Journal Of Agrobiotechnology (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin)
Not a member yet
260 research outputs found
Sort by
Contract Farming Practices by Rock Melon Growers in Terengganu, Malaysia
Get PDFABSTRACT Contract Farming (CF) is essentially an agreement between unequal parties, companies, government bodies or individuals with small-scale farmers. The two parties will mutually agree on the price and quantity as well as quality of produce. In the era of globalization, CF is an effective way to coordinate production and marketing in agriculture. The scale to which contract farming is practiced in Malaysia is difficult to assess since quantitative data available are very limited. Much of the literature assumes that producers predominantly contract to earn additional income although a subset of studies do acknowledge, or at least imply that individual farmers may contract for other varying reasons. The objective of this study was to examine the rock melon growers’ attitudes toward CF. A total of 89 rock melon growers in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia, were interviewed. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS to describe the respondents’ profile and contract farming practices. At the present moment, the rock melon growers have a contract agreement with the Terengganu Agriculture Development Centre (TADC) which functions as a facilitator agent to help in linking these rock melon farmers with the market. Contract farming could be evaluated as a way to improve rock melon growers’ production and marketing practices in Malaysia. The study revealed that rock melon farmers in Terengganu have mixed thoughts or perceptions on contract farming practices. Keywords: Contract farming, contract marketing, contract production, marketing practices, rock melon growers ABSTRAK Perladangan Kontrak (PK) pada dasarnya adalah satu perjanjian di antara parti yang tidak setanding, dari kalangan syarikat, badan kerajaan atau individu dengan petani kecil. Kedua belah pihak akan saling bersetuju berkenaan harga dan kuantiti serta kualiti hasil. Dalam era globalisasi, PK adalah satu cara yang berkesan untuk menyelaraskan pengeluaran dan pemasaran dalam bidang pertanian. Perladangan kontrak yang diamalkan di Malaysia adalah sukar untuk dinilai kerana data kuantitatif adalah sangat terhad. Kebanyakan literatur menganggap bahawa perladangan kontrak memberi pendapatan tambahan kepada petani. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat subset kajian yang mengakui, atau sekurang-kurangnya membayangkan, individu petani mungkin menyertai kontrak di atas pelbagai sebab yang lain. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sikap penanam tembikai rock melon ke arah PK. Seramai 89 penanam tembikai rock melon di negeri Terengganu, Malaysia, telah ditemubual. Data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS untuk menggambarkan profil responden dan kontrak amalan pertanian. Pada masa ini, penanam mempunyai perjanjian kontrak dengan Pusat Pembangunan Pertanian Terengganu (PPPT) yang berfungsi sebagai agen pemudah cara dalam membantu menghubungkan penanam dengan pasaran. Perladangan kontrak boleh dinilai sebagai satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran tembikai rock melon penanam dan memperbaiki amalan pemasaran penanam tembikai rock melon di Malaysia. Kajian ini mendedahkan bahawa penanam tembikai rock melon di negeri Terengganu mempunyai pemikiran atau persepsi campuran mengenai amalan pertanian kontrak. Kata kunci: Kontrak perladangan, kontrak pemasaran, kontrak pengeluaran, amalan pemasaran, penanam tembikai rock melo
First Reported Observation on Aerial Tuber Formation in Dioscorea hispida Dennst.
Get PDFABSTRACT During an experiment to study the effects of irrigation on growth and development of DioscoreahispidaDennst., we observed aerial tuberization after six to nine months of D. hispida growth. In this experiment, there were five irrigation schedules applied on D. hispida: daily watering (T2), watering at one day interval (T1/control), two day intervals (T3), five day intervals (T4) and six day intervals (T5). Each plant was given 440 mL of water in every application. Treatment T2 showed the highest percentage of tuberization (80%), while for T5 no aerial tuber formation was observed. To our knowledge, aerial tuber formation of D. hispida has never been reported until now. Aerial tubers havethe potential to be used as an alternative and clean planting material for propagation and if they can be induced to germinate, it would be possible to use them for the tissue culture and commercialization of D. hispida. Keywords:Dioscoreahispida, aerial tuber, irrigation, propagation ABSTRAK Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pengairan terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangantumbuhan Dioscorea hispida Dennst., kami telah mendapati pembentukan ubi aerial selepas tujuh hingga sembilan bulan pertumbuhan D. hispida. Dalam eksperimen ini, terdapat lima jadual aplikasi pengairan bagi tumbuhan D. hispida seperti berikut: siraman bagi setiap hari (T2), selang sehari (T1/kawalan), selang dua hari (T3), selang lima hari (T4) dan selang enam hari (T5). Setiap tumbuhan telah diberikan 440 mL air untuk setiap aplikasi siraman. Rawatan T2 menunjukkan peratusan pembentukan ubi aerial yang paling tinggi (80%). Bagi kekerapan pengairan yang paling kurang iaitu T5, tiada pembentukan ubi aerial. Menariknya, pembentukan ubi aerial bagi tumbuhan D. hispida tidak pernah dilaporkan sebelum ini, oleh itu kita percaya bahawa ini adalah kali pertama ia didokumentasi. Ubi aerial boleh digunakan sebagai benih alternatif dan bersih untuk pembiakantanaman, dan sekiranya ubi aerial tersebut boleh diaruh untuk bercambah, maka ianya mungkin berguna untuk tujuan kultur tisu dan pemerdagangan D. hispida. Kata kunci: Dioscorea hispida, ubi aerial, pengairan, pembiakan
Effects of Opuntia Cactus Mucilage Extract and Storage under Evaporative Coolant System on the Shelf Life of Carica papaya Fruits
Get PDFABSTRACT The increase in papaya production requires new strategies to extend the storage life of the fruit. Edible coatings act as physical barriers when applied on the surface of fruits and effectively change their internal atmosphere and delay the ripening process. In the present study, two different coatings were developed from the mucilage of Opuntia cactus and their effects were investigated on the quality and storability of papaya fruits. The two experimental coatings were pure mucilage extracts (ME) and mucilage extract mixed with 5 mL glycerol (MEG) which served as plasticizer. The parameters measured were weight loss, ascorbic acid content, pH, firmness, total soluble solid and the microbial qualities of papaya fruits. Papaya fruits were stored for six weeks at an average temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 55-60% under an Evaporative Coolant System (ECS). Prior to storage, the papaya fruits were surface sterilized using 100 mg/L sodium hypochlorite and randomly arranged into three treatments, the control (untreated) and the two coating treatments. After six week of storage the concentration of yeast and mold was found to decrease in the control from 8.89 log CFU/g to 3.87 log CFU/g (MEG) and 4.78 log CFU/g (ME); also the concentration of aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria decreased from 11.22 log CFU/g in the control to 4.21 log CFU/g (MEG) and 6.02 log CFU/g (ME) mucilage treated fruits while the concentration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was decreased from 9.78 log CFU/g in the control to 4.98 log CFU/g (MEG) and 6.32 log CFU/g (ME) mucilage treated fruits. The above parameters which are related to post-harvest quality loss were however significantly controlled in the coated papaya. The overall result showed that cactus mucilage was effective in extending the shelf-life of papaya fruits when compared to the control. MEG was more effective than ME. Keywords: Carica papaya, edible coating, glycerol, Opuntia cactus, Evaporative Coolant System (ECS) ABSTRAK Peningkatan dalam pengeluaran betik memerlukan strategi baru untuk melanjutkan jangka hayat penyimpanan buah. Salutan yang boleh dimakan bertindak sebagai sekatan fizikal apabila digunakan pada permukaan buah yang mana ianya berkesan dalam mengubah keadaan dalaman buah betik dan melambatkan proses pematangan. Dalam kajian ini, dua jenis lapisan yang berbeza telah dibangunkan dari lendir kaktus dan kesan mereka terhadap kualiti dan jangka hayat buah betik telah dikaji. Kedua lapisan eksperimen: Ekstrak Lendir Tulen (ELT) dan ekstrak lendir bercampur dengan 5 mL gliserol (ELTG) telah bertindak sebagai agen plastik. Parameter yang diukur ialah penurunan berat buah, kandungan asid askorbik, pH, kekerasan, jumlah pepejal terlarut dan kualiti mikrob buah betik. Buah betik disimpan selama enam minggu pada suhu purata 27 ± 2 °C dan kelembapan relatif 55-60% di bawah Sistem Penyejuk Penyejatan (SPP). Sebelum penyimpanan, permukaan buah betik telah disterilkan dengan menggunakan 100 mg/L natrium hipoklorit dan disusun secara rawak kepada tiga jenis rawatan; kawalan (tidak dirawat) dan dua rawatan salutan. Selepas enam minggu penyimpanan, kepekatan yis dan kulat didapati menurun bagi kawalan dari 8.89 log CFU/g kepada 3.87 log CFU/g (ELTG) dan 4.78 log CFU/g (ELT), secara berurutan, juga kepekatan bakteria aerobik psikrotrofik menurun daripada 11.22 log CFU/g (kawalan) kepada 4.21 log CFU/g (ELTG) dan 6.02 log CFU/g (ELT), manakala kepekatan bakteria aerobik mesofilik turut menurun daripada 9.78 log CFU/g (kawalan) kepada 4.98 log CFU/g (ELTG ) dan 6.32 log CFU/g (ELT). Parameter-parameter di atas yang berkaitan dengan pengurangan kualiti lepas tuai bagaimanapun telah dikawal dengan ketara dalam betik yang bersalut. Keputusan keseluruhan menunjukkan bahawa lendir kaktus adalah berkesan dalam melanjutkan jangka hayat buah betik berbanding dengan kawalan. ELTG didapati lebih berkesan daripada ELT. Kata kunci: Carica papaya, salutan yang boleh dimakan, gliserol, kaktus Opuntia, Sistem Penyejuk Penyejatan (SPP)
Extraction of Acid and Pepsin Soluble Collagen from Selected Malaysian Freshwater Fish Muscles: Modified Lowry’s Measurement Method
Get PDFAcid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the muscles of selected cultured freshwater fishes that are widely consumed as food in Malaysia. The species tested were Clarias species (hybrid of Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus), black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), pangasius catfish (Pangasius sutchi), and sultan fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii). The concentrations of extracted collagen were determined by using Lowry’s method with slight modification. Results showed that such modification was possible for measurement of collagen concentration directly from the extracting medium. The highest difference between the yields of ASC and PSC was found in Clarias spp. which was approximately 3.8-fold, though no significant increase in the yields of both collagens was achieved after 12 hours of the extraction period. At the end of the extraction process, the range of yields based on dry weight of muscles of ASC and PSC for all of the selected fish muscles were between 97.52 ± 0.97 to 139.71 ± 0.18 mg/g and 299.93 ± 0.45 to 368.36 ± 1.05 mg/g, respectively. The presence of collagen in fish muscles as reported in this study showed that these Malaysian freshwater fishes have a potential to be utilized as alternative sources of mammalian collagens. Keywords: Collagen, extraction, freshwater fish, modified Lowry’s method, muscle ABSTRAK Kolagen asid terlarut (ASC) dan kolagen pepsin terlarut (PSC) telah diekstrak daripada otot ikan air tawar terpilih yang banyak digunakan sebagai sumber makanan di Malaysia. Spesies-spesies yang dikaji ialah ikan keli Clarias (hibrid Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus), tilapia hitam (Oreochromis mossambicus), patin (Pangasius sutchi) dan jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii). Kepekatan kolagen yang diekstrak telah ditentu dengan menggunakan kaedah Lowry, dengan sedikit pengubahsuaian. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pengubahsuaian sedemikian boleh diguna untuk mengukur kepekatan kolagen secara terus daripada medium pengekstrakan. Perbezaan yang paling ketara diantara hasil pengekstrakan ASC dan PSC telah diperolehi melalui spesies Clarias, yang dijangka 3.8 kali ganda, meskipun tiada peningkatan yang bererti dalam hasil pengekstrakan bagi kedua-dua kolagen selepas masa pengekstrakan dilanjutkan melebihi 12 jam. Pada akhir proses pengekstrakan, julat hasil ekstrakan ASC and PSC berdasarkan berat kering bagi semua otot-otot ikan air tawar terpilih adalah di antara 97.52 ± 0.97 hingga 139.71 ± 0.18 mg/g dan 299.93 ± 0.45 hingga 368.36 ± 1.05 mg/g, masing-masing. Kehadiran kolagen di dalam otot ikan menunjukkan bahawa beberapa spesies ikan air tawar di Malaysia adalah berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber alternatif terhadap kolagen mamalia. Kata kunci: Kolagen, pengekstrakan, ikan air tawar, kaedah Lowry diubahsuai, otot
Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources and Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio on Production of Exserohilum longirostratum
Get PDFThe effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on the growth and sporulation of Exserohilum longirostratum were evaluated. Rice flour and malt extracts as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, produced the greatest amount of mycelium. Sources that produced the most biomass were chosen as carbon and nitrogen sources in a C:N ratio test. However, in further experiments, glucose was chosen as the carbon source for the C:N ratio test because rice flour was found to be easily contaminated. Under the C:N ratio test (fixed carbon test), the highest spore production was obtained with a 5:1 ratio (4.78 × 106 spores/mL) and the highest biomass production was obtained with a 7.5:1 ratio (4.66 g/100 mL). In the fixed nitrogen test, 7.5:1 ratio provided the greatest output (4.08 × 106 spores/mL) whereas a 5:1 ratio produced the most biomass (4.33 g/100 mL). Meanwhile, the control which consisted of V8 agar without additional carbon and nitrogen source produced 1.07 × 106 spores/mL. These results provide information on the influence of carbon and nitrogen source and the C:N ratio that can be used in media for optimum growth and spore yield. Keywords: Carbon, nitrogen, C:N ratio, Exserohilum longirostratum, spore yield ABSTRAK Kesan sumber karbon dan nitrogen dan nisbah karbon kepada nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan pensporulan Exserohilum longirostratum telah dinilai. Tepung beras dan estrak gandum sebagai sumber karbon dan nitrogen setiap satunya, telah menghasilkan jumlah miselium yang banyak. Sumber yang menghasilkan biojisim lebih banyak telah dipilih sebagai sumber karbon dan nitrogen dalam ujian nisbah C:N. Walau bagaimanapun, glukosa telah dipilih sebagai sumber karbon oleh kerana tepung beras adalah sangat mudah tercemar. Pada ujian nisbah C:N (ujian pengikatan karbon), penghasilan terbanyak spora adalah pada nisbah 5:1 (4.78 × 106 spora/mL), dan biojisim tertinggi telah dihasilkan pada nisbah 7.5:1 (4.66 g/100 mL). Dalam ujian pengikatan nitrogen, nisbah 7.5:1 memberikan hasil terbaik (4.08 × 106 spora/mL) manakala nisbah 5:1 telah menghasilkan biojisim yang lebih banyak (4.33 g/100 mL). Sementara itu, kawalan yang mengandungi agar V8 tanpa sumber karbon dan nitrogen tambahan telah menghasilkan 1.07 × 106 spora/mL. Keputusan ini memberikan maklumat berkenaan pengaruh sumber karbon dan nitrogen serta nisbah C:N dalam media untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil spora optimum. Kata kunci: Karbon, nitrogen, nisbah C:N, Exserohilum longirostratum, hasil spora
Treatment of Rubber Processing Wastewater by Effective Microorganisms Using Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor
Get PDFThe rubber industry, one of the major industrial polluters in Malaysia, is discharging wastewater which contains much organic and inorganic matter from various stages of process operations. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of effective microorganisms (EM) in an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) system to treat rubber processing wastewater. Four different ratios of EM/wastewater volume were used; 1:100, 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) were analyzed in the wastewater. The treatment of EM/wastewater ratio of 1:1000 successfully reduced up to 60% of COD, 62% of BOD5, 62% of turbidity, and 84% of TSS. This system managed to reduce the pollutants concentrations to the final COD concentration of 557 mg/L, BOD5 concentration of 226 mg/L, turbidity of 255 NTU and TSS concentration of 75 mg/L. It was found that the ratio of 1:1000 performed best to treat the sample. Overall, this study suggested that EM technology in an anaerobic environment has the capability of elevating the quality of the treated rubber wastewater. Keywords: Rubber wastewater, Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR), anaerobic treatment, effective microorganisms ABSTRAK Industri getah, salah satu industri pencemar utama di Malaysia, didapati menyingkirkan air buangan yang mengandungi banyak bahan organik dan tak organik berpunca daripada pelbagai peringkat operasi pemprosesan. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji keberkesanan mikroorganisma berkesan (EM) dalam sistem Reaktor Kelompok Penjujukan Anaerobik (ASBR) untuk merawat air buangan pemprosesan getah. Empat nisbah isipadu EM/air buangan yang berlainan telah digunakan iaitu 1:100, 1:500, 1:1000 dan 1:2000. Analisis air buangan yang dijalankan termasuklah permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD5), kekeruhan dan jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS). Rawatan dengan menggunakan nisbah 1:1000 telah berjaya menyingkirkan sehingga 60% COD, 62% BOD5, 62% kekeruhan dan 84% TSS. Sistem tersebut berupaya mengurangkan kepekatan bahan pencemar sehingga menghasilkan kepekatan akhir COD yang bersamaan 557 mg/L, BOD5 bersamaan 226 mg/L, kekeruhan bersamaan 255 NTU dan kepekatan TSS bersamaan 75 mg/L. Didapati nisbah 1:1000 memberikan perawatan sampel yang terbaik. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menyarankan bahawa teknologi EM dalam sistem anaerob adalah berkeupayaan untuk meningkatkan kualiti air buangan industri getah yang telah dirawat. Kata kunci: Air buangan getah, Reaktor Kelompok Penjujukan Anaerobik (ASBR), rawatan anaerob, mikroorganisma berkesan
Effect of Inoculum Form of Exserohilum longirostratum on Disease Development
Get PDFTwo types of inoculum (spore suspension and mycelium suspension) of Exserohilum longirostratum were tested on barnyard grass (Echinochloa cruss-galli) to compare the efficacy of mycelial base-suspension and spore-base suspension as two different substrata on the disease severity. The best result of both suspensions was selected to investigate an easy, rapid and inexpensive treatment as inoculum type used. The results showed that a concentration of 105 spores/mL in 30% oil of E. longirostratum incited higher disease severity compared to 107 and 108 spores/mL. However, no significant difference was observed between treatments of 105 and 106 spores/mL. In a mycelium base study, 20% oil of 5 day-old mycelial-shake cultures presented a better result compared to 3 day-old and 7 day-old cultures. Moreover, 1:5 ratio of 5 day-old mycelium suspension showed significantly higher disease severity than ratios of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:6. Keywords: Exserohilum longirostratum, Echinochloa crus-galli, mycelium suspension, spore suspension ABSTRAK Dua jenis inokulum Exserohilum longirostratum (ampaian spora dan ampaian miselium) telah diuji kepada rumput sambau (Echinochloa crus-galli) untuk membandingkan kemujaraban kedua-dua inokulum berasaskan miselium dan berasaskan spora sebagai dua substrat berbeza terhadap keterukan penyakit. Keputusan terbaik dari kedua-dua jenis inokulum tersebut telah dipilih untuk menguji tahap mudah, pantas dan kos efektif inokulum tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kepekatan 105 spora/mL pada 30% minyak E. longirostratum telah menyebabkan tahap keterukan penyakit yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan 107 dan 108 spora/mL. Walaubagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan bermakna di antara rawatan pada 105 dan 106 spora/mL. Pada kajian inokulum berasaskan miselium, 20% minyak pada kultur miselium-goncang yang berusia 5 hari menunjukkan keputusan yang lebih baik berbanding dengan kultur yang berusia 3 hari dan 7 hari. Tambahan lagi, nisbah 1:5 pada miselium yang berusia 5 hari menunjukkan keterukan penyakit yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan nisbah 1:3, 1:4 dan 1:6. Kata kunci: Exserohilum longirostratum, Echinochloa crus-galli, ampaian miselium, ampaian spora
Anatomical Study of Stem, Petiole, Leaf, Tuber, Root and Flower of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (Dioscoreaceae) by Using Optical Microscope, SEM and TEM
Get PDFObservation under optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) on stem, leaf, petiole, tuber, root and flower of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. presented detailed information of anatomical characters that defined this species. The anatomical study showed that Dioscorea hispida leaves had similar feature with eudicot plants, but the stem, tuber and flower resembled monocotyledonous plants. The leaf surface of Dioscorea hispida was covered with rough, bristly and spiny trichomes or hairy surface. Keywords: Dioscorea hispida, optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), anatomy ABSTRAK Kajian dengan menggunakan mikroskop optik, Mikroskop Elektron Pengimbas (SEM) dan Mikroskop Pancaran Elektron (TEM) telah dilaksanakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat terperinci ciri-ciri anatomi batang, daun, petiol, akar dan bunga Dioscorea hispida Dennst. yang menakrifkan spesies ini. Kajian anatomi menunjukkan daun Dioscorea hispida mempunyai sifat yang menyamai tumbuhan eudikot, manakala batang, ubi dan bunga menyerupai tumbuhan bermonokotiledon. Permukaan daun Dioscorea hispida adalah diselaputi oleh trikom kasar, berbulu dan berduri atau permukaan yang berbulu. Kata kunci: Dioscorea hispida, mikroskop optik, Mikroskop Elektron Pengimbas (SEM), Mikroskop Pancaran Elektron (TEM), anatomi
Culms and Above-ground Biomass Assessment of Gigantochloa scortechinii in Response to Harvesting Techniques Applied
Get PDFABSTRACTA study on culms and above-ground biomass productivity based on three harvesting techniques of Gigantochloa scortechinii (buluh semantan) in natural stands had been conducted in Betau, Pahang. After 18 months of observation it was found that the harvesting techniques gave highly significant effects at 0.05% both on new culms and above-ground biomass productivity, whereas the effect of clump density was highly significant at 0.05% in new culms production only. Based on the study results, X-shape harvesting technique is recommended to be applied in the natural stands of bamboo. This method produced a higher number of new culms per clump and total above-ground biomass increment with the production of 7.6 kg and 86.7 kg, respectively, as compared with Horse-shoe shape harvesting technique. Furthermore, it is recommended that only bamboo clump density with the minimum number of 26 culms/clump were suitable for the application of this harvesting technique. The clear-felling method is not recommended for the harvesting of the natural stands of Gigantochloa scortechinii due to the slow recovery.Keywords: Culms, above-ground biomass, productivity, harvesting techniques, Gigantochloa scortechinii ABSTRAKKajian mengenai produktiviti batang dan biojisim Gigantochloa scortechinii (buluh semantan) berdasarkan tiga teknik penuaian dalam dirian semula jadi buluh telah dijalankan di Betau, Pahang. Selepas 18 bulan pemerhatian, didapati teknik-teknik penuaian telah memberi kesan yang sangat bererti pada 0.05% terhadap produktiviti kulma baru dan biojisim atas tanah, manakala kesan kepadatan rumpun adalah sangat bererti pada 0.05% hanya bagi pengeluaran kulma baru. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, didapati teknik penuaian bentuk-X sangat sesuai untuk digunakan di kawasan pertumbuhan buluh semula jadi. Kaedah ini boleh menghasilkan jumlah kulma baru yang lebih banyak bagi setiap rumpun dan tambahan biojisim atas tanah dengan pengeluaran 7.6 kg dan 86.7 kg, masing-masing, berbanding teknik penuaian berbentuk Ladam-kuda. Tambahan pula, teknik ini adalah sesuai dan disyorkan hanya pada kepadatan rumpun buluh dengan bilangan minimum 26 kulma/rumpun. Kaedah tebangan habis rumpun tidak dicadangkan untuk penuaian dirian buluh semula jadi Gigantochloa scortechinii disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan semula yang lambat.Kata kunci: Kulma, biojisim atas tanah, produktiviti, teknik penuaian, Gigantochloa scortechini
In Silico Sequence Analysis of Coagulase in Staphylococcus aureus
No full textCoagulase production is generally accepted as being characteristic of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic strains. Coagulase can cause clot formation in the immediate vicinity of the bacterium. The protein has been shown to contribute to bacterial virulence in wound infections owing to its ability to delay the healing processes. In this study, we conducted in silico sequence analysis using coagulase from the Gram-positive human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus with GenBank Accession no. CAC 84776.1. Various bioinformatics tools were used to predict the properties of the S. aureus coagulase. The N-terminal portion of coagulase was predicted to form transmembrane helices whereas the majority of the protein was hydrophilic in nature and was predicted to form several alpha-helices. Coagulase was also predicted to localize extracellularly and has a pI value of 8.41. The in silico analysis carried out offers an alternative way to obtain structural information and will assist in determining the structural prediction of the S. aureus coagulase. Keywords: Coagulase, Staphylococcus aureus, sequence analysis, structure prediction ABSTRAK Penghasilan koagulase umumnya diterima sebagai ciri strain bakteria patogen dan yang berpotensi sebagai patogen. Koagulase boleh menyebabkan pembentukan gumpalan secara langsung di kawasan sekitar bakteria. Protein ini juga telah terbukti menyumbang kepada kevirulenan bakteria pada jangkitan luka disebabkan oleh kebolehan melambatkan proses penyembuhan. Dalam kajian ini, analisis jujukan in silico dengan menggunakan koagulase daripada Staphylococcus aureus iaitu patogen manusia Gram-positif dan mempunyai no. aksesi GenBank CAC 84776.1 telah dilakukan. Pelbagai peralatan bioinformatik telah digunakan untuk meramalkan sifat koagulase S. aureus. Di bahagian N-terminal pada koagulase diramalkan membentuk heliks trans-membran manakala sebahagian besar protein bersifat hidrofilik yang diramalkan membentuk beberapa heliks-alfa. Koagulase juga diramalkan berada dibahagian luar sel dengan nilai pI sebanyak 8.41. Analisis secara in silico ini menawarkan cara alternatif untuk memperolehi maklumat tentang stuktur dan dapat membantu dalam menentukan ramalan struktur koagulase S. aureus. Kata kunci: Koagulase, Staphylococcus aureus, analisis jujukan, ramalan struktur