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The Developement of Hindi Sentence Test for Speech Recognition in Noise
No full textBackground: The aim of the study was to develop a test material in Hindi language for assessing sentence recognition threshold in noise.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. First phase involved three experiments. First experiment consisted of the collection and recording of the sentence material. In the second experiment, sentence perception was assessed at five signal to noise ratios to check for the equalization of sentence material in terms of intelligibilty. This was done on 25 native speakers of Hindi language with normal hearing sensitivity. In the final experiment, 20 different lists with 10 sentences in each were formulated. The second phase of the experiment involved estimation of signal to noise ratio required to obtain 50% correct sentence identification score (SNR 50) and the test reliability of the lists was assessed. The estimation of SNR 50 was done on 30 native speakers of Hindi language with normal hearing sensitivity.Results: Twenty optimized lists were formulated. Lists were found to be of almost equal difficulty and to have good test reliability in normal-hearing listeners. The average SNR50 was -4.56 dB with a standard deviation of 0.45 dB.Conclusions: The developed test provides a reliable means of measuring sentence recognition threshold in noise for native speakers of Hindi
Relationships between Craniofacial Morphology, Sex, and Deglutitive Hyoid Bone Movement
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between six craniofacial measures and superior and anterior hyoid bone movement during a liquid swallow.Method: Twelve White adults (6 males, 6 females) between 19-27 years of age participated. Video fluoroscopic recordings were obtained while participants swallowed 7 ml of liquid barium in the upright position. Six craniofacial measures (i.e. Frankfort-mandibular angle, nasion to menton, anterior tubercles C1 to C4, nasion to sella, sella to basion, and nasion-sella-basion angle) were obtained at rest on all participants and used to determine their association with hyoid bone displacement.Results: Males demonstrated larger craniofacial dimensions than females with the exception of nasion-sella-basion angle. Significant sex differences were noted for nasion to menton (p = .05). There were no statistically significant correlations (p < .05) or predictive relationships between maximum anterior and superior hyoid bone displacements and the six craniofacial measures.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated differences in craniofacial morphology related to sex, however, no correlation or predictive relationship between craniofacial measures and hyoid bone movement during swallowing of a 7 ml liquid bolus were observed. Limitations include a small sample size, lack of descriptive anthropometric features (e.g. height and weight), and limited number of swallows per subject. Future studies should include larger sample sizes and investigate the effects of bolus volume and abnormal craniofacial morphology on hyoid bone movement
Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes with its Chronic Complications in Warsaw and Mazovia Province of Poland
No full textThe prevalence of prediabetic state (impaired fasting glucose(IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) and type 2 diabetes is still increasing and nowadays reaches the size of epidemic. Moreover, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is often overtaken by the appearance of late diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in inhabitants of Warsaw and the province of Mazovia, situated in the centre of Poland, who were over 45 years of age and/or presented type 2 diabetes risk factors. The additional aim of the study was to estimate the presence of late complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.In order to National Programme for Diabetes Prevention and Education for year 2012, 1510 citizens of Warsaw and Mazovia province were examined. In each subject with newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose (IFG) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted. Each person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, afterwards was a subject of the set of examinations including: ECG, USG of lower extremities arteries, ophtalmoscopy, neurological consultation (verification of touch, pain, temperature and vibration sensation) and biochemical tests (HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglicerides, creatinine and urine albumin concentration).We diagnosed type 2 diabetes in 121 subjects and prediabetes in 337 individuals (8.01% and 22.3% of participants, respectively). In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics macroangiopathy was present in 11.58% of patients, diabetic retinopathy in 10.74 %, whereas the largest percentage of patients (19%) presented diabetic neuropathy
Synthesis, Characterization and Microbial Evaluation of Metal Complexes of Molybdenum with Ofloxacin (Levo (S-form) and Dextro (R-form)) Isomers
No full textThe article describes the interaction of molybdenum with dextrofloxacin and levofloxacin (isomers of ofloxacin) antibiotic drugs. Characterization of compounds was made by UV-Vis, FT–IR, 1H NMR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The green colored Mo–dextrofloxacin and yellow colored Mo–levofloxacin complexes were isolated. After complete characterization, the chemical formulae of the complexes were established as [MoO2(R-Oflox)2] or [MoO2(Dextro)2] and [MoO2(Levo)2] or [MoO2(S-Oflox)2]. The microbial evaluation was made by well diffusion method for both ligands and their metal complexes against two bacterial strains, S. aureus and E. coli. It was observed that the antibacterial action of Mo–dextrofloxacin and Mo-levofloxacin was significantly higher than the dextrofloxacin and levofloxacin alone against S. aureus, while no action was observed against E. coli
Treatment of Recurrent Mixed Infected Laryngocele with Extramucosal Thyrotomy Around Theurepatic Dilemma
No full textLaryngopyocele is a fairly rare disease which is a complication of laryngocele. It is a emergency situation so it needs fast differential diagnosis and treatment. Management of laryngopyoceles include observation, endoscopic resection and resection via an external approach. An external approach is indicated for large or external laryngoceles. The incidence of association between laryngocele and laryngeal carcinoma varies from 1% to 10%. Extramucosal thyrotomy to thyroid cartilage lamina provides adequate visibility of the laryngocele sac
Review of Treatment Modalities for Maxillary Cancers-Institute’s Experience Over 10 Years
No full textObjective: The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla and paranasal sinuses, radical surgery and reconstruction with free flaps is quoted in literature, but the protocol varies from center to centre. This study was performed to present our experience in the treatment of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma with surgery without reconstruction with post operative radiotherapy.Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with primary resectable squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The mean age was 65.6 years (20-80 years) and 53% presented in advanced tumor stage (T4). Two patients already had cervical metastases, underwent neck dissection. All patients were treated by radical surgery without reconstruction, and the resulting defects were closed primarily followed by the use of an obturator at 4-6 weeks.Results: The overall 5-year survival rate was 65.7%; the recurrence rate was 23.3%. Only patients who had stage T4 disease and positive resection margins, died during radiotherapy. The 2 patients with cervical metastases received therapeutic neck dissection and showed no regional recurrence.Conclusions: The surgical treatment without reconstruction and with postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinomas of the maxillary sinus led to good results, and can therefore be seen as a cost effective and valuable strategy. Free resection margins and early detection of the tumor are the most important factors for success. Our future focus is on orbital preservation & reconstruction of disfiguring defects following radical maxillectomy
Nonresponse to Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in a Patient with Depression, Substance Abuse and Personality Disorder
No full textThe authors report the case of a patient with a history of episodic, severe clinical depression who demonstrated an apparent absence of response to ECT. His illness was complicated by substance abuse and personality disorder. The vicissitudes of his course of treatment are described and the literature on ECT in depressed patients with substance abuse and personality disorder is reviewed. The heterogeneity of depression, and its relation to the ECT consultation process, is briefly discussed
Imaginary Pregnancy as an Hysterical Disorder about a Senegalese Case Report
No full textNdiaye-Ndongo Ndèye Dialé, Fall Lamine, Sylla Aida, Lachina Nathalie and Thiam Mamadou HabibDepartment of Psychiatry University Hospital Fann, Assistant Professor, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, SenegalDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12970/2310-8231.2014.02.03.1Abstract: Imaginary pregnancy or pseudocyesis is a condition in which a woman without being pregnant is convicted of being in pregnancy and develops pregnancy signs. It is a relatively rare condition that admits as etiologic factors cultural, endocrine but also psychological factors.The diagnosis can be difficult. Nowadays, paraclinical gynecological investigations are a great contribution.This table is encountered most often in cases of conversion hysteria, or depression, and reflecting the entanglement body / psyche.We report the case of a young woman with the problem of imaginary pregnancy, occurring within the framework of his hospitalization. We discuss the possible relationship between such an event and a hysterical personality organization
Compulsory Treatment in Anorexia Nervosa: The Case of Israel
No full textAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, patients with AN are prone to refusing treatment despite life-threatening complications, requiring at times compulsory intervention. Involuntary treatment of eating disorders (EDs) through legal commitment is a controversial issue. In such cases, patient autonomy may conflict with protection of his or her best interest. In many industrialized countries, it is impossible to legally mandate treatment of patients with severe and even life threatening AN. In the last decade the ethical and legal concerns about compulsory treatment in Israel have been on the rise. According to the current law in Israel, it is illegal, with a few exceptions, to enforce treatment against the patient’s will.The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature about the legal and ethical dilemmas associated with compulsory treatment in AN and the effectiveness of its treatment outcomes. Research findings included in this review address both perspectives of the debate and discuss the patient’s competence to make this decision. Additionally, this paper focuses on the legal process in Israel in the last decade, illustrating the dilemmas in two case studies. This review raises important questions and clinical implications that must be addressed in further research
Lipid Replacement Therapy: Is it a New Approach in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
No full textLipid replacement therapy (LRT) is an anti-aging product which reverses age-related changes in the lipid composition of organ and tissue cells. Since membrane lipids oxidation seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), their substitution with new lipids coming from dietary supplements is speculated to be effective in CFS. We have analyzed some of the most recent articles about the effects of LRT in fatigue, showing the evidences supporting this theory as well as alluding to the weak points of the studies