Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Características de los trabajadores de salud del seguro social-La Libertad con Covid-19 a finales de la quinta ola
Get PDFWatershed scale soil moisture estimation model using machine learning and remote sensing in a data-scarce context
Get PDFSoil moisture content can be used to predict drought impact on agricultural yield better than precipitation. Remote sensing is viable source of soil moisture data in instrument-scarce areas. However, space-based soil moisture estimates lack suitability for daily and high-resolution agricultural, hydrological, and environmental applications. This study aimed to assess the potential of the random forest machine learning technique to enhance the spatial resolution of remote soil moisture products from the SMAP satellite. Models were built using random forest for spatial downscaling of SMAP-L3-E, then visually and statistically evaluated for disaggregation quality. The impact of topography, soil properties, and precipitation on the downscaled soil moisture was examined. The relationship between downscaled soil moisture and in-situ soil moisture was analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed method demonstrated spatial and hydrological coherence, along with a satisfactory downscaling quality. Statistical validation indicated suitable generalization error for scientific and practical use (RMSE < 0.05 cm3 cm-3). Random forest effectively achieved spatial downscaling of SMAP-L3-E in the study area. Principal component and spatial analysis revealed dependence of downscaled soil moisture on elevation, soil organic carbon content, clay content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, mainly under near-saturation conditions. Regarding validation against in-situ data, downscaled soil moisture explained in-situ soil moisture well under low soil water content ( = 0.624). Downscaling performance deteriorates for water contents between 0.40 to 0.50 cm3 cm-3, suggesting inadequacy under near saturation conditions at a daily temporal frequency. However, coarser temporal aggregations (7 to 10 days) yielded an average 0.98 correlation coefficient, regardless of saturation conditions. These results could potentially be applied in irrigation planning, soil physics studies and hydrology monitoring, to forecasting the occurrence of droughts, leaching of contaminants, surface runoff modeling, carbon cycle studies, soil's capacity to store and provide nutrients.
Hígado graso no alcohólico como factor de riesgo para infarto agudo de miocardio: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction
Get PDFObjetive: To determine if non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Retrospective case-control study, which included 171 medical records of adult patients, of whom were divided into 2 groups: 57 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 114 without acute myocardial infarction. Statistical tests were the Odds Ratio (OR) and logistic regression. Results: The frequency of NAFLD in patients with acute myocardial infarction was 59.6%, the frequency of NAFLD in patients without acute myocardial infarction was 28.1%. Regarding the multivariate analysis, arterial hypertension (p=0.015; OR=2.729), advanced age (p=0.04; OR=2.281) and male sex (p=0.047; OR=2.157) were risk factors for acute myocardial infarction. myocardium. Conclusion: NAFLD is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.Objetivo: Determinar si el hígado graso no alcohólico es factor de riesgo para infarto agudo de miocardio. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles, donde se incluyó a 171 historias clínicas de pacientes adultos, de los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 57 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y 114 sin infarto agudo de miocardio. Las pruebas estadísticas fueron el Odds Ratio (OR) y la regresión logística. Resultados: La frecuencia de hígado graso no alcohólico en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio fue de 59.6%, la frecuencia de hígado graso no alcohólico en pacientes sin infarto agudo de miocardio fue de 28.1%. Respecto al análisis multivariado la hipertensión arterial (p=0.015; OR=2.729), la edad avanzada (p=0.04; OR=2.281) y el sexo masculino (p=0.047; OR=2.157) fueron factores de riesgo para infarto agudo de miocardio. Conclusión: el hígado graso no alcohólico es un factor de riesgo para infarto agudo de miocardio
Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic or Unresectable Melanoma: Is Monotherapy with Nivolumab Preferred Over Combination Therapy?
Get PDFIntroducción: Los inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico han inaugurado una revolución en el tratamiento del melanoma. El objetivo de esta revisión radica en evaluar si la combinación terapéutica de nivolumab y relatlimab conduce a una mejora tanto en la supervivencia como en la calidad de vida en comparación con el uso exclusivo de nivolumab en pacientes que padecen melanoma metastásico o irresecable. Métodos: Revisión narrativa realizada basada en evidencia publicada en las bases PubMed, Scopus, Scielo y Embase. Resultados: El análisis demuestra beneficios sustanciales en términos de supervivencia libre de progresión y, además, esta combinación terapéutica es bien tolerada por los pacientes. Varios factores de riesgo, incluida la predisposición genética, la exposición intermitente a la radiación solar y el número de nevos presentes, contribuyen al desarrollo del melanoma. Para abordar esta enfermedad, el sistema de estadificación TNM se erige como una herramienta crucial en la clasificación y estimación pronóstica. Es importante señalar que, en casos localizados, la cirugía desempeña un papel esencial, mientras que en situaciones más avanzadas, las modalidades farmacológicas, especialmente aquellas que involucran inhibidores de puntos de control inmunológico, surgen como fundamentales. La evaluación de la calidad de vida encuentra su expresión a través de cuestionarios de Resultados Reportados por el Paciente (PRO), desempeñando un papel fundamental en la toma de decisiones médicas. Los pacientes que reciben información detallada sobre los riesgos y beneficios asociados con la inmunoterapia adyuvante anti-PD1 expresan una mayor satisfacción con sus elecciones médicas. Conclusiones: Esta revisión proporciona evidencia de que la combinación terapéutica de nivolumab y relatlimab produce mejoras significativas en la supervivencia de pacientes con melanoma metastásico.Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have ushered in the melanoma treatment revolution. The aim of this review lies in evaluating whether the therapeutic combination of nivolumab and relatlimab leads to an improvement in both survival and quality of life compared to the exclusive use of nivolumab in patients suffering from metastatic or unresectable melanoma. Methods: Narrative review based on evidence published in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and Embase databases. Results: The analysis demonstrates substantial benefits in terms of progression-free survival, and furthermore, this therapeutic combination is well-tolerated by patients. Various risk factors, including genetic predisposition, intermittent exposure to solar radiation, and the number of nevi present, contribute to the development of melanoma. To address this disease, the TNM staging system stands as a crucial tool in classification and prognostic estimation. It is important to note that, in localized cases, surgery plays an essential role, while in more advanced situations, pharmacological modalities, especially those involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, emerge as fundamental. The assessment of quality of life finds its expression through Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires, playing a pivotal role in medical decision-making. Patients who receive detailed information about the risks and benefits associated with adjuvant anti-PD1 immunotherapy express greater satisfaction with their medical choices. Conclusions: This review provides evidence that the therapeutic combination of nivolumab and relatlimab yields significant improvements in the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma
Effect of moderate heat stress on tuberization of potato genotypes: Morphological and physiological changes using in vitro and ex vitro propagation
Get PDFPotato plants are often subjected to heat stress during growth and development, resulting in loss of yield and quality. However, the possibility exists that commercially important genotypes show tolerance to heat stress. In this study, we aim to investigate the morphological and physiological effects of moderate conditions of heat stress on tuberization in nine potato genotypes, and how it affects propagation using an ex vitro and in vitro system. The plant material came from the In Vitro Germplasm Bank of the International Potato Center (CIP). The incubation temperatures of the cultures in in vitro and ex vitro conditions were the ambient in the laboratory and greenhouse, respectively. In in vitro system a randomized complete block design was employed in nine genotypes, two treatments: multiplication culture medium and the same culture medium supplemented with 8.0% sucrose and 500 mg/L-1 CCC, six flasks and five explants per experimental unit. Among all genotypes evaluated, Leona and Liberteña did not form tubers under ex vitro treatment conditions. Under in vitro conditions, Amarilis, Capiro, Perricholi and Tacna showed no evidence of tuberization, and Canchán was the only genotype where 100% formation of tuberous structures were produced in all evaluations. The findings concluded in this study showed that of all the potatoes evaluated, Canchán best responded to the evaluations under both in ex vitro and in vitro conditions, at maximum temperatures between 22.4 to 26.9 and 27.0 to 28.2 oC, respectively. Therefore, it is vitally important to consider its development potential in different producing locations around the world, which are directly and indirectly affected by climate change
Ajuste osmótico y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta (Persea americana), Hass y Fuerte, con sistema de riego por goteo, en zona andina del Perú
Get PDFThe cultivation of avocado (Persea Americana) is not only essential from an economic point of view, but also plays a crucial role in the nutrition, health and well-being of populations around the world. The study was carried out in Ayacucho -Peru (latitude: 12° 53' 57'' S, longitude: 74° 16' 55'' W and altitude: 2596 masl), with the objective of evaluating the effect of the use of the technical drip irrigation system on the production and yield of two varieties of avocado, Hass and Fuerte. The study was based on the use of an irrigation system with programming by treatment with avocado plants installed in plots of 500 m² in 6 sectors, with a density of 5 x 5 m, whose age was between 5 to 16 years, of the which were considered 12 plants (6 plants with drip irrigation and 6 plants as a control with gravity irrigation). Irrigation was carried out right at the flowering and production stage, guaranteeing adequate water supply in periods of water deficit, between February and June 2022. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with six blocks of 20 plants each. The harvest carried out reported yields of 67.96 ± 8.8 t/ha under technical irrigation and 26.42 ± 4.93 t/ha under gravity irrigation, an increase of 157% with respect to the latter. As for the varieties, the Fuerte avocado had the highest yield 49.38 ± 23.06 t/ha compared to the Hass variety (45.0 ± 21.14 t/ha), the maximum yield occurred with drip irrigation for the Fuerte variety (71.09 ± 8.38 t/ha), this is explained by the energy expenditure in the osmotic adjustment potential which drastically decreases the yield potential with traditional gravity irrigation, obtaining a minimum yield in Hass of 25.18 ± 4.44 t/ha.El cultivo de palta (Persea americana) no solo es esencial desde el punto de vista económico, sino que también desempeña un papel crucial en la alimentación, la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. El estudio se realizó en Ayacucho-Perú (latitud: 12° 53’ 57’’ S, longitud: 74° 16’ 55’’ O y altitud: 2596 msnm), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de riego tecnificado por goteo en la producción y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta, Hass y Fuerte. El estudio estuvo basado en el uso de un sistema de riego con programación por tratamiento con plantas de palta instaladas en parcelas de 500 m² en 6 sectores, con una densidad de 5 x 5 m, cuya edad estuvo entre 5 a 16 años, de las cuales se consideró 12 plantas (6 plantas con riego por goteo y 6 plantas como testigo con riego por gravedad). Los riegos se efectuaron justo en la etapa de floración y producción garantizando el suministro de agua adecuado en periodos de déficit hídrico, entre febrero a junio de 2022. La cosecha realizada reporto rendimientos 67,96 ± 8,8 t/ha bajo riego tecnificado y de 26,42 ± 4,93 t/ha en riego por gravedad, siendo un incremento del 157% con respecto a este último. En cuanto a las variedades, la palta Fuerte tuvo el mayor rendimiento 49,38 ± 23,06 t/ha con respecto a la variedad Hass (45,0 ± 21,14 t/ha), el rendimiento máximo se dio con riego por goteo para a variedad Fuerte (71,09 ± 8,38 t/ha), esto es explicado por el gasto de energía en el potencial de ajuste osmótico la cual disminuye drásticamente el potencial de rendimiento con riego tradicional por gravedad, obteniendo un rendimiento mínimo en Hass de 25,18 ± 4,44 t/ha
Sensory and consumer science as a valuable tool to the development of quinoa-based food products: More than three decades of scientific evidence
Get PDFSolutions are needed to address both hunger and the promotion of healthy and sustainable diets. Quinoa, a nutritious and sustainable Andean grain, is a versatile option for creating new foods. Over the years, several technological advancements have been made to include quinoa in various food products. However, there is still a need for solid scientific evidence on the impact of quinoa on the product's acceptance. To address this scientific knowledge gap, this work aims to analyze the scientific literature over the last three decades regarding the sensory and hedonic impact of adding quinoa to food products. To do so, bibliometric methods based on the Scopus and Annual Scientific Production databases were used. After selecting and screening using the PRISMA method, seventy-four articles from 1991 to 2024 were analyzed, identifying relationships between keywords in the analyzed studies, forming a co-occurrence and co-authorship network. Results showed that quinoa has great nutritional potential when added to different food products, but its instrumental and sensory properties are modified. The nine-point hedonic scale was used to measure product acceptability in 47% of the articles. Studies on bakery products have shown that increasing the concentration of quinoa in the product formulation decreases the acceptance of the final product in 67% of cases. It is recommended to include consumer demands from a sensory and hedonic perspective when developing new products. The scientific and industrial community is encouraged to develop new food products catering to a broader consumer range
Caracterización composicional y estructural de once tipos de biomasa lignocelulósica y su potencial aplicación en la obtención de nanopolisacáridos y producción de polihidroxialcanoatos
Get PDFThe valorization and use of lignocellulosic biomass from food processing to obtain value-added products is crucial to improve sustainability and reduce waste management costs. This potential for cost reduction is a reason for optimism, as it allows agro-industrial waste to be transformed into valuable resources, contributing to the circular economy. This study focused on the compositional and structural characterization of eleven types of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to evaluate their potential in producing nanopolysaccharides and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Parameters such as humidity, ash, proteins, extractives, structural carbohydrates, and lignin were analyzed in passion fruit peels, artichoke bracts, asparagus peels, lemon peels, orange peels, avocado seed, potato peels, cassava peels, sugar cane bagasse, rice husk, and rice straw. The results showed that fruit peels and other waste had a high extractive content (28.05%), while the content of lignin and structural carbohydrates varied between 69.66% and 30.53% and 22.2% and 8.84%, respectively. In addition to the characterization, this BLC's potential for producing biopolymers was explored, highlighting its relevance in various industries such as food and materials engineering. These findings underline the importance of using local natural resources sustainably, opening new opportunities to develop innovative applications such as pickering emulsions, biodegradable packaging, aerogels, hydrogels, and functional foods. These applications represent promising areas for future research and technological development.La valorización y utilización de la biomasa lignocelulósica proveniente del procesamiento de alimentos para la obtención de productos con valor añadido es crucial para mejorar la sostenibilidad y reducir costos de gestión de residuos, permitiendo transformar los desechos agroindustriales en recursos valiosos, contribuyendo a la economía circular. Este estudio se enfocó en la caracterización composicional y estructural de once tipos de biomasa lignocelulósica (BLC) con el fin de evaluar su potencial en la producción de nanopolisacáridos y polihidroxialcanoatos. Se analizaron parámetros como humedad, ceniza, proteínas, extractivos, carbohidratos estructurales y lignina en cáscaras de maracuyá, brácteas de alcachofa, cáscaras de espárrago, limón, naranja, semilla de palta, papa, yuca, bagazo de caña de azúcar, cáscara de arroz y paja de arroz. Los resultados mostraron que las cáscaras de frutas y otros residuos presentaron un alto contenido de extractivos (28,05%), mientras que el contenido de lignina y carbohidratos estructurales varió entre 69,66% y 30,53% y 22,2% y 8,84%, respectivamente. Además de la caracterización, se exploró el potencial de esta BLC para la producción de biopolímeros, destacando su relevancia en diversas industrias como la alimentaria y la ingeniería de materiales. En este sentido, estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de utilizar recursos naturales locales de forma sostenible, abriendo nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar aplicaciones innovadoras como emulsiones pickering, envases biodegradables, aerogeles, hidrogeles y alimentos funcionales. Estas aplicaciones representan áreas prometedoras para futuras investigaciones y desarrollo tecnológico
Changes in soil quality indicators in response to land use based on a minimum data set
Get PDFThe Ecuadorian Amazon region is permanently subject to deforestation processes and in parallel to the implementation of agricultural, and livestock management systems that can affect soil quality. This study assessed the effect of different land use types on soil quality using the Integrated Soil Quality Index (SQI) and minimum indicators. To do this, it considers representative soil samples, 4 types of land use, and a productive landscape in the province of Pastaza. The land use types evaluated were sugarcane (SC), agrosilvopastoral System (ASPS) silvopastoral timber system (SSTT), and secondary forest (SF). Land use type had significant effects on some soil properties and, therefore, on soil quality. The soil quality index was developed using BD, Ca+Mg/K, and SOM which had the highest weighting values, suggesting a higher contribution to the final SQI. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the different land uses, establishing the following order: SSPM (0.41) > SC (0.40) > B (0.34) > SASP (0.33). Therefore, the values obtained are considered low to moderate quality with SSPM and SC as the highest quality land uses. It is concluded that soil quality can be assessed and compared more accurately in the studies of land use using the current indexing framework due to its simplicity and quantitative flexibility. However, to evaluate soil quality more comprehensively and precisely, biological properties of soils should also be considered for SQI in future studies
Sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por almidón modificado de zanahoria blanca (Arracacha xanthorrhiza) en la elaboración de noodles bajo en gluten
Get PDFNoodles are currently highly consumed products, which are commonly made with wheat flour, since it is one of the most produced grains worldwide; however, the gluten content in its composition can affect the health of consumers. It is a great challenge for the industry to produce foods low in gluten. The aim of this research was to evaluate the partial substitution of wheat flour by modified white carrot starch (A. xanthorrhiza) in the preparation of noodles. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement A*B+1 was used to evaluate the chemical characteristics of starch (native and chemically modified) and the physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics of the noodles. It was observed that total starch and amylopectin content decreased significantly when starch was chemically modified, while amylose increased considerably. On the other hand, using 100% wheat flour presented higher moisture (10.14%); ash (0.70%); protein (14.44%) and gluten (14.44%); while, when using 100% modified starch of the two ecotypes, low levels of gluten were obtained (0.001). In relation to the rheological characteristics, 25% and 50% modified starch of both ecotypes allowed obtaining similar results to the control treatment. Finally, it was demonstrated that the addition of 75% modified starch of ecotype ECU 18989 gave the best intensities of odor (4.95), flavor (4.95), aftertaste (6.05) and firmness (6.65).
Los noodles en la actualidad son productos de alto consumo, que comúnmente se elaboran con harina de trigo, puesto que es uno de los granos más producidos a nivel mundial; sin embargo, el contenido de gluten en su composición puede afectar a la salud de los consumidores. Por ello, para la industria es un gran reto producir alimentos bajos en gluten. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por almidón modificado de zanahoria blanca (A. xanthorrhiza) en la elaboración de noodles. Se empleó un Diseño Completamente al Azar con arreglo Factorial A*B+1, se evaluaron características químicas al almidón (nativo y modificado químicamente) y características fisicoquímicas, reológicas y sensoriales de los noodles. Se observó que el contenido de almidón total y amilopectina disminuye significativamente cuando se modifica químicamente el almidón; mientras que, la amilosa aumenta considerablemente. Por otro lado, al utilizar 100 % de harina de trigo presentó mayor humedad (10,14%); ceniza (0,70%); proteína (14,44%) y gluten (14,44%); mientras que, al emplear 100% de almidón modificado de los dos ecotipos se obtiene bajos niveles de gluten (0,001). Con relación a las características reológicas el 25% y 50% de almidón modificado de ambos ecotipos permitió obtener resultados similares al tratamiento testigo, finalmente, se demostró que al adicionar 75 % de almidón modificado del ecotipo ECU 18989 se obtuvo las mejores intensidades de olor (4,95), sabor (4,95), retrogusto (6,05) y firmeza (6,65)