Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
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B cells maturation in infancy and its affect in early allergy
No full textThe last decades, the presence of allergy has increased in countries belonging to the Western world and over 25 % of Swedish young people are affected of allergic symptoms. One reasonable explanation is the hygiene hypothesis, mentioned by David Strachan 1989, that associate the increase in allergy development with a cleaner lifestyle. Previous studies showed that children who grew up on a farm with animals had a more maturated immune system and therefore developed less allergy. With samples received from the study named Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment(NICE),I have studied the B cells maturation during early time in life.
By studying subpopulations of B cells, specific surface markers are stained with fluorochromes to be analysed with a flow cytometer. Thus, the development of B cell subpopulations from birth up to 4 months can be charted. Several surface markers can indicate the same subpopulation, i.e. CD27+ and CD24hiCD38lo that are expressed by memory B cells. However, the percentage differ from each other and the most liable reason is that the surface markers have different functions in the B cells, and are therefore not only expressed during one phase of the development of B cells.
My results shows that the development of percentage of subpopulations of B cells differ from each other from birth up to 4 months. Correlation tests indicate that CD27+ and CD24hiCD38lo could both be used to detect memory B cells. Correlation tests at number of subpopulations had higher correlation coefficient and were strongly significant at birth. Therefore, it would be interesting to continue the analysis of numbers of B cells populations at 48h, 1, 4 and 12 months of life.
In the NICE study, so far 452 children have been examined for allergy and 6.2 % suffered from eczema, 2.4 % of food allergy and 6.2 % of the children had developed asthmaat1yearofage. Inthisthesis, there was no significant associations between B cell maturity and the development of allergy
In-line monitoring of powder blend homogeneity in continuous drug manufacture using near infrared spectroscopy
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Collaborative Learning and Innovation - A Way to Overcome Inertia in Construction
No full textThe purpose of this research is to explore the reasons for low rate of innovation and their corresponding resolutions in the Swedish construction industry from clients and consultants perspectives. Various practices of collaborative innovation, i.e. product/service innovation, process innovation, organization innovation, have been observed. Qualitative interviews with academic experts, consultants and clients in the industry were held and were compared to
literature. By applying Absorptive Capacity framework (ACAP), a comprehensive understanding of innovation development and collaborative learning in case study organizations was obtained. Essential role of factors in ACAP, such as social integration mechanism as well as
transformation and exploitation, are recognized. The findings focus on the issues attributed to production dynamics, as opposed to market dynamics, where characteristics of the construction process, namely project organization, unique project and long project horizon contribute to inertia. Furthermore, collaborative practices that may resolve the inertia are found to be
knowledge flow, innovation leaders, innovation arena and collaborative business relationships. In addition, digitalization and long-term financial and environmental sustainability are identified as main drivers of collaborative innovation
