Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis
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Effectiveness and Safety Test of Antiaging Serum Combination of Ceremai Fruit (Phyllantus acidus) and Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) In Vivo
Full text linkAntiaging serum is a cosmetic to prevent skin damage due to aging factors. The antiaging serum from the combination of ceremai fruit extract (Phylanthus acidus) and watermelon peel (Citrullus lanatus) has been tested ad an antioxidant, antihyperpigmentation and anti-wrinkle activities. However, its efficacy, safety, and toxicity had not yet been tested in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate these parameters using four groups of rats over four weeks. Two formulations (F1 and F2) contained the combination of ceremai fruit extract and watermelon peel, while the negative control (NC) used only the base serum, and the positive control (PC) contained a known antiaging compound. Results showed that all formulations affected moisture content, pigmentation, collagen, and skin elasticity. Notably, F2 demonstrated the most effective outcomes: it increased skin moisture by 11.2%, improved elasticity by 10.6%, enhanced collagen levels by 14.7%, and reduced pigmentation by 21.1%, without stimulating excess sebum. These results were significantly different from the negative control (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the F2 serum toxicity test showed no toxic symptoms to the test animals because there was no irritatio
Formulation and Characterization Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) Chloroform Extract of Gaharu Leaves (Gyrinops verstegii (Gilg.) Domke
No full textGaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke) is a native Indonesian plant with many potential medicinal compounds. The compounds contained in the chloroform extract of gaharu leaves are mostly nonpolar terpenoids and fatty acids, so their solubility in water is low. Self-nanoemulsifying drugs delivery system (SNEDDS) technology can increase the solubility and bioavailability of drugs or active compounds in cells. This study aims to formulate and characterize SNEDDS from chloroform extract of gaharu leaves. The research began with the extraction of gaharu leaves by soxhletation. Formula optimization was carried out with various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. SNEDDS preparations were then characterized by testing particle size, polydispersity index, percent transmittance, and determining globule morphology. The optimal SNEDDS formula contained miglyol® 812N oil and Tween 80 (32%:68%) with particle size 63.25 ± 5.93 nm, polydispersity index 0.272 ± 0.016, and percent transmittance 98.33 ± 0.23%, spherical globule morphology. This study concluded that the optimal formula for SNEDDS chloroform extract of gaharu leaves (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke) had good physical characteristics.
Keywords: Gyrinops verstegii (Gilg.) Domke; gaharu; SNEDDS gaharu; miglyo
Cost-Effectiveness of Oseltamivir and Favipiravir in Covid-19 Patients: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Study in a Hospital
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic poses not only a threat to health but also to the global economy, including healthcare costs. Although there is no specific drug for COVID-19 patients, there are antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and favipiravir that can be used to treat COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the most cost-effective antiviral therapy between oseltamivir and favipiravir for COVID-19 patients in one of the hospitals in Banten province. The pharmacoeconomic method used in this study was cost-effectiveness analysis by calculating the Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). The results of this study showed that the ACER value of the favipiravir group (IDR 364,010 (n = 7)) was lower than the oseltamivir group (IDR 431,744 (n = 7)), with an ICER value of IDR 60,605. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between the costs of the favipiravir and oseltamivir groups (p value 0.940). The sensitivity test showed that the cost of medical consumables was the cost that had the greatest impact on cost-effectiveness. Based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that the favipiravir group is more cost-effective than the oseltamivir group
Metabolomic and Cytotoxicity Profiles of Ethanol Extract of Peronema canescens Jack on Human Non-small Lung Cancer Cell A549
Full text linkCancer has a high prevalence and mortality in the world. Cancer treatment is still hampered by high levels of side effects, drug resistance and the lack of affordable prices for anticancer drugs. It is necessary to develop new anticancer drugs to help overcome this problem. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as an anticancer drug is Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of sungkai leaf and identify its metabolomic profile. The sungkai leaves were macerated for 24 hours with 96% ethanol. Metabolomic profiles were analyzed with Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Chemical structure identification was performed by MS-DIAL and MS-FINDER platforms. The ethanol extract of sungkai leaves was analyzed for its cytotoxic activity using the MTT test on A549 lung cancer cells and its selectivity on normal HDFa fibroblast cells. The ethanol extract of sungkai showed IC50 105,21 µg/mL on A549 cells and no cytotoxic activity against normal HDFa cells. Based on the metabolomic analysis, 7 furano terpenoid compounds were detected in the ethanol extract, namely peronemin A2; A3; B1; B2; B3: C1; and D1 along with other compounds. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. canescens leaves has cytotoxic and selective activity against A549 lung cancer cells, and potential to be further developed as an anticancer drug candidate. Peronemins and other substances like flavonoids and polyphenols may be linked to the cytotoxic properties of sungkai leave
A Quantitative Study Assessment of Public Knowledge Regarding Self-Medication with Ibuprofen In Marang Kayu District: A Quantitative Study
No full textSelf-medication is an approach widely used by the public to treat mild pain symptom by using over-the-counter medications without a prescription from physician. One of the medications that can be used for self-medication is Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a drug that can be used for self-medication; however, its use should be under the supervision and guidance of healthcare professionals. This study aims to determine the level of public knowledge regarding the self-medication use of ibuprofen in Marang Kayu District. This research uses a quantitative design with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 369 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The questionnaire included questions about knowledge aspects regarding ibuprofen and self-medication patterns. The study results showed that the level of public knowledge in Marang Kayu District about Ibuprofen for self-medication was 14.5% (49 respondents) with a high level of knowledge, 31.3% (106 respondents) with a moderate level of knowledge, and the majority, 54.3% (184 respondents), with a low level of knowledge. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted health education programs to improve public awareness and promote safe self-medication practices. Enhancing community knowledge is essential to minimize the risks associated with improper ibuprofen use and to encourage responsible drug consumptio
Advancing Ticagrelor Bioavailability: A Comprehensive Review of Solubility Enhancement Techniques
Full text linkTicagrelor (TICA) inhibits platelet activity by reversibly binding to the P₂Y₁₂ receptor, it is classified as a BCS class IV drug with low solubility and permeability. BCS Class IV drugs have a major challenge due to their reduced rate of dissolution, which leads to poor bioavailability. The absolute bioavailability of TICA after oral administration is ~36%. Various techniques, including particle size reduction, solid dispersion, lipid-based formulation, co-crystals, and polymeric micelles can increase solubility. This article discusses the methodology used to increase the solubility of ticagrelor, thereby emphasizing the research that has been conducted and documented. The increased bioavailability of ticagrelor is apparent when formulated as a solid dispersion (SD), self- microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), suspensions, and co-crystals. Among these approaches, co-crystals and solid dispersions are highly recommended for improving the solubility of ticagrelor. This review provides insights into formulation strategies for improving ticagrelor solubility, guiding future research on its bioavailability and efficac
Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate Rich Fraction from Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.)
Full text linkThe tea plant, Camellia sinensis L., is a well-known natural product with significant health advantages. The main catechin found in green tea leaves is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has potent antioxidant properties. EGCG is a common active ingredient in products from the medical and cosmetics industries. This study examines the antioxidant properties and total phenolic content (TPC) of an EGCG-rich fraction (ERF) that is extracted from green tea leaves. TPC was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, with absorbance measured via UV-VIS spectrophotometry at 760.5 nm. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with absorbance recorded at 516 nm. The findings indicated that the TPC of ERF was 437.18 mg GAE/g ± 5.54, while the IC50 value for antioxidant activity was 4.47 mg/L, This value was lower than that of the positive control, Vitamin C, which exhibited an IC₅₀ of 5.07 mg/L. These results suggest that ERF could be developed into a natural ingredient for cosmetics and dietary supplements
Antibiotic Use Evaluation Based on AWaRe Classification in Hospitalized Patients (Intensive and Non-Intensive Care) at Universitas Indonesia Hospital
Full text linkAntibiotic stewardship program has been largely implemented to reduce antibiotic resistance rates. The present study aimed to evaluate antibiotic use based on the AWaRe classification using the ATC/DDD method and Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%). This analytical descriptive study used a cross-sectional study design and retrospective data collection obtained using a total sampling technique and processed using Microsoft Excel. The sample for this study involved data from inpatients aged ≥ 18 years at Universitas Indonesia Hospital who had been prescribed antibiotics from 1 January - 31 December 2022. Data from patients who only received topical antibiotic or antibiotics without a DDD standard value from WHO, or patients who had incomplete medical record data were excluded from the study. The results of this study indicated that the total use of antibiotics was 427.85 DDD/100 patient-days. Based on the AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) classification, the Watch class became the most frequently used antibiotic group, followed by the Access and Reserve classes. The 90% DU segment was mostly composed of third-generation cephalosporin group and fluoroquinolones which were included in the Watch class. From the result of this study, to optimally reduce resistance rates, antibiotic stewardship programs need to run continuously
Formulation and Characterization of Solid Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SNEDDS) Loading Curcuma xanthorrhiza Extract
No full textCurcuma xanthorrhiza has an active component xanthorrhizol that is poorly soluble in water, resulting in limited absorption and bioavailability. Liquid Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) dosage formulations can improve its solubility and absorption due to its small particle size. Solid SNEDDS technology significantly overcomes some of problems in liquid SNEDDS preparations to improve the stability of liquid formulations. This study aims to formulate and characterize Curcuma xanthorrhiza S-SNEDDS preparation. SNEDDS was characterized by particle size and thermodynamic tests. Method of making S-SNEDDS uses two ways, absorption of porous compounds and spray drying. S-SNEDDS were characterized by testing infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microbial contamination and particle flow properties. Optimal S-SNEDDS formulation with 2 formulas namely F7 and F11 mannitol carrier. FTIR testing showed no interacting compounds. SEM and X-ray diffraction testing of F7 showed that the preparation was semicrystalline. While F11 described the preparation as much more crystalline due to the high content of mannitol. The microbial contamination test detected no microorganism compounds. In addition, the particle flow properties obtained a result of 02.53 seconds with a height of 24.95 mm. It is concluded that the S-SNEDDS formula F7 of Curcuma xanthorrhiza has semicrystalline preparation criteria
Chronic Toxicity Study of Ethanol Extract from Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe Leaves on Liver Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract of Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe leaves onliver biochemical and histopathological parameters in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were orally administeredthe extract daily for six months and divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups receiving doses of70, 140, and 210 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. Biochemical analyses included serum levels of albumin, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, and triglycerides. Liver histopathological changes were observed both macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that ethanol extract administration at all tested doses did not cause significant changes (p>0.05) in albumin, total bilirubin, SGOT, or triglyceride levels compared to the control. However, SGPT levels were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in the 140 and 210 mg/kg BW groups. Macroscopic examination revealed no alterations in liver color or texture across all groups. Microscopic observations indicated no structural damage to the central vein in the liver (p>0.05). In conclusion, subchronic oral administration of ethanol extract from V. foetida leaves up to 210 mg/kg BW for six months did not produce significant toxic effects on liver function or morphology in male rat