Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Análisis bibliométrico de medio ambiente en minería
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to perform an in-depth and detailed bibliometric analysis of the interrelationship between "Mining" and "Environment". From an initial total of 56,329 documents in Scopus, the research focused on specific topics related to engineering, culminating in 3,742 relevant documents. Using the advanced tools VOSviewer and Bi-bliometrix, an illustrative knowledge map was constructed, revealing essential connections between authors, with Abraham, J. and Kimijima, S. emerging as leading figures in the field of mining and environment. Key institutions and international collaborations were identified, highlighting the prominence of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Notably, a significant increase in academic output was recorded during 2023. In addition, an in-clination in the use of terms such as "Mining", "Heavy Metals" and "Environment" was detected. This study enriches the existing literature, highlighting emerging trends, prominent leaders and fundamental links in the field of mining and the environment.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis bibliométrico profundo y detallado sobre la interrelación entre "Minería" y "Medio ambiente". De un total inicial de 56,329 documentos en Scopus, la investigación se centró en temáticas específicas relacionadas con la ingeniería, culminando en 3,742 documentos de relevancia. Mediante el uso de las herramientas avanzadas VOSviewer y Bibliometrix, se construyó un mapa de conocimiento ilustrativo, poniendo de manifiesto conexiones esenciales entre autores, con Abraham, J. y Kimijima, S. emergiendo como figuras líderes en el campo de la minería y medio ambiente. Se identificaron instituciones claves y colaboraciones internacionales, subrayando la prominencia de la Universidad Al-Farabi Kazakh National. Notablemente, se registró un incremento significativo en la producción académica durante el año 2023. Además, se detectó una inclinación en el uso de términos como “Mining”, “Heavy Metals” y “Environment”. Este estudio enriquece la literatura existente, subrayando tendencias emergentes, líderes destacados y nexos fundamentales en el ámbito de la minería y el medio ambiente
Effect of heat processing on bioactive compounds of dehydrated (lyophilized) purple mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
Get PDFMashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) is an Andean tuber rich in phenolic compounds and glucosinolates, known for its consumption that allows the prevention and/or reduction of getting diseases. The present research evaluated the effect of different types of post-harvest management (sunny, bleached, and freeze-dried) on glucosinolate content and its relationship with myrosinase activity. It is also important to note that when plant cells are damaged and glucosinolates meet the plant's myrosinase, which hydrolyzes them and degrades them to other compounds. In the present research, the types of glucosinolates, the content of glucosinolates and the activity of myrosinase of the purple variety of fresh raw mashua and in mashua treated by several types of processing were evaluated, including the previous treatment (sunny and unscrewed), the boiling treatment and the microwave treatment, with whitening times of 3, 4, 5 and 6 minutes, being the condition of the tuber at the time of bleaching in whole form and by cutting, to then be subsequently subjected to lyophilization treatments. Five glucosinolatos (GSL) were identified: 5-methylsulfinilpentile, 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxy-3-indolylmethyl, benzyl and 4-methoxybenzyl, of which 4-methoxybenzyl glucosinolate is the most abundant, symbolizing 98% and 95% of the total GSL in the purple ecotype. According to the total concentration of glucosinolates found in the studied variety (purple), it must be 74.22 and 110.60 micromoles per gram of dry base (μmol/g dry weight), so mashua can be considered, the edible plant with the highest existing GSL content
Extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure
Get PDFThe purple corn cob is an agro-industrial by-product that contains high-value bioactive compounds, which makes its use attractive for the development of extraction processes. The aim of this research was to extract the bioactive compounds from the purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure at different processing temperatures. Pressures of 0.01 MPa, 250 MPa, 450 MPa and 650 MPa for 3 minutes and at temperatures of 25 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C were used. High pressure extraction was compared with conventional extraction (2.5 h at 25°C). The purple corn cob extract obtained by isostatic processing at 650 MPa and 65 °C presented high antioxidant activity and content of bioactive compounds, unlike the conventional extraction of 2.5 h and 65 °C (p < 0.05). However, it did not show a significant difference with the extract obtained at 450 MPa and 45 °C (p > 0.05). Seven different anthocyanins were identified by liquid chromatography in the extracts obtained by high isostatic pressure (650 MPa at 65 °C) and hydroalcoholic maceration (2.5 h at 65 °C), mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, and their respective malonyl derivatives. The high isostatic pressure increased the extraction of bioactive compounds by more than 50% and obtained them in shorter times, thus appearing as a new alternative, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant tissues
Distribuição espacial e profundidade efetiva das raízes de camu-camu com e sem cobertura vegetal morta
Get PDFIn South America, o camu-camu has been domesticated, however, for its cultivation there is still little technical information to guarantee its adaptability and productivity in places with a well-defined dry season. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution of the root system and determine the effective depth (EP) of roots in camu-camu plants with and without mulch (WM) in uplands conditions. In an orchard, 3 plants with 3, 5 and 7 years each were chosen at random. Then mulch composed of grass (Trachypogon plumosus) was placed on a plant of each age in the canopy projection. After 12 months, the volume and EP of the roots in the 3-year-old plants with mulch was 200 mm3 and 0.3 m, and without mulch it was 500 mm3 and 0.48 m, respectively. In 5-year-old plants it was 4000 mm3 and 0.43 m with mulch, and without mulch it was 6000 mm3 and 0.64 m; and in plants with 7 years old, the volume and PE of the roots with mulch were 12000 mm3 and 0.58 m, and without mulch of 10000 mm3 and 0.71 m, respectively. The effective depth equivalent to 80% of the root concentration was lower with the use of dead vegetation cover, which is very important for the camu-camu crop, as it allows the application of a more precise and efficient water layer through irrigation.Em América do Sul o camu-camu vêm sendo domesticado, no entanto, para seu cultivo ainda são poucas as informações técnicas para garantir sua adaptabilidade e produtividade em locais com estação seca bem definida. O objetivo neste estudo foi caracterizar a distribuição espacial do sistema radicular e determinar a profundidade efetiva (PE) das raízes em plantas de camu-camu com e sem cobertura vegetal morta (CVM) em condições de terra firme. Num pomar foram escolhidas ao acaso 3 plantas com 3, 5 e 7 anos, cada. Logo foi colocada CVM composta de capim (Trachypogon plumosus) em uma planta de cada idade na projeção da copa. Após 12 meses o volume e PE das raízes nas plantas de 3 anos com CVM foi de 200 mm3 e 0,3 m, e sem CVM foi de 500 mm3 e 0,48 m, respectivamente. Nas plantas com 5 anos foi de 4000 mm3 e 0,43 m com CVM, e sem CVM foi de 6000 mm3 e 0,64 m; e nas plantas com 7 anos o volume e PE das raízes com CVM foram de 12000 mm3 e 0,58 m, e sem CVM de 10000 mm3 e 0,71 m, respectivamente. A profundidade efetiva equivalente ao 80% da concentração das raízes foi menor com o uso de cobertura vegetal morta, o que é muito importante para a cultura do camu-camu, pois permite aplicar uma lâmina de água mais precisa e eficiente por meio da irrigação
Halquinol and nanoencapsulated essential oils: A comparative study on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broiler chickens
Get PDFDiets supplemented with halquinol and/or nanoencapsulated essential oils (N-EOs) have shown positive effects on the productive parameters of broiler chickens. However, there is limited comparative evidence between these two products. This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of N-EOs blends with halquinol as dietary supplements for broiler chickens. A total of 500 male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The control group received a conventional diet supplemented with halquinol (60%), while the experimental groups received supplementation with N-EOs blends derived from soursop (S), lemon (L), and eucalyptus (E) in different proportions: T1 (S:33.33%, L:33.33%, E:33.33%), T2 (S:50%, L:25%, E:25%), T3 (S:25%, L:50%, E:25%), and T4 (S:25%, L:25%, E:50%). The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that the T1 and T4 groups obtained the highest values (p < 0.05) for average daily growth rate and breast yield. The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in groups T1 and T4 (p < 0.05). All N-EOs supplemented groups exhibited higher carcass yield (p < 0.05). At day 42, the T1 group displayed increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.01), while all experimental groups showed increased villus width in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). Texture analysis revealed that N-EOs-treated groups had texture values similar to halquinol, except for the T1 group, which significantly increased hardness (p < 0.05). Bromatological analysis showed that the T4 group significantly improved the percentage of crude protein, fat, and ash compared to the halquinol-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T1 and T4 groups exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with N-EOs holds promise as a potential alternative to halquinol, with the added advantage of improved oxidative stability
Gradient method with AFEM for parameter-estimation
Get PDFWe consider the adaptive finite element discretization of parameter estimation problems for nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. The idea is to use a gradient method on the finite-dimensional parameter space for the minimization of the least-squares residual. Since the gradient involves solution of partial differential equations, it is not accesable, and is replaced by an approximation obtained by finite elements.
This results into a perturbed gradient method. We use an (a posteriori) error estimator to control the accuracy of the gradient approximation and propose an algorithm, which links the estimator to the progress of the iteration. We show convergence of the algorithm under typical structural assumptions
Álgebras y Grupos de Dolph
No full textA finite Hopf crossed product whose base ring is a finite field will be called a Dolph algebra, and the corresponding group of units will be called a Dolph group. Assuming known the crossed product of a ring and a group under a crossed mapping [1], the units of the cross products Z2[X] ⟨X2⟩ ⋊f C2 and Z3[X] ⟨X2⟩ ⋊f C2 are calculated. Furthermore, we give concrete examples of 4 classes of Hopf crossed products.A un producto cruzado de Hopf finito cuyo anillo base es un cuerpo finito se le llamará álgebra de Dolph, y al correspondiente grupo de unidades, grupo de Dolph. Asumiendo conocido el producto cruzado de un anillo y un grupo bajo una aplicación cruzada [1], se calculan las unidades de los productos cruzados Z2[X] ⟨X2⟩ ⋊f C2 y Z3[X] ⟨X2⟩ ⋊f C2. Además, damos ejemplos concretos de 4 clases de productos cruzados de Hopf
Influencia de la concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno en la detoxificación de relaves mineros cianurados
Get PDFThis research aims to compare two treatments for detoxification of cyanide mine tailings using hydrogen peroxide, the first one with a concentration of 50% and the second one with a concentration of 70%. The statistical tool ANOVA was used, together with the tukey method, to determine the differences and similarities of both treatments. The study was carried out in two trains composed of five tanks each, the treatment was randomized (DCA) for a period of 21 hours, obtaining a cyanide sample from each tank every hour. The results showed that the 70% peroxide treatment provides higher cyanide removal (<0.05 ppm), lower solvent consumption (975 kg) and lower consumption ratio (0.58 kg/m3), also, a solvent saving of 36% was obtained; the ANOVA analysis showed a significant influence between the peroxide concentration and cyanide removal, and also, that there is no relationship between the detoxification time and the final cyanide concentration for both treatments. In sum, the 70% peroxide treatment allows an effective cyanide removal, complying with the maximum permissible limits for its discharge, in accordance with the Peruvian legislation in force.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo comparar dos tratamientos de detoxificación de relaves mineros cianurados mediante el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno, el primero tuvo una concentración al 50% y el segundo al 70%. Se utilizó la herramienta estadística ANOVA, conjuntamente con el método tukey, para determinar las diferencias y similitudes de ambos tratamientos. El estudio se realizó en dos trenes compuestos de cinco tanques cada uno, el tratamiento fue al azar (DCA) durante un periodo de 21 horas, obteniéndose cada hora una muestra de cianuro de cada tanque. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con peróxido al 70% proporciona mayor remoción de cianuro (<0,05 ppm), menor consumo de solvente (975 kg) y menor ratio de consumo (0,58 kg/m3), asimismo, se obtuvo un ahorro de solvente de 36%; el análisis ANOVA permitió evidenciar la influencia significativa entre la concentración de peróxido y la eliminación de cianuro, y también, que no existe relación alguna entre el tiempo de detoxificación y la concentración final de cianuro para ambos tratamientos. En suma, el tratamiento con peróxido al 70% permite una remoción eficaz de cianuro cumpliendo con los límites máximos permisibles para su vertimiento, en concordancia con la legislación peruana vigente
La violencia física como causal de nulidad del acto jurídico por falta de manifestación de voluntad
Get PDFConforme a lo señalado en el artículo 140° del Código Civil, el acto jurídico es la manifestación de voluntad destinada a crear, regular, modificar o extinguir relaciones jurídicas. Por intermedio de dicha manifestación, las partes dan a conocer entre sí su real intención, debiendo existir correlación entre lo manifestado y lo querido por estas; sin embargo, desde la formación de la voluntad interna hasta su exteriorización, existen situaciones que perturban dicha correlación, como es el caso de los “vicios de la voluntad”. Entre estos vicios, existe la violencia física, que consiste en una coacción material ejercida sobre el declarante a efectos de forzarla a declarar una voluntad que no corresponde a sus verdaderas intenciones, pues el declarante exterioriza la voluntad de quien emplea dicha coacción material, convirtiéndose en un mero instrumento de quien emplea la violencia. Así pues, el declarante manifiesta una voluntad que no corresponde a sus intenciones reales, siendo esta circunstancia un supuesto de “falta de manifestación de voluntad” y no un vicio de la voluntad de los actos jurídicos; siendo el objetivo principal de esta investigación el de identificar cuáles son los fundamentos teóricos que desarrollan la nulidad de los actos jurídicos por violencia física
Metacognición y el desarrollo de capacidades fundamentales de estudiantes del nivel secundario
Get PDFEn el contexto de la realidad problemática de la dinámica global abierta de las relaciones educativas, el artículo tuvo como propósito entender la relación del uso de la Metacognición dentro del proceso educativo para desarrollar las capacidades fundamentales del estudiante, una investigación de tipo aplicada, de enfoque cuantitativo de nivel correlacional con un diseño no experimental. Se trabajó con una población de 1.800 estudiantes. La muestra, estuvo conformada por 284 estudiantes del nivel secundario de la institución educativo El Indoamericano. En los resultados se encontraron que el 53,2% de los estudiantes del nivel secundario han desarrollado una metacognición regular, de tal manera que los mismos presentan capacidades fundaméntales regulares, donde se concluyó que existe relación positiva moderada (Rho 0,413) entre la metacognición y el desarrollo de las capacidades fundamentales lo que les permitió a los estudiantes del nivel secundario realizar mejor la resolución de un problema, pensar, relacionarse mejor con sus pares, y tener un nivel óptimo de aprendizaje