Universitas Ahmad Dahlan: UAD Scientific Journal
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Potential Effects of Javanese Chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) Kombucha to Reduce Hyperglycemic and Maintain Spatial Memory: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Full text linkType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are diseases which incidence and prevalence increase with age. Diabetic patients have 50-75% higher risk of developing AD compared to patients without diabetes. This study aimed to determine the potential effect of Javanese chili kombucha to reduce hyperglycemia and to act as a neuroprotective in diabetes patients with a risk of AD complications through in vitro and in vivo studies. The experiment carried out was fermentation of Javanese chili kombucha for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. Organoleptic tests, pH measurements, total titratable acidity (TTA), antioxidant tests and α-amylase inhibition tests were conducted to determine the best duration for kombucha fermentation. Phytochemical screening and in vivo tests using 5 groups of rats included measurements of fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA) assay and antidementia (T-maze). The 9th day fermentation preparation was the best preparation, with organoleptic test results of brown color, sour smell with a pH of 3.43 (safe), an antioxidant IC50 value of 10.5 (very strong), an α-amylase inhibition IC50 value of 117.14 (moderate) and TTA 1.44 (normal). Phytochemical screening results show that Javanese chili kombucha contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids/steroids, saponins, and phenolics. Based on in vivo tests, Javanese chili kombucha can reduce FBG levels and can maintain the spatial memory of experimental animals with a statistically significant T-maze duration time between groups. The MDA level test showed oxidative stress results that were not significantly different between groups
The Effect of Educational Videos on the Driving Safety and Health Behavioral Domain of Drivers in PERUM DAMRI Bus Yogyakarta
Full text linkBackground: Traffic accidents remain one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia, especially in public transportation sectors such as buses. Human error, influenced by a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), plays a major role. Preventive efforts such as OSH promotion using engaging and educational video media are needed to reduce accident rates and increase driver safety. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. The population consisted of 63 bus drivers from Perum DAMRI Yogyakarta, divided into an experimental group (31) and a control group (32). The research instrument used structured pretest and posttest questionnaires to assess knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample t-Test and Independent t-Test. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge and attitudes of the experimental group after the intervention. The Paired Sample t-Test indicated a significant increase in knowledge (p=0.000) and attitude (p=0.000). Furthermore, the Independent t-Test showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both knowledge (p=0.001) and attitude (p=0.002). Conclusion: The educational video on bus driving safety had a significant positive impact on improving the OSH behavioral domain, specifically knowledge and attitudes, among Perum DAMRI drivers in Yogyakarta. This media can serve as an effective tool for safety promotion and accident prevention in the transportation sector
Sustainable Diets in Southeast Asia: Development, Barriers, and Opportunities
Full text linkBackground: Southeast Asia is experiencing a dietary shift from traditional plant-based diets to Westernized, processed foods, contributing to rising non-communicable diseases and environmental degradation. Given the significant impact of global food production on greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater consumption, and biodiversity loss, promoting sustainable diets in Southeast Asia is critical. This review aims to explore the current progress, barriers, and opportunities in adopting sustainable diets across the region.
Method: A scoping review was conducted using a systematic framework to map the existing literature on sustainable diets in Southeast Asia. A total of 37 studies were identified and analyzed to understand the progress, barriers, and opportunities in adopting sustainable diets.
Results: The review shows varying levels of progress across Southeast Asia, with countries like Indonesia and Malaysia advancing through government policies and sustainable agriculture practices. However, economic, cultural, and infrastructural barriers hinder broader adoption. Promising opportunities include leveraging alternative protein sources and the region’s biodiversity.
Conclusion: While Southeast Asia has substantial potential for implementing sustainable diets, overcoming economic, cultural, and infrastructural challenges will require coordinated efforts between governments, stakeholders, and communities. Collaborative action is necessary to promote food systems that benefit public health and the environment
AI-powered whatsapp chatbots for maternal and child health: a quasi-experimental study among pregnant women in Indonesia
Full text linkMaternal and child health remains a critical priority in global health strategies, particularly in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, maternal mortality remains significantly higher than the SDG target, underscoring the urgent need for accessible and high-quality maternal health information. Digital innovations, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based chatbots, have emerged as promising tools to help bridge this gap. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Meta-AI chatbot delivered via WhatsApp in improving pregnant women’s access to maternal and child health information. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed, involving 30 pregnant women in Singasari Village, Tasikmalaya Regency. Participants received a one-time training session on accessing health information—particularly related to pregnancy care—through the Meta-AI WhatsApp chatbot, supported by a guidance booklet. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire that assessed participants’ knowledge and skills before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention scores. The results demonstrated significant improvements in both knowledge and skills. Knowledge scores increased from 5.00 (SD = 2.00) to 9.40 (SD = 0.85), t(29) = 29.0, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.88, 95% CI [1.27, 2.47]. Similarly, skills scores rose from 26.5 (SD = 5.40) to 36.7 (SD = 3.02), t(29) = 29.0, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.31, 95% CI [1.61, 2.99]. These findings indicate that the Meta AI chatbot, accessed via WhatsApp, significantly enhanced pregnant women’s knowledge and skills, thereby improving access to accurate maternal health information, strengthening health literacy, and supporting informed decision-making. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this intervention and its potential integration into public health systems
Health-seeking behavior in dengue hemorrhagic fever in Primary Health Care
Full text linkDengue hemorrhagic fever poses a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2022, Bantul Regency recorded 957 cases of dengue fever. This study aims to describe the practices and factors that influence health-seeking behavior among people at the Kasihan I Community Health Center in Bantul Regency. Method: This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach. The data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively, and the results are presented in percentage form. Results: 52.6% of respondents visited a doctor when symptoms appeared. Sixty-nine point three percent of respondents believed the fever symptoms they were experiencing were due to the common cold. 94% of respondents visited a doctor when they had dengue fever. 37.8% of respondents visited a health facility on the day they first experienced symptoms. 60.4% of respondents visited the health center most often. 61.7% of respondents had a blood test on the third day after the fever appeared. 71.1% of respondents had sufficient knowledge about dengue fever. 77.9% of respondents had a fair attitude towards dengue fever. 93% of respondents rated the availability of health services as available. 90.1% of respondents considered the cost and distance of health services to be affordable. 92.4% of respondents rated access to health services as easy. Conclusion: Most respondents consulted a doctor for dengue fever symptoms, often mistaking them for a cold. They primarily visited primary healthcare facilities, with blood tests usually done on the third day of fever. Overall, respondents had adequate knowledge and positive attitudes about dengue, along with good access to affordable healthcare services
Determinants of menstrual pain severity among female medical students: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkDysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is one of the most common gynecological complaints among women of reproductive age, particularly among female students. Its impact extends beyond physical discomfort, affecting academic performance, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, few studies have examined the determinants of menstrual pain severity among female medical students in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the determinants of menstrual pain severity among female medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. A cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study was conducted in November 2024, involving 112 participants selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire and analyzed with Spearman’s rho correlation and ordinal regression to assess associations between menstrual pain severity and independent variables, including body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics, and exercise habits. Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between menstrual pain severity and BMI (p = 0.004), age at menarche (p = 0.032), and exercise frequency (p = 0.038). However, in the adjusted multivariate regression model, only menstrual cycle length greater than 35 days remained significantly associated with increased pain severity (B = 1.143; p = 0.017). Other hypothesized predictors, including BMI, age at menarche, and exercise, did not retain independent effects after adjustment. In conclusion, irregular menstrual cycles—particularly very long cycles—were identified as the only independent determinant of increased menstrual pain severity among female students. These findings underscore the importance of considering menstrual cycle patterns when exploring risk factors for dysmenorrhea, while suggesting that commonly presumed predictors may not directly influence pain severity in this population
Sago Porridge Enriched with Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract: A Functional Food with Enhanced Sensory and Nutritional Properties
Full text linkSago, one of Indonesia’s staple foods, holds significant potential for food diversification due to its high carbohydrate content. However, despite its nutritional benefits, sago consumption remains less popular than corn and potatoes. Sago porridge, a traditional food product, can be developed into a healthy alternative, but its translucent brown color is visually unappealing, affecting consumer acceptance. This study aims to evaluate the optimal concentration of red dragon fruit extract as a natural colorant to enhance the visual appeal of sago porridge. The research method involved testing varying concentrations of red dragon fruit extract (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) through sensory evaluation and physical analysis. Results showed that a 6% concentration yielded the highest acceptability, with the following physical properties: strawberry red color (L*:48.4; a*:70.8; b*:21.5), viscosity of 56,000 mPas, texture force of 8.7980 N, and pH of 7.21. This study contributes through the innovative use of red dragon fruit extract as a natural colorant, improving both the visual appeal and nutritional value of sago porridge. The optimal 6% concentration provides a practical reference for local food industries to produce value-added products, supporting food diversification based on local resources and aligning with global trends in healthy, natural foods
Encapsulation of Dadih with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic: Effect on Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Probiotic Instant Milk
Full text linkThe conversion of dadih, a traditional Indonesian fermented buffalo milk, into a probiotic instant milk powder can enhance its shelf life and commercial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of encapsulating dadih using maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) on the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of the resulting probiotic instant milk. The dadih was encapsulated with varying MD and GA ratios (100%:0%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40%, 50%:50%) and processed using freeze drying. Moisture, ash, protein, fat content, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability were analyzed. The results showed that higher gum Arabic content increased moisture and ash, while maltodextrin contributed to higher protein and fat retention. The highest LAB count was observed in the 100% MD formulation, indicating that maltodextrin was more effective in preserving probiotics. Sensory evaluation indicated that the 70% MD and 30% GA formulations provided the best texture and flavor making them the most preferred among consumers. This study concludes that the encapsulation ratio of MD and GA plays a crucial role in optimizing the physicochemical properties, probiotic survival, and sensory quality of the probiotic instant milk, offering valuable insights for improving product stability and consumer acceptance
Language and communication strategies for climate change engagement among Indonesian millennials and gen z
Full text linkThis study examines how language and communication strategies can influence the perception and response of Gen-Millennials and Gen-Z towards climate change issues in Indonesia. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 127 respondents consisting of 77 Gen-Z and 50 Gen-Millennials, and presented concisely and structured through frequency tables and illustrative diagrams. The data analysis process was carried out through several stages, namely descriptive analysis, inferential analysis, and then interpreting the findings. The findings show that the intensity of social media use from Gen-Millennials is more often aimed at seeking information than Gen-Z which is only for entertainment, the result is that Gen-M interacts more often with climate change issues than Gen-Z, although both still consider it important. Furthermore, persuasive technical terms have the potential to increase the motivation of both generations to be directly involved in climate change action. This study highlights the need for targeted communication strategies to increase public awareness and engagement on climate change issues. These findings enrich approaches to language teaching and intercultural training, particularly in the context of environmental education, broaden understanding of intergenerational communication styles in environmental advocacy, and provide practical insights for developing impactful campaigns tailored to generational preferences, thereby contributing to the success of climate advocacy efforts in Indonesia