Annals of Spiru Haret University
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TWO CRITERIA FOR GOOD MEASUREMENTS IN RESEARCH: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Get PDFReliability and validity are two most important and fundamental features in the evaluation of any measurement instrument or toll for a good research. The purpose of this research is to discuss the validity and reliability of measurement instruments that are used in research. Validity concerns what an instrument measures, and how well it does so. Reliability concerns the faith that one can have in the data obtained from use of an instrument, that is, the degree to which any measuring tool controls for random error. An attempt has been taken here to review the reliability and validity, and threat to them in some details
The importance of finance and banking marketing in the present conditions
Get PDFTaking into consideration the complexity and dynamics of economic and social life, in general, and especially actual environment which the economic entities and, particularly, the financial and economic crisis facing humanity, the role and the importance of marketing in the financial-banking activities is growing. This role is referring at: actual economic and social dynamism, providing financial and banking liquidity, managing financial and banking risk and customer operations. Responsible for the increased importance of the current banking and financial marketing are factors such as: significant increase in the services sector, in general, and banking one, in particular; complexity and dynamic of marketing environment, especially, the banking sector, increased competition regarding this area and, not least, the effects of the current crisis. In such a context, significant efforts are required towards the improvement of marketing activity, both macroeconomic and banking units in each part
How functional measurement of the traditional foods can raise the knowingness of old recipes used in Romania and Diaspora
Get PDFThe present research continues a European project on “sustainable exploitation of bioactive components from the Black Sea Area traditional foods”. Known as Base Food, it was a collaborative program, funded by European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, few years ago. The initial research brought together scientists from countries situated around the Black Sea together with consultants from Italy, United Kingdom, Greece, Portugal and Serbia. Farther the medical, nutritional and technological approaches (Campos S., Doxey J., & Hammond D., 2011, pp. 1496-1506) in the initial project, the Romanian team initiated a unique and outstanding valuable contribution and extended the local research towards socio-economic tracks. Thus, specific aspects were analysed and detailed within certain doctoral programmes. The present paper is emphasizing farther elements, remained collateral, when the main research was considered
Critical marketing - defining the field
Get PDFThe aim of this book is to explore marketing less visible sub-areas – Critical Marketing. We are facing a significant current of research and publications in the field of marketing, and management that takes a critical stance. Critical research in marketing however has lagged some way behind other management academic subjects in its volume and visibility.This book is the first book on Critical Marketing that provides a compilation of original papers from well-known critical authors within marketing. The idea of such a book arose from a series of Critical Marketing seminars, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, UK. These seminars were designed to bring together an international group of scientists from a wide range of marketing areas to foster a strong critical forum within the academic marketing community
Critical analysis of IAS 2 „Stocks”, version of 2005
Get PDFThis research paper aims to achieving a comparative analysis of the two versions of IAS 2 „Stocks” (variants of 1993 and 2005). The research is part of a larger study regarding the accounting processes carried out for the acknowledgement and assessment of the company stock, and the purpose of the study is to develop a new framework methodology for the acknowledgement and assessment of stocks. The research is based on a series of work hypotheses: (I1) IAS 2 variant of 1993 needs to be reviewed according to the regulations and normatives in force; (I2) the necessity to review IAS variant of 1993 derives from the critics raised by the regulating authorities for stock and shares, by the professional accountants and by other interested parties, with regard to the reduction or elimination of alternatives, redundancies and conflicts from standards, and the solving of convergence issues; (I3) the 2005 variant of IAS 2 is the result of a limited reviewing of the 1993 variant of IAS 2, and needs to be further modified
Peculiarities of marketing communications in cultural marketing
Get PDFExtending the application of marketing science specific concepts and principles in various sectors would not have been possible without their gradual evolution, in terms of customization and differentiation tailored for a specific field. This phenomenon regarding marketing evolution in terms of both extensively and intensively way, led to the emergence and consolidation of a set of concepts adapted also for cultural products and services market, or in other words for culture “consumption”.This article highlights a number of marketing communications specific elements, derived from the peculiarities of modern culture consumer and the latest technologies interference in the creation and delivery of cultural products and services.Given the high degree of consumer involvement in relation to the needs that underlie consumption of cultural products and services, as well as the dimension specific for an artistic act in some cases, marketing communications has to respond to particular challenges in the process of building customer-provider relationship
The Impact Of Corruption On Economic Development: Case Study Romania
Get PDFIn the last decade, Romania implemented a strong legislation and a comprehensive program of public financial management reform in order to improve the national fiscal transparency and to reduce corruption.Corruption is a growing phenomenon all over the world, affecting economic development and aggravated by the legacy of the global economic crisis. The global risks are different from the past due to notably cyber attacks, new economic realities and geopolitical risks. Most of the time, corruption is associated with financial crime, fraud and bribery. Corruption is a major factor of reducing economic development and the governments must increase of macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts in order to facilitate access to the public funds.
Crisis and development (one year of crisis in Romania)
Get PDFThe papers show the impact of financial crisis in Romanian economy. In the middle of 2008, when the current financial crisis had begun to be felt in many developed countries of the world, like the U.S., but also with the European countries as Germany, Britain, France, Spain, Italy, Romania is still considered far from these influences, and after some even immune to the effects of the crisis. Romania being part of European financial and economic system and world, could not escape the effects of the crisis that began to manifest with virulence in late 2008 and fully in 2009, with a certain gap with developed countries affected by crisis even in 2007. Besides the contagion determined by foreign markets, the Romanian economy has been affected by the influence of internal factors (high current account deficit to be financed, high external debt, mainly short-term delay of effective anti-crisis measures)
CYBERNETIC MODEL OF THE ECONOMIC AGENT
Get PDFThe paper is based on the synthesis of the economic systems and processes management. It analysis the cybernetic characteristics of the economy, it defines in a system manner the market and analysis its characteristic traits and synthesizes the cybernetic characteristics of the economic agent. In the first part of the paper the systemic and cybernetic traits of the market that determines the behavior and functionality of the economic systems are identified. In the second part are presented the economic agents, categorized in elementary agents and aggregate agents. At the end the economic agents are shown from the systemic, cybernetic perspective
FORCED INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ROMANIA AND FOREIGN TRADE CHANGES DURING SOCIALISM
Get PDFDuring the 40 years (1949-1989) of centralized management of the economy, Romania was transformed from an agrarian-industrial country into an industrial-agrarian country, but not beyond the stage of a developing country.Planning the formation of the accumulation fund and the fixed funds allocation made possible to faster diversify and increase the industrial production.In a first stage, during the 8th decade (1971-1980), the increase in imports of capital goods needed in industries’ technology revamping engendered the growth of Romania's foreign debt.In the 9th decade, the policy of forced payment of previously accumulated foreign debt was achieved by aggressive compression of imports and boost of exports.At the end, in 1989, Romania's foreign trade structure corresponded almost completely to the structure of the supply from the countries producing industrial processed goods. From this point of view, Romania became, after four decades of accelerated development, an acceptable client to Western exporters.