Atharva Scientific Publications (E-Jounals)
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Clinicoepidemiological profile and outcome of pyogenic liver abscess in children up to 12 years age
No full textBackground: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is common in the Indian pediatric population and is an under-researched topic. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the clinicoepidemiological profile of PLA in children and to evaluate the outcome in terms of mortality, prolonged hospital stay (>3 weeks), and complications during a 1-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective observational cohort study conducted in the pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 59 children of either sex up to 12 years of age were enrolled in the study. Associations of outcomes and various clinical symptoms were assessed using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The median age was 7 years (ranging from 3 to 12 years) with a male preponderance (64.41%). Fever (94.91%) was the most common presenting symptom. A majority (61%) of the abscesses were found in the right lobe. Ultrasonography (USG) was the mainstay of diagnosis. About 54.23% of children were managed only medically, while 23.73% and 22.03% of children underwent USG-guided pigtail insertion and percutaneous aspiration, respectively, in addition to intravenous antibiotics. Pus and blood culture obtained from the abscess site that was sterile in more than 50% of cases. The mean duration of hospital stay was 15.34±4.71 days. There were 3 (5.08%) mortalities. The type of intervention done was shown to have a significant association with the length of hospital stay, mortality, complications, and findings on follow-up USG. Conclusions: The PLA is an important cause of morbidity in children below 12 years of age. If not managed appropriately, it may lead to rupture and mortality
A rare case report of the left side hydrocele with scrotal calculi
No full textScrotal calculi correspond to the presence of freely floating or located calcifications lying between the layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testes. In the hydrocele fluid, scrotal calculi are found incidentally during ultrasound, operation, or clinical if large in size. A 60-year-old man presented with a left scrotal swelling. He had a history of mild pain while walking. Physical examination of the patient revealed a 12 cm × 8 cm cystic, fluctuant, transilluminate swelling without cough impulse. In ultrasonography, it was suggestive of free fluid with fine internal echo in the left tunica. After incising the tunica vaginalis, evidence of 250 mL of an amber-colored fluid was evacuated and a small round, 0.5 cm sized. The patient recovered well and the post-operative period was uneventful. If the stone is adherent to the tunica albuginea and does not change position on ultrasonography, the possibility of a tumor has to be in mind
Mishaps to baby teeth: Report of a case and review of literature
No full textChildren have a habit of placing various objects in their mouths as a part of normal development. Accidental ingestion or embedment of the object in hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity is commonly encountered. A thorough history and clinical and radiographic examination aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning in such cases. The present article describes foreign body impaction in the primary tooth of a young child and its successful management along with a review of literature highlighting cases of foreign objects in primary dentition and their retrieval
Plummer–Vinson syndrome in celiac disease
No full textThe association of Plummer–Vinson syndrome (PVS) and celiac disease is not widely reported. Both entities have associated iron deficiency anemia. The following case report signifies that the diagnosis of celiac enteropathy must be kept in mind in every iron deficiency case that we encounter, principally when associated with Plummer–Vinson. We report two cases which emphasize the need for definitive screening for celiac disease in outdoor patients with PVS
Vaccination in preterm infants: An Indian prospective
Full text linkAlthough available literature on vaccination in preterm infants supports timely vaccination without any correction for birth weight or gestation, a delay is still noted. Unfortunately, this group often suffers from various vaccine-preventable diseases with increased severity, especially in lower-middle-income countries. All this could be attributed to unavailability of robust evidence and clear guidelines related to vaccination. A current review article summarizes the available evidence on the use of these vaccines, their immune response, common myths and facts about vaccination in preterm infants in the Indian context. Authors conclude that the vaccines in preterm infants are equally safe, effective, and immunogenic as compared to full-term infants; hence, they should be vaccinated following the same schedule as of their counterparts who born full term. Only exception to this is hepatitis B vaccine, where additional doses should be administered to infants with weight <2000 g, apart from the birth dose
A rare mutation in alkaptonuria patient
No full textAlkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutation in enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase resulting in accumulation of homogentisic acid. The homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene has been mapped to chromosome 3q21- q23 and comprises 14 exons. A wide variety of causative mutations has been reported. Here, we are presenting a case report of a 2-year-old male child with a history of dark black-brown spots of urine on diaper with c.674G>C (p.Arg225Pro) mutation at exon 10 of HGD gene. The observed variant had a minor allele frequency of 0.0200% and 0.0004% in 1000 genomes and gnomAD database, respectively
Neurogenic bladder in an adolescent managed by vesicostomy
No full textThe child with a neuropathic or neurogenic bladder requires dedicated care throughout his/her lifetime. Every patient presents with a unique physiology and each phase in their life brings along varying challenges. The primary concern is their renal health, but continence and independence also play significant roles. Although most patients can be managed conservatively, a number of surgical options are also available to manage incontinence. Appropriate pre-surgical planning is required to ensure that the best treatment may be provided. It is important to understand associated potential complications. Long-term follow-up and surveillance are required in all patients. We report a case of an 18-year-old male child who was operated at the age of 6 months for lumbosacral myelomeningocele and was lost to follow-up and later presented with incontinence
Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases: A Review
Full text linkPeriodontitis is one of the inflammatory-infectious diseases of the oral cavity, which results in an alteration in the production of host inflammatory mediators. Oral cavity has plentiful diverse bacteria that can spread different sites of the body particularly in immune compromised individuals and results in various systemic diseases. As the oral cavity is the mirror image of our systemic health, hence maintenance of oral health is equally important. This paper reviews the etiology of periodontitis and systemic relation
Oral Health Acquaintance, Approach and Practices among Schoolteachers in Bhopal, Central India
Full text linkBackground: Education of oral health awareness to schoolchildren is important. School teachers can play a major role in imparting knowledge of the causes and prevention ofcommon oral diseases. A school-based program is most effective because children are approached at a time when their health habits are forming. Aims: This study was aimed to assess the acquaintance, approach and practices of schoolteachers toward oral hygiene and oral health in Bhopal city. Materials and methods: Present study is cross-sectional, questionnaire-based , stratified random sampling technique was smeared to obtain the desired sample size. Three hundred and five teachers were selected from 14 different schools of Bhopalcity. Results: Around 130 (83.9%) of the teachers of private schools alleged oral health plays an imperative role in general health but 82 (54.7%) of government schoolteachers only agree to foresaid fact regarding oral health and overall health (χ2 = 40.294, df = 3, p < 0.001). A total of 96 (61.9%) of the teachers in private and 44 (29.3%) of teachers in government schools used fluoridated toothpaste and 31 (20%) and 40 (26.7%) of the teachers used nonfluoridated toothpaste and the remaining were not concerned about the status of toothpaste, whether fluoridated or nonfluoridated (χ2 = 40.722, df = 5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Teachers essentially need to be invigorated to improve their responsiveness on sound oral health information, approaches and behaviors. This will facilitate their role as school oral health education providers
Extraction as an indicator of dental oral health of a population
Full text linkIntroduction: In dental clinics, the dental extraction is one of the most routine procedure. There are a number of reasons to extract a tooth, but based on the literature, the main reasons listed are: caries, periodontal diseases and extraction for further orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at one of the largest clinics in the country. 327 clinical cases documented with periapical radiographs were included in the study and were analyzed in detail to find the reason of extraction. Once identified radiographic reasons for extraction, scored individual ones of the three major groups: endodontic reasons, periodontal reasons and other reasons. Results: The first group represented by 50% of extractions, with caries as primary cause. The second group represented by 30% of extractions, with periodontal diseases as the primary cause. Group III represented by 20% of extractions with many different reasons, other than those two above groups. Caries was the main cause for extraction in the age group 20-40 years and above 70 years, whereas in the age 40-70 years old more than 50% teeth were extracted because of periodontal reasons. Conclusion: The financial cost of replacing an extracted tooth, as with prosthetic methods or with implants, has led the extraction to be evaluated as the first choice in the absence of funds; having devoted more attention to improving oral hygiene, the use of prophylactic methods, as well as more detailed analysis in finding alternative treatments, which lead to increased longevity of a tooth