2031 research outputs found
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Interaction of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and BIM in a Construction Project to Reduce the Environmental Footprint
Get PDFThe construction sector is experiencing rapid growth in response to the increasing demand for new projects that address societal needs, making it one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is essential to develop more sustainable and efficient construction processes that reduce the environmental impact in the sector. This study focuses on assessing the environmental footprint of a residential project in Colombia, based on the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with a sustainability focus. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed using the "One Click LCA" software, where the characteristics of the building over a 50-year period were inserted and evaluated. The study determined the building's environmental impacts and direct pollutant emissions, including global warming (CO2e), acidification (SO2e), eutrophication (PO4e), and ozone depletion (CFC), among others. The results were analyzed by evaluating their magnitude and criticality. One of the main findings was the emission of 1.49E+06 kg of CO2, which directly impacts global warming significantly. This LCA-BIM approach provides a transparent methodology for construction companies in Latin America to implement projects with a lower environmental impact, promoting sustainable practices within the industry. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-08 Full Text: PD
Safety Risk Assessment Model for Bridge Construction
Get PDFIn Indonesia, construction accidents have occurred during the construction of bridges and elevated roads, peaking in 2017. The lifting of girder beams has failed in several construction projects, and the formwork has failed during pier construction. The reasons for these work accidents are human and equipment factors, which caused material losses and loss of life. A risk assessment model for bridge construction work accidents in construction projects is proposed in this paper, with the work breakdown structure (WBS), risk breakdown structure (RBS), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and rating being integrated to assess the risk of bridge construction work accidents. This model is expected to improve safety in bridge construction by providing effective safety planning, especially in the accident risk assessment process. The study results indicate that the WBS and RBS can outline and explain the identification of construction safety risks for bridges and provide insight into the interrelationship of construction phases and the potential risks. The relationship between the WBS and RBS is created in the form of a coupling matrix, and we identify the potential risky activities at each phase and the corresponding construction phases. The AHP can be used to calculate the weights and priorities of the WBS and analyze the magnitude of the risk index for its related risky activities; then, the rating method can be used to analyze the risk index. Girder and diaphragm installation work involves a high risk of workers falling during the erection of girders. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-010 Full Text: PD
Complex Geodetic Monitoring of the Massive Sports Structures by Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Get PDFThe paper describes the rigorous approach to studying and analyzing the results of geodetic monitoring of massive sports structures. The monitoring results for two ski jumps in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, are considered a case study. The suggested approach is based on the combined use of geodetic measurements and their comparative analysis with the structural analysis results of the structure using the finite element method. The structural analysis was carried out for various loads and their combinations, e.g., dead weight, snow load, wind load, etc. The article's aim is twofold. The first is to develop an appropriate algorithm and technology to accomplish geodetic monitoring, including the assignment of allowable monitoring accuracy. This goal was achieved by the results of structural analysis that helped to determine the allowable displacements and zones of maximum stress. These values defined the necessary observation accuracy and the places for the deformation targets' installation. Thus, the appropriate monitoring network around the complex of ski jumps was created. Geodetic monitoring was carried out using terrestrial laser scanning. Four observation epochs were conducted from autumn 2020 until summer 2022. The second aim is to analyze the monitoring results to determine the actual structure displacements and make conclusions concerning the allowance of these displacements for further structure exploitation. The monitoring results were studied using the structural analysis and B-spline displacement simulation. The results demonstrated no significant displacements of the ski jump ramps. The displacements for landing hills reached 60 mm, which is the allowable value. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-05 Full Text: PD
Integrating Gradient Boosting and Parametric Architecture for Optimizing Energy Use Intensity in Net-Zero Energy Buildings
Get PDFAchieving net-zero energy building (NZEB) status requires accurate energy use intensity (EUI) calculations, as conventional methods often fail to capture the complexity of design and climatic conditions. In this research, a parametric energy modeling approach was used to conduct 1,350 simulations and analyze the impact of design parameters on building EUI. These simulations covered six building types”an existing building and I-, L-, T-, U-, and H-shaped buildings”across eight locations in different climate zones. A case study was conducted in Busan, Korea, where on-site measurements were obtained using portable devices to validate the simulation results. I-shaped buildings exhibited the lowest EUI, reaching 109 kWh/m²/yr at 0° and 180° orientations. The simulation results indicated that building orientations of 140°, 90°, 135°, and 270° tended to produce higher EUI values, whereas 0° and 180° showed lower EUI values of 122 and 123 kWh/m²/yr, respectively. The use of triple-pane insulated glass effectively reduced the I-shaped building's EUI to 103 kWh/m²/yr. Implementing photovoltaic (PV) systems further reduced the EUI significantly, with the I-shaped building achieving an EUI of −14 kWh/m²/yr at a 20% PV efficiency. Analysis using an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model revealed that the climate zone, PV area, and type of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system significantly affected the EUI. This model, processed using Colab, was highly effective, with an R-squared value of 0.99, a root mean square error of 4.57, and a mean absolute error of 1.99. These findings demonstrate that the XGBoost model can effectively capture complex data patterns and can be used for high-accuracy EUI estimation. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-06 Full Text: PD
Optimizing Fire Safety and Ventilation Strategies for Structural Integrity in Rail Tunnels
Get PDFRail systems are vital to the modern urban infrastructure and offer efficient and eco-friendly transportation solutions. The Gaziray Rail System Line in Gaziantep, Türkiye addresses the region's transportation needs while considering potential hazards such as electrical malfunctions and fuel leaks. This study thoroughly assesses fire occurrences and how they affect the structural integrity of tunnel elements, thereby affecting repair costs and continuity of operations. Fire tests and modeling were employed to precisely assess tunnel fire effects, focusing on potential train fires in Gaziray Rail System Line tunnels. This study highlights the importance of vital airflow for effectively directing smoke. It also identifies the ventilation systems required to ensure optimal airflow while maintaining the structural integrity and evacuation pathways. The study identified 18 jet fans with an outlet velocity of 35.7 m/s and flow rate of 40.4 m³/s, which is essential for safe evacuation. The maximum wall temperatures ranged from 774 to 923°C, highlighting the potential fire severity. Recommendations emphasize fire-resistant materials, optimized ventilation systems, and reinforced emergency evacuation measures that are crucial for enhanced safety. Continuous training and awareness efforts ensure swift and secure evacuation during fire incidents, contributing to robust fire safety protocols for the Gaziray Rail Line. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-014 Full Text: PD
Fire Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Various Combinations of GFRP and Steel
Get PDFThis paper investigates the effects of key parameters on the fire resistance of concrete beams reinforced with various combinations of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and steel. The ratio of GFRP area (Af) to the total area (A) of GFRP and steel varied from 0 to 1, making steel, hybrid GFRP-steel, and GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Finite element models of these beams were developed in SAFIR software and verified. The models were then used to analyze the effects of different key parameters on the fire behavior and fire resistance of these beams. The results demonstrated that the fire behavior of these beams was significantly affected by the Af/A ratio, load ratio, total reinforcement ratio, and concrete cover thickness, while it was marginally affected by steel and concrete strengths. The fire resistance decreased with the increases in load ratio and Af/A ratio, whereas it increased with the increases in concrete cover thickness or reinforcement ratio. Fire resistance slightly increased with the increase in the tensile strength of steel and slightly decreased with the increase in the compressive strength of concrete. The location arrangement of GFRP and steel bars in cross sections significantly affected the fire behavior and fire resistance of hybrid beams. The deflection rate limit, rather than the deflection limit, decisively governed the fire resistance of concrete beams reinforced with different Af/Aratios. Regression analyses yielded models for estimating the fire resistance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-05-018 Full Text: PD
Development of Airport Pavement Condition Evaluation Using Dominant Damage and Grid-Based Analysis
Get PDFAirport Pavement Condition Index (PCI) is a measure of pavement stability represented by an index ranging from 0 (failed) to 100 (best). The PCI evaluation procedure includes a series of steps, which are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, this study aimed to propose an alternative PCI evaluation procedure that focused on major pavement damage using a grid-based system. The methods used in the analysis included discussions with expert panels and linear & nonlinear regression analysis. The results of the deduct value curve showed good statistical performance with an average RMSE of 1.80 and an average R² value of 0.85. The sample unit size with a grid system of 3í—5 m² produced good accuracy with an average standard deviation of 7.89 at the study locations of PKY, TJQ, and TKG airports. Additionally, the PCI value decline model as a function of pavement age produced an estimated PCI decline of 3.23 per year. Grid-based PCI analysis was further proven to improve the accuracy of PCI values and consequently increased the efficiency of runway condition investigation time and costs by 27.30% compared to standard methods. Future studies were recommended to integrate this PCI evaluation procedure with a classification algorithm for airport pavement damage. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-05-011 Full Text: PD
Statistics on Small Networks in Construction Design Offices
Get PDFThis study explores communication structures in construction design offices using social network analysis (SNA) to compare directed and undirected networks. The objective is to understand how these network types influence hierarchy, information flow, and collaboration within small design teams. Data were collected from nine construction design offices, constructing both directed and undirected networks based on survey responses. Various graph theory metrics, including clustering coefficient, network diameter, centrality, and connectivity, were analyzed to assess communication efficiency. The results show that directed networks emphasize hierarchical structures with limited reciprocal exchanges, while undirected networks confirm mutual interactions, fostering collaboration. Despite variations in size, most networks exhibit small-world properties, indicating that key individuals act as bridges, ensuring effective communication. These findings highlight that network structure, rather than size, plays a crucial role in team coordination. This study contributes to Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) research by providing insights into optimizing team dynamics, balancing hierarchical control with flexible collaboration, and improving project management strategies. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-02 Full Text: PD
Cluster-Driven Predictive Model for Asphalt Pavement Maximum Temperature in Tropical Airport
Get PDFThe majority of runways are constructed using flexible pavement surfaced with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The performance of these materials is significantly influenced by temperature due to their viscoelastic nature. Understanding the maximum temperature profile in the HMA layer is essential for evaluating pavement load-bearing capacity and durability. Therefore, this study aimed to present a robust model for predicting maximum pavement temperature distributions based on direct measurements from 13 strategically selected airports in the tropical region of Indonesia. Data was collected using the Airside Pavement Sensing System (AirPaSS), a monitoring device that integrated solar-powered energy management, automated data transmission, and multi-depth thermocouple sensors, providing real-time and accurate temperature measurements. By using hierarchical clustering, airports were categorized into three clusters based on air temperature, pavement temperature, and elevation, enabling precise and cluster-specific material design. The result showed that the predictive model incorporating linear and logarithmic regression achieved high accuracy, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values ranging from 0.91°C to 2.01°C and Adjusted R² values between 0.76-0.91. This model offered a practical solution for predicting HMA layer temperature at any depth. The results provided valuable information for performance-based grading systems with significant implications for improving infrastructure resilience in tropical and similar climatic regions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-01 Full Text: PD
Linking the Tourism Activity to the Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics
Get PDFTourism-driven activities have increasingly contributed to marine microplastic (MPs) pollution, particularly in island ecosystems. This study assesses the abundance, characteristics, and spatial distribution of MPs in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, by analyzing samples from coastal water, sediments, and fish across three zones: a seaport, recreational beach, and mangrove area. Standardized filtration, density separation, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify MPs types and polymers. Results show the highest MPs concentrations in coastal water at recreational beaches (19.25 particles/L), sediment at seaports (23.15 particles/kg), and fish near seaports (17.5 particles/individual), indicating elevated risks of bioaccumulation. Fragments and fibers were the dominant forms, with prevalent polymers including PS, PE, and LDPE, mostly in black, blue, and red colors. The mangrove area exhibited lower MPs levels due to its natural filtration capacity but still showed MPs presence in biota. This multi-compartment approach highlights a clear link between tourism intensity and MPs contamination. The findings provide new insights for designing localized interventions, including waste reduction strategies and regulatory measures. By integrating ecological and anthropogenic factors, this study supports the development of sustainable tourism policies to mitigate MPs pollution and protect coastal biodiversity