Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
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PLA compounds for manufacturing of fossil-free filaments for 3D printing
No full textThe two polymers most widely used in 3D printing are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylacic acid (PLA). It is of great importance to reduce the use of the
fossil-based ABS by substituting it with a material with less environmental impact, such as the bio-based PLA. The brittleness of PLA is however a drawback that
limits the use of the material. The aim of this master’s thesis is to obtain PLA-based compounds, suitable for 3D printing, with enhanced properties which makes it possible to replace, at least to some extent, fossil-based filaments.
From evaluating the state of the art it was concluded that thermoplastic poyurethane (TPU) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) are additives that can reduce the brittleness of PLA. Five different compounds (PLA,PLA+2%ATBC, PLA+2%TPU,PLA+5%TPU and PLA+12%TPU) were produced by extrusion and their properties were characterized using DSC, capillary viscometry, impact test and tensile test. All compounds showed transition temperatures similar to pure PLA and suitable
viscosity at the shear rates used in 3D printing. With respect to the transition temperatures of the compounds and their viscosity, all the compounds are potentially
suitable filaments for 3D printing.
The addition of 2% ATBC and 2% TPU did not improve the impact strength or the properties obtained from the tensile test significantly. The impact strength was
improved by the addition of 5% and 12% TPU and the tensile test showed that these compounds increased the elongation at break and decreased Young’s modulus, which
indicates that these compounds are more ductile than pure PLA. It can therefore be concluded that PLA+5%TPU and PLA+12%TPU are the compounds investigated
in this project that could be suitable to use as 3D printing filaments. Additional investigations, in particular of the morphology and miscibility of the compounds, are however necessary to verify the results and to further understand the properties
of the compounds
BIM som kontraktshandling - Juridikens inverkan på digitala leveranser av BIM-modeller
No full textOmsättningen i byggbranschen ökade med 71% mellan åren 2006–2016. Samtidigt har en digitalisering skett i byggbranschen, då även digital teknik har utvecklats under tiden. Trots denna utveckling har metoden för hur information levereras och presenteras i byggprojekt inte förändrats. Informationen är i form av ritningar som kompletteras med beskrivningar för att förklara det som inte framgår av ritningarna.
Nuvarande teknik möjliggör att denna information kan redovisas digitalt, med byggnadsinformationmodellering – BIM. Inom projektering används BIM-modeller allt mer eftersom det har många fördelar, exempelvis kollisionskontroll, och ur dessa framställs ritningar. Det har genomförts pilotprojekt där BIM-modeller har använts för att leverera informationen. Därmed kan det anses vara ett ineffektivt arbetssätt att framställa ritningar ur BIM-modeller.
Det finns standardkontrakt som används och är framtagna av byggbranschen för att avtala affärer. I dessa nämns inte BIM eller digital information. Det har lett till att detta examensarbete ska undersöka om eventuella entreprenadjuridiska utmaningar existerar för BIM som kontraktshandling. Detta genom att först läsa in sig på ämnet med en litteraturstudie, studera BIM-orienterade projekt, en intervjustudie och en enkät. Utifrån resultatet från intervjuerna med en koppling till litteraturstudien har en reflektion gjorts och en slutsats har sammanställts.
Resultaten från intervjuerna visade att merparten av respondenterna inte anser juridiken vara ett problem för digitala leveranser av BIM-modeller. En inkorporering av BIM och digital information i standardavtalen anses dock vara nödvändig för att fler ska våga sig på detta arbetssätt. Problemen till varför BIM och digitala leveranser inte blivit ett utbrett arbetssätt ligger snarare i att det inte finns någon gemensam standard, beställare och förvaltare måste sluta kräva ritningar och att byggbranschen är en konservativ bransc
An explorative study on the application of control mechanisms on algorithms in industry 4.0.
No full textBusiness Models for Distributed Cloud Application of Crowdsourcing for Business Model Development - a Study at Ericsson AB
No full textAn increased use of information technology has enabled new opportunities for companies to
interact both internally and externally, resulting in new organizational processes that better
capture the need of customers. One of these processes is crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing has
recently seen an uptake in both practice and research. However, companies still struggle to
incorporate employees into strategic activities, and future research on crowdsourcing is called
for. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to analyse the participation rate and results of an
internal crowdsourcing initiative at Ericsson AB. This was achieved by addressing three
research questions; what are the essential components of a business model for distributed
cloud? What variables may influence the participation rate in an internal crowdsourcing
initiative? What variables may influence the results of an internal crowdsourcing initiative?
To meet this purpose and to answer these research questions, both qualitative and quantitative
methods were used. Interviews were held in order to address the first research question, and
statistical data analyses were conducted to answer the other two research questions.
In total, seven hypotheses were formulated. Five hypotheses were supported by the statistical
analyses, i.e., presence of monetary incentives increases the participation rate in
crowdsourcing; the higher the perceived non-conformity (independence and criticality), the
higher the participation in crowdsourcing; the presence of a moderator effect of monetary
incentives on non-conformity (independence * criticality) decreases participation in
crowdsourcing; the presence of a disruption setting in a crowdsourcing initiative increases the
novelty of the resulting business models; the presence of a disruption setting in a
crowdsourcing initiative decreases the workability of the resulting business models.
Factors affecting the participation rate and the results of a crowdsourcing initiative have been
identified in this study, which may be of great importance for similar studies in the future.
However, further research on crowdsourcing initiatives in other companies and with other
contexts are called for