Annals of Spiru Haret University
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INCOME INEQUALITY, CLIENTELISM AND GOVERNANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WEST AFRICA. : INCOME INEQUALITY, CLIENTELISM AND GOVERNANCE
No full textGenuine redistribution of income is usually not commonplace in underdeveloped democracies. Instead, politicians in these democracies often target private, excludable and reversible benefits at the poor in exchange for electoral support. This electoral strategy often results in a situation where maintenance of political power or re-election becomes the focus of public policies instead of public welfare. This study investigated the main and interaction effects of income inequality and clientelism on government effectiveness in West African Countries from 1996 to 2020. The study objectives were achieved using pooled mean group (PMG) approach of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique and the Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test. Findings from the study revealed that clientelism enhances government effectiveness at higher levels of income inequality but inhibits government effectiveness at lower levels income inequality. The study findings also revealed positive relationship and uni-directional causality between income inequality and clientelism. The study concluded that government effectiveness which thrives on lower levels of income inequality and clientelism is beneficial to socioeconomic development; and that socioeconomic development and government effectiveness is interdependent and mutually reinforcing
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMMES IN ADDRESSING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND INJURIES AT MANUFACTURING FACILITIES IN IBADAN SOUTHWEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkPeople now spend many years of their adult lives at jobs where they are exposed to various hazardous chemicals, unsafe acts, and other diseases because of population growth and rapid technological advancements. Occupational diseases and injuries may arise because of risk factors in the workplace. The study examined the effectiveness of health and safety programmes in addressing occupational diseases and injuries at manufacturing in Ibadan South-West Local government of Oyo state, Nigeria. The sample size was 250 respondents selected using simple and multi-stage sampling techniques to cover the forty-eight manufacturing companies in the area. A self-structured questionnaire was employed for data, which were analysed using frequencies, percentages, and chi-square at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that the prevalence rate of occupational diseases in the facility had (x2=81.94, p<0.05), the extent to which occupational health and safety programs was promoted had (x2=71.51, p<0.05), the effectiveness of occupational health and safety programs had (x2=64.94, p<0.05). Based on the findings, health education is a panacea to occupational diseases and injuries in Ibadan South-West Local government of Oyo state, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that Government should provide regular health training programs to review, promote, and maintain occupational health strategies. Manufacturing companies/facilities should employ adequate qualified health educators to enlighten the workers on the risks associated with occupational diseases and injuries
 
Utility Maximization Analysis of an Emerging Firm: A Bordered Hessian Approach
Full text linkIn this paper, method of Lagrange multipliers is used to investigate the utility function; subject to two constraints: budget constraint, and coupon constraint, and to verify that the utility is maximized. An economic model of an emerging firm has been developed here by considering four commodity variables. In the study, determinant of the 6×6 bordered Hssian matrix is operated to verify the utility maximization. Two Lagrangian multipliers are used here, as devices of optimization procedures, during the mathematical calculation. In this article, an attempt has been taken to achieve optimal result by the application of scientific method of optimization
Health Security Issues and Challenges in Nigeria
Full text linkThe study examined the concept of health security and its applicability in Nigeria and upheld its desirability because safety is man’s most prized want, including health security. However, the culture of Nigeria’s ruling class, which relies on overseas medical tourism, made them unaware of this phenomenon. The study applied the descriptive design, using the case study as an investigation tool, since health security is embedded in human security. The case study procedure revealed that Nigeria spent merely two thousand Naira per capita per population. This was reflected in the country’s low budgetary allocation each year, which is also the lowest in the African continent. This accounted for why the Nigeria Medical Association (NMA) embarked on strike action often as means to demonstrate inadequacies in the sector and to make the ruling elite understand the symbiosis between human and health security to prompt them to allocate resources adequately to both areas. This approach revealed that to have health security, infrastructure must be provided adequately at three levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary health centers, respectively. These levels must support each other, and the services should be accessible, available and affordable. Health security must form part of the agenda for public policy in the health sector because it is unknown to public policy drivers and the National Planning Commission that design developmental plans for Nigeria. In the absence of a functional national health insurance scheme, affordable health security, is an alternative. This is one of the major ways in which the life-expectancy of Nigerians, who live in a country surrounded by brutish living conditions, can improve. Amongst others, this study proposed that the ruling elite should obtain their healthcare needs within the country, whilst all employers who have 25-30 employees, should establish a health insurance scheme for their employee
Economic Investigation of Lagrange Multiplier if Cost of Inputs and Budget Size of a Firm Increase: A Profit Maximization Endeavor
Full text linkIn this study method of Lagrange multiplier is considered to investigate profit maximization policy. In the twenty first century global economy faces serious complexities. Sensitivity analysis of economic firms becomes essential part of sustainable economic environment. The method of Lagrange multiplier is a very useful and powerful technique in multivariable calculus that is applied in economic models to obtain higher dimensional unconstrained problem from the lower dimensional constrained problems. This paper proceeds with Cobb-Douglas production function, where 6×6 bordered Hessian and 6×6 Jacobian are used to examine sensitivity analysis efficiently and elaborately
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF WORK ETHICS IN NIGERIA’S PUBLIC SECTOR
No full textThe Nigerian public service is crucial to the country’s economic development. This is because a vibrant public service sector is able to harness effectively overhead taxes and also account for public expenditure at all levels. The objective of this study is to investigate how public servants perceive work ethics to positively influence organization success and productivity in Nigeria public sector. In this study, researcher used qualitative to analyse the response of 15 individuals from the public who have visited a typical public office at least 3 times within the last one years. An interview form containing 7 items was administered, and the results was analyzed from themes that give true picture of the perception of respondents. It was observed that worker in public service are not professional enough, taking their jobs with levity. As a result, this study recommends publics service reforms
FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN FORMS OF CRISES – A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CRISES
Full text linkThis article presents the variety of types of crises in human society. The reader is briefly introduced to the essence and content of the concept of crisis, as well as the concept of the human security, which emphasizes that in addition to traditional security threats, the world nowadays faces a number of modern forms of global threats. The crises caused by military conflicts; crimes against humanity; usage of weapons of mass destruction; terrorism and organized crime; natural crises and environmental degradation; economic crises and poverty; social crises; health and infectious disease crises; crises caused by globalization and by a change in the value system and morality of people; political and governance crises are presented in more detail in order to fully achieve the informative goal of the article
CONDITIONS AND FACTORS AFFECTING POSITIVE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Full text linkAbstract: In the context of globalization, the investment attractiveness of a country is essential for the economy of the country. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting the inflow of foreign direct investment in the example of the Kyrgyz Republic as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The paper introduces the ways and changes in the country’s investment activities and explains how the country attempts to attract investors and improve state legislation, ideology, and economic policy to create a favorable investment climate. The investment climate discussed in this paper as a set of factors plays a decisive role in attracting investment to the country's economy. In addition, this paper identifies the factors determining investment climate that depend on political stability, the transparent legal framework, the tax coefficient, and the attractive benefits, and concludes by emphasizing that all of these factors create a favorable climate for investors and help the Kyrgyz Republic to form a positive investment image.
Keywords: the Kyrgyz Republic, investment attractiveness, investment climate, state investment policy
A STUDY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES)
No full textThe study investigated HRM policies and practices on employee commitment to determine their relationship and effects on employee commitment using the SMEs in the South-West, Nigeria as the unit of analysis. The study identified recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation and reward systems, performance appraisal, working conditions, and employee participation as the prevailing HRM policies and practices in the SMEs and singled out compensation and reward systems, working conditions, and employee participation. A multi-sampling technique and survey research method was adopted while copies of questionnaires were administered to 369 respondents. It was found that there exists a positive relationship between HRM policies and practices and employee commitment while compensation and reward systems, working conditions, and employee participation in decision-making have more effects than other variables and R2 of 76% can also explain the variation on employee commitment. It was concluded that among all the activities embarked upon by the SMEs, in South-West, Nigeria towards the attainment of business objectives, HRM policies, and practices have a more significant effect on employee commitment most especially compensation and reward systems, working conditions, and employee participation. Thus, recommended that reward systems should be made competitive through environmental surveys and objectivity should prevail in the practice of the HRM policies
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVES OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA UNDER THE INCIDENCE OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND RISKS
Full text linkThe hospitality industry in Romania is faced with a number of factors that unbalance the sustainable prospects of this industry, mentioning: the incidence of the pandemic context, the increase in inflation, the general increase in prices, the increase in electricity and heat tariffs, as well as the increase in the salary level of employees integrated in the activity the hospitality industry. Starting from 2020, tourist operators face the decrease in the number of tourists, as well as the exponential increase in costs resulting from the provision of tourist activity. Looking from this perspective, organizations operating in the hospitality industry are exposed to global socio-economic risks, limiting the innovative perspectives necessary for the development of this industry. Through the article, the incidence of negative socio-economic perspectives on the hospitality industry is measured, identifying the main factors that determined the decrease in the activity and profitability of economic organizations. The content of the article focuses on the innovative perspectives of the hospitality industry, presenting rural tourism and psychotherapeutic tourism as a pillar of tourism recovery and resilience identified in the national context