and finally, critically discuss the question within its historical and philosophical framework
AI Ecosystems: Contents and Challenges
No full textDie rasante Entwicklung Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) hat das Potential die Art, wie Unternehmen arbeiten und Wert schöpfen zu verändern. Doch wer sind die zentralen Akteure in dieser KI-Revolution, und wie gestalten sich ihre Beziehungen zueinander? KI-Ökosysteme bilden das komplexe institutionelle Gefüge, in dem KI erforscht, entwickelt und eingesetzt wird – ein dynamisches Dienstleistungsnetzwerk aus Befähigern, Produzenten, und Anwendern.
Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Struktur und Funktionsweise von KI-Ökosystemen anhand dreier Schlüsselelemente: klassische Unternehmensnetzwerke, digitale Plattformen und innovative Ökosysteme. Dabei wird deutlich, wie insbesondere die großen Technologieunternehmen (Hyperscaler) durch ihre Kontrolle über zentrale Infrastrukturen zunehmend beide Welten orchestrieren: sowohl die Netzwerke der KI-Befähiger als auch die entstehenden KI-Produktwelten.
Diese Entwicklung birgt Chancen und Risiken: Einerseits ermöglicht sie weitreichende Innovationen und neue Geschäftsmodelle, andererseits entstehen neue Abhängigkeiten und Machtkonzentrationen. Für Unternehmen und politische Entscheidungsträger ergeben sich daraus zentrale Fragen: Wie lassen sich die Potenziale von KI nutzen, ohne in problematische Abhängigkeiten zu geraten? Welche Regulierung braucht es, um Innovation zu fördern und gleichzeitig faire Wettbewerbsbedingungen zu gewährleisten? Der Beitrag bietet Orientierung in diesem komplexen Spannungsfeld und zeigt Handlungsoptionen für Unternehmen und Politik auf.The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the way companies operate and create value. But who are the key players in this AI revolution, and how do their relationships with each other work? AI ecosystems form the complex institutional structure in which AI is researched, developed, and deployed – a dynamic service network of enablers, producers, and users.
This article analyzes the structure and functioning of AI ecosystems based on three key elements: traditional corporate networks, digital platforms, and innovative ecosystems. It becomes clear how large technology companies (hyperscalers) in particular are increasingly orchestrating both worlds through their control of central infrastructures: both the networks of AI enablers and the emerging AI product worlds.
This development presents both opportunities and risks: on the one hand, it enables far-reaching innovations and new business models, but on the other hand, it creates new dependencies and concentrations of power. This raises key questions for companies and policymakers: How can the potential of AI be exploited without creating problematic dependencies? What regulation is needed to promote innovation while ensuring fair competition? This article provides guidance in this complex area of tension and outlines options for action for companies and policymakers
Efficacy of Clear Aligners in Controlling Tooth Movement - Overcoming the Limitations of Aligners in Orthodontics
Full text linkAIM: To investigate the effectiveness of clear aligners in orthodontic treatments, focusing on rotations, vertical adjustments, and three-dimensional changes.
METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed database was conducted using keywords related to clear aligners and orthodontic tooth movements. The search, limited to English-language articles published between 2009 and 2024, for subjects aged 19 and older, yielded 58 articles. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 relevant articles were selected.
RESULTS: Rotational corrections for canines and premolars varied in accuracy, with distal rotations being more challenging. Rotations over 15° significantly reduced maxillary canine correction accuracy. Vertical movements showed higher accuracy in incisor extrusion and molar intrusion, being more effective at closing bites. No significant difference was found between Invisalign optimized and conventional attachments. Aligners supported mesiodistal and buccolingual movements and dental arch expansion, though these often involved tipping.
CONCLUSION: Clear aligners are effective for various orthodontic tooth movements, despite variability in predictability and outcomes. Improving results involves optimising attachment designs, frequent aligner changes, and personalised treatment plans. Clear aligners remain a promising orthodontic alternative, with ongoing research aimed at enhancing precision
„Er sitzt zur rechten Gottes“: Kampffelder und Topoi des ‚rechten Christentums‘. Skizze eines Projekts
Full text linkDer Beitrag versteht sich als Darstellung eines anvisierten Projektvorhabens. Dieses Projekt setzt sich mit dem Phänomen des rechten Christentums auseinander, das sich als Negativfolie zu einem als links wahrgenommenen Mainstream-Christentum versteht und in Deutschland wesentlich durch die Bewegung der ‚Neuen Rechten‘ orchestriert wird. Durch den Ausgriff auf christliche Symbolbestände soll das christliche Ethos insgesamt für die eigene politische Agenda fruchtbar gemacht werden. Im Projektvorhaben sollen dabei akademische Positionen untersucht werden, die aus dem Umfeld der Neuen Rech-ten stammen. Als zentrale Topoi dieses ‚rechten Christentums‘ erscheinen dabei Politisierung, Anthropologie sowie innere und äußere Feinde. So wird die Kritik an Universalismus, Inklusion, Genderfragen und Liberalismus mit Abgrenzung gegenüber „fremden“ Religionen, insbesondere dem Islam verbunden. Historische und gegenwärtige Strömungen reichen von konservativ-lutherischen Linien über naturrechtlich orientierten Katholizismus bis hin zu genuin neurechten Deutungen. Insbesondere in Auseinandersetzung mit dem christlichen Universalismus scheint das Projekt an argumentatorische Spannungen zu geraten. Derartige Spannungen weiter auszuloten, um auf ihrer Basis eine Grundlage für eine normativ geleitete kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem ‚rechten Christentum‘ zu ermöglichen Ziel des avisierten Projektes sein.
This article is intended as a presentation of a planned project. This project deals with the phenomenon of right-wing Christianity, which sees itself as a negative foil to mainstream Christianity, perceived as left-wing, and is orchestrated in Germany primarily by the ‘New Right’ movement. By drawing on Chris-tian symbols, the Christian ethos as a whole is to be made fruitful for its own political agenda. The project aims to examine academic positions that originate from the New Right milieu. The central topoi of this ‘right-wing Christianity’ appear to be politicization, anthropology, and internal and external enemies. Criticism of universalism, inclusion, gender issues and liberalism is thus linked to a distinction from “foreign” religions, especially Islam. Historical and contemporary trends range from conservative Lutheran lines to natural law-oriented Catholicism to genuinely New Right interpretations. Particularly in its examination of Christian universalism, the project seems to encounter argumentative tensions. The aim of the proposed project is to further explore such tensions in order to use them as a basis for a normatively guided critical examination of ‘right-wing Christianity’
Kleines Fach zwischen allen Stühlen: Ein Einwurf vom Rand der Pastoraltheologie
Full text linkDie sogenannten kleinen Fächer innerhalb der Theologie führen von Natur aus ein Dasein „zwischen allen Stühlen“. Die Ostkirchenkunde ist ein solches Fach, das historisch und aktuell Brücken baut innerhalb theologischer Disziplinen, aber auch interdisziplinär und im Wissenschaftstransfer. Der Beitrag zeigt Chancen und Herausforderungen eines solchen „Dazwischens“ auf und ermutigt zu einem aktiveren Gespräch zwischen Ostkirchenkunde und Pastoraltheologie.
The so-called minor subjects within theology inherently occupy a position “between two stools”. Eastern Church Studies is one such subject that historically and currently builds bridges within theological disciplines, but also interdisciplinarily and in the transfer of knowledge. This article highlights the opportunities and challenges of such an “in-between” position and encourages a more active dialogue between Eastern Church Studies and Pastoral Theology