Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Portal de Revistas da UNIRIO
Not a member yet
7108 research outputs found
Sort by
THE AARHUS CONVENTION – THE LEGAL CULTURAL PICTURE
Full text linkThe Aarhus Convention was ratified in France on the 8th July 2002 and came into force on the 6th October 2002 by the Law n° 2002-285 of 28 February 2002.The Convention was then applied by the Decree of 12 September 2002. Generally speaking, the Convention did not bring about many legislative changes. Even before the Convention was adopted France had some provisions on what are known as the three pillars. This notwithstanding, the rights provided in the Convention are still not fully enforceable in France and the report will outline some of the reasons for this.One peculiarity of the French situation is that the courts had an important role to play. Indeed, citizens and NGOs have seen the Convention as an opportunity to improve their rights and since the ratification they started to invoke it before the French courts.The Conseil d’Etat (State Council, the highest administrative court) plays an important role in terms of integration of both EU and international law into the domestic law. The administrative courts have laid down the conditions under which an international provision is to be given direct effect, with a mechanism that resembles to the “direct effect” principle in EU. Since the 1989 Nicolo case, the Conseil d’Etat changed its position and ruled that it was allowed to check the compliance of a measure with an international treaty, even if this measure was posterior to the treaty. This offered the courts the occasion to interpret the Aarhus Convention and to define its legal impact on domestic law. The Convention is a mixed agreement because it is an international law instrument but it is also – to some extent – part of EU law. Without going into details, this basically means that many among its provisions are to be applied by the French courts, whether or not the legislation has been transposed and implemented. As a consequence, according to the Conseil d'Etat, the provisions in the first and second pillars, which have been implemented by the EU Directive, can be invoked by individuals. On the contrary, individuals cannot avail themselves of the rights bestowed in the third pillar as long as the Directive on access to justice proposed by the European Commission is not enacted. Moreover, the Conseil d'Etat has recognised direct effects to a few provisions of the Aarhus Convention only, having chosen “a soft interpretation of this treaty’s requirements”. More specifically, the Conseil d’Etat recognises direct effect on the basis of the analysis of each individual paragraph in any of the Convention articles rather than taking any article as a whole. So far, the Conseil d'Etat has held that the provisions of Article 6, paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 7, of the Convention are directly applicable in the domestic legal order. The provisions of Article 6, paragraphs 4, 6, 8, and 9, and of Articles 7, 8, and 9, paragraphs 3 and 5, instead were held to merely establish obligations between the Member States. In other words, the provisions last listed have no direct effect in the domestic legal order and they can thus be invoked only by the claimant or by the defender.Finally, it has to be noted that French environmental policy has been strengthened thanks to a political process called the “Grenelle de l’Environnement” (Environment Roundtable). Among the outcomes from these environment roundtables are that the Grenelle I and GrenelleII statutes, each containing provisions collecting, modifying and, to some extent, strengthening the French Environment Code and addressing compliance with the Aarhus Convention.
OVERCOMING THE COLONIALITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES
Full text linkThis research highlights the need to recognize one more category of refugees – environmental refugees. After all, climate change has increasingly encouraged the increasing displacement of individuals across national boundaries. Nevertheless, they do not fit into the traditional forms of refuge prescribed by international law. Thus, we argue that this view originates from a limitation in international law of who can effectively ‘prescribe the Law’– that is, who may suggest/create legal rules in this sphere, which is an expression of the ‘coloniality of knowledge’ that still exists, and whose recognition may be a way of “freeing” the Global South
O MOMENTO DA REALIZAÇÃO DO ESTUDO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EM CONCESSÕES COMUNS DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS: antes ou depois da licitação
Full text linkTrata-se de artigo cujo objeto é analisar a obrigatoriedade ou a possibilidade de dispensa de elaboração do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e do respectivo Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA) de serviços cemitérios e funerários, atividade potencialmente danosa ao meio ambiente, antes da publicação do edital que visa conceder o serviço público
RESPONSABILIDADE EM GRANDES DESASTRES AMBIENTAIS: UM TEMA PARA O DIREITO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Full text linkResenha do livro Indústria e desastre: os legados de Mariana e Brumadinho, de Luciana P. Brandolin
A FRAGILIDADE ARGUMENTATIVA DO DÉFICIT COMO JUSTIFICATIVA CENTRAL DA PROPOSTA DE REFORMA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL (PEC N. 06/2019) E SEUS REFLEXOS NO IDEÁRIO DA EFETIVIDADE DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Full text linkPretende-se com este breve ensaio uma reflexão sobre o central argumento que se pretende justificar a proposta apresentada para a reforma do modelo previdenciário nacional através da PEC. n.06/2019. Para tanto, será explorada a matriz constitucional que confere vida e justificativa da proteção previdenciária, e a alocação dentro do ordenamento jurídico com sua especial posição fundante. Posteriormente, serão traçadas as bases da proposta de reforma e os argumentos justificadores, para, na sequência, aprofundar o basilar fundamento do modelo deficitário como exclusiva premissa que justifique o intento reformador. Também, será objeto de análise a fragilidade argumentativa usada para a defesa da reforma sob essa perspectiva econômica apenas e o impacto de seu uso no ambiente construído de efetividade dos direitos fundamentais. Para tanto, se valendo dos métodos analítico e descritivo, este sintético estudo objetiva compreender as raízes da proposta e o impacto de seu processamento no planejamento de efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sob o exclusivo viés apresentado
LA PARTECIPAZIONE CHE FA BENE ALL’AMBIENTE: OLTRE AARHUS E A FAVORE DELLO SVILUPPO DI UNA SCIENZA CIVICA E DI COMUNITÀ
No full textThe Italian administrative court (first instance : Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Sezione I Ter) 5 maggio 2016, n. 5274.) quenches a decision of the Regione Lazio that approved the extension to certain categories of waste without a sufficient scrutiny on the effective environmental risks and without involving the interested parties in the decision making process. According to the court, the procedural guarantees are the paradigm for the explication of the precautionary principle and shall be implemented, regardless of whether the Aarhus Convention applies or not. The participatory rights shall be granted to the interested parties, including agricultural holdings
A FORMAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DO MEIO AMBIENTE
Full text linkO artigo busca examinar as origens da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente como forma de reação às pressões internacionais efetuadas sobre o País durante a Conferência da Organização Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente Humano (Estocolmo -1972), assim como busca demonstrar que o crescimento da poluição decorrente do crescimento econômico pós 1964 fez com que os estados membros da federação criassem soluções próprias para o problema. A existência do então vigente conceito de segurança nacional, altamente centralizador, implicou na elaboração de uma pol[itica ambiental cuja principal característica era o esvaziamento das competências estaduais. Por outro lado, não de pode deixar de lado a influência do pensamento ambientalista na formação de tal política, demonstrando as suas contradições