Fraunhofer Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics
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A DEEP CONVERSATION WITH NATURE ELEMENT - Combination of Architecture and Forest Bathing
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Dynamic Study of LNG Fuel Gas Supply Systems
No full textLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is an alternative fuel which is gaining popularity in the
marine sector due to tougher emission regulations coming into effect in the year 2020.
Due to the increased demand of marine LNG fuel, new larger scale gas supply systems
are being developed. In this report, dynamic simulations of two new marine LNG fuel gas
supply systems have been developed in HYSYS to study the control, buffer capacity and
characteristics of the new systems. The evaluation has mainly been made by simulating
various critical scenarios, such as emergency loadup, emergency shutdown, compressor
start and low operating pressure. A control strategy has been made for the pumps and
the compressor but not for the minimum flow line. Findings from the simulations show
that the control strategy is able to handle most system changes without disruptions to the
engines. It was also observed that the use of a buffer vessel alleviated disturbances but it
was not deemed to be a necessity in a well tuned system
A Desulphurization Study of Sour Gas in Petroleum Refining
No full textIn this work, a detailed comparison of three desulphurization methods (chemical solvents,
physical solvents, and solid beds) are evaluated, with focus on proposing a suitable gas
sweetening method applicable to the vacuum distillation off-gases in Nynas Gothenburg
refinery. To obtain necessary input data for the evaluation, a gas measurement method was
developed to extract gases using a modified gas syringe with check valves. The extracted gases
were analysed to detect their concentrations using colorimetric gas detection tubes coupled with
a tube hand pump. The compounds measured are hydrogen sulphide, mercaptan, ethyl
mercaptan, carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, sulphur dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen.
The experiments were carried out on two separate dates while the refinery was on two different
drift modes, mode 200 and mode 412. The measured concentrations showed that with drift
mode 200, hydrogen sulphide is 45 ppm, and mercaptans >24000 ppm (>2.4 w/w%).
For drift mode 412, the concentration for both hydrogen sulphide and mercaptan were above
detection limit (>1000ppm). However, with the use of a triazine physical solvent Prosweet, the
concentration of hydrogen sulphide was measured to be 3 ppm, and mercaptans 50 ppm, with
85w/w% of the mercaptans being ethyl mercaptan.
Based on this data, the most effective desulphurization method according to literature is solid
beds, specifically molecular sieves. However, this method needs to be verified by
desulphurization experiment for the specific case before an engineering study of its feasibility
can be performed. Based on the data available in this evaluation, the proposed method for Nynas
Gothenburg is therefore a physical solvent, specifically triazine, although this method also
requires further testing, in particular with the new feed stock “Europa”, to verify the
effectiveness of the method, before applying it in the refinery
TEMPORALITIES – Flexibility and adaption in large scale structures - in connection with the 2024 Paris Olympics
No full textCharacterization of Photodegradable Polymers for UV-triggered Release from Microcapsules
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