Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Vulneración a la debida motivación en la agravante de noche en el delito de robo agravado en Perú
No full textLa presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el factor determinante de la vulneración a la debida motivación en la agravante de Noche en el delito de Robo Agravado en Tacna, 2024. Complementado con un diseño fenomenológico, se ha realizado la entrevista a seis (06) participantes, quienes son abogados y fiscales, para luego proponer recomendaciones para la solución del problema local. Utilice como técnica la entrevista e instrumento la guía de entrevista. De acuerdo con los resultados, se demostró que, si bien su tipificación de la agravante noche es distinta a su interpretación, es la jurisprudencia la que apoya al operador de justicia a conocer la correcta aplicación e interpretación de la misma, pero que de igual manera la Corte Suprema de Justicia debería emitir un acuerdo plenario, esto con la finalidad de unificar un criterio, como también conocer si su tipificación es la correcta, pues no solo radica en una interpretación cronológica como menciona el código
Efecto de los lazos parentales en la autoestima de estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
No full textEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de los lazos parentales en laautoestima de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas de laUniversidad Nacional de Trujillo. La investigación fue de tipo observacional, descriptiva y decorte transversal. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos validados: el Cuestionario de Lazos Parentalesde Parker (1979) y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (1965), adaptados al contextoperuano. La muestra estuvo conformada por 191 estudiantes seleccionados mediante muestreoprobabilístico estratificado. Los resultados evidenciaron que un 50,3% de los estudiantespresenta una autoestima normal, mientras que el 23,6% muestra autoestima baja. Se halló unarelación significativa con la autoestima del estudiante, de los niveles de cuidado de ambospadres y únicamente con los niveles de protección de la madre. Específicamente, los estudiantesque perciben altos niveles de cuidado parental, especialmente materno, tienden a tener nivelesmás altos de autoestima. Asimismo, se observó que los estilos parentales con menorsobreprotección y mayor autonomía favorecen una autoestima saludable. Estos hallazgosresaltan la importancia de los vínculos afectivos y estilos de crianza en el desarrollo emocionalde los jóvenes universitarios, recomendándose fomentar relaciones familiares positivas desdeetapas tempranas
Control de tiempos operativos en equipos LHD mediante redes neuronales para la predicción y optimización del costo unitario en mina
No full textEl propósito de esta investigación fue analizar el alto impacto del monitoreo de tiempos en el transporte de mineral utilizando Scoop LHD, con la aplicación de inteligencia artificial para evaluar de manera óptima los precios unitarios. Se realizó un estudio de planificación y posteriormente se recopiló información (datos). Las diferentes técnicas aplicadas en este análisis se basaron en la observación, lo que nos permitió realizar un monitoreo detallado del equipo LHD. Esta recolección de datos se llevó a cabo necesariamente in situ para poder observar y analizar el proceso de transporte. En este entorno, fue posible determinar el manejo de los diferentes tiempos de tránsito con el equipo LHD. Se demostró que los diferentes tiempos de transporte con el equipo Scoop LHD permiten un incremento del 5.01% en los precios unitarios de transporte, lo que equivale a una pérdida de US$ 168,249.00 por año.
Referencias:
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[2] Skoczylas, A.; Rot, A.; Stefaniak, P.; Śliwiński, P. (2023). Haulage cycles identification for wheeled transport in underground mine using neural networks. Sensors, 23(3), 1331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031331
[3] Vásquez, J.C.G.; et al. (2025). Artificial neural networks and support vector machines for estimating operating costs in underground mining. Mineral Economics & Operation Research (pre-print / revista científica). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.107626
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[5] Park, S.; Jung, D.; Choi, Y. (2023). Prediction of ore production in a limestone underground mine by combining machine learning and discrete-event simulation techniques. Minerals, 13(6), 608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/min13060830
[6] Cotrina, MA; Marquina, JJ; Riquelme, Á.I. (2025). Comparación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático para la categorización de recursos minerales en un yacimiento de cobre en Perú. Nat Resour Res, 34, 2007–2025.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-025-10505-x
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[14] Fan, C.; et al. (2024). Using Deep Neural Networks Coupled with Principal Components to Forecast Ore Production Using Truck Haulage Information. Journal of Mining Science & Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1674-7755(23)00189-0
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[16] Banasiewicz, A.; Moosavi, F.; Kotyla, M.; Śliwiński, P.; Krot, P.; Wodecki, J.; Zimroz, R. (2023). Forecasting of NOx Emissions of Diesel LHD Vehicles in Underground Mines—An ANN-Based Regression Approach. Applied Sciences, 13(17), 9965.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179965
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[19] Mandal, S.K.; Dey, S.; Bhar, C. (2018). Analysis of Factors Which Influence the Cycle Time of Dumpers of Open Cast Coal Mines to Improve Production. Modelling, Measurement and Control C, 78(3), 289–302.DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/mmc_c.780303
[20] Meneses, D.; Sepúlveda, F.D. (2023). Modeling Productivity Reduction and Fuel Consumption in Open-Pit Mining Trucks Considering Road Deterioration. Mining, 3(1), 96–105.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mining3010006
Multilocus identification and pathogenetic characterization of Colletotrichum endophyte and pathogen species isolated from cocoa leaves and pods (Theobroma cacao) in Ecuador
Get PDFCacao cultivation is one of the main agricultural products of Ecuador, known internationally for its quality and aroma. However, it is affected by fungal diseases including Moniliophthora roreri, Moniliophthora perniciosa, Phytophthora spp., and Colletotrichum spp. The genus Colletotrichum spp. is known for its characteristics that complicate traditional taxonomic identification. In cacao cultivation, it is one of the most frequently found species as an endophyte of leaves and fruits, yet it is also reported to cause the disease known as anthracnose on leaves and fruits. The objective of this work was to identify at the species level 16 Colletotrichum isolates, 13 from healthy leaf endophytes and 3 from pods with symptoms, through multilocus analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 region, and partial sequences of the TUB2 and GAPDH genes. Subsequently, their pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating healthy cacao pods and measuring the damage caused. The 16 isolates were identified as follows: from the gloeosporioides complex, C. siamense 6, C. chrysophilum 6, C. theobromicola 2 and from the boninense complex, C. karstii 2. The most frequently found species were those that caused symptoms, especially C. siamense, to which the strains were isolated from symptomatic pods belonged. This work provides relevant and accurate information about the diversity of Colletotrichum species that colonize cocoa plantations and identifies which species might cause the disease known as anthracnose. Additionally, it allows for a more precise diagnosis and consequently better treatment
Long-Term impact of rice cultivation on soil quality indicators in Northern Amazonia Savanna
Get PDFChanges in soil attributes following changes in management strategies in rice cultivation can alter soil quality, either positively or negatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil quality indicators, based on physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes in Amazonian savanna under rice cultivation with different ages. The research was conducted in five areas under continuous rice cultivation during 1, 3, 8, 13, and 25 years, compared with local reference native vegetation. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth and evaluated for physical attributes such as texture and bulk density, chemical properties such as soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations, available P, pH, CEC and C/N ratio; and microbiological attributes like microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial respiration, metabolic ratio and microbial coefficient. Acid phosphatase and urease activity were evaluated. With longer periods of time of rice cultivation, soil quality was enhanced with increasing soil fertility, increased soil organic carbon content and enzyme activity. The paddy soil indicators were sensitive to changes in rice cultivation and its duration. Acid phosphatase activity and available phosphorus increased with longer time of rice cultivation, indicating a possible conversion of inorganic into organic phosphorus forms, corroborated by increasing phosphatase activity. Microbiological (SMB-C, SBR, qMIC and qCO2) and biochemical (urease and acid phosphatase) indicators, as well as soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were highly sensitive to land use changes. Chemical and microbiological indicators are suitable for estimating paddy soil quality in lowland of Amazonian savanna
Environmental enrichment using low walls and perches improves broiler welfare, without compromising productivity
Get PDFThe study evaluated the impact of different environmental enrichment strategies on the performance and welfare of commercially raised broilers. The research, conducted in Paraná, Brazil, involved 690 birds allocated to three types of environments: control, with a low wall, and with a perch. The performance of the birds was monitored through indicators such as feed conversion, live weight (plucked and eviscerated), and cut yields (wing, thigh, drumstick, breast, and back weight). There were no significant differences in feed conversion and yields between the environments, except for wing weight, which was higher in environments with a perch for males. Females raised in an environment with a low wall showed higher live and eviscerated weight, while thigh weight was lower in environments with a perch. Welfare variables, such as Latency to Lie and Fluctuating Asymmetry, showed no significant differences between the environments. However, females in the control and low wall environments had a higher incidence of calluses on their feet compared to those in the perch environment. Joint injuries (Hock Health) did not show significant differences between the types of enrichment. These results suggest that, although environmental enrichment may benefit some aspects of welfare, its impact on broiler performance and joint health needs to be better understood, particularly in relation to the long-term effects of different enrichment types on locomotor health, muscle development, and the prevention of joint injuries. Future studies should focus on the physiological mechanisms behind these effects, including the role of enrichment in reducing stress and promoting more natural behaviors that may influence bone density and joint function
Valorización de residuos de comida mediante potencial bioquímico de metano
Get PDFLos residuos de alimentos (FW) son materiales desechados en las cadenas de producción, suministro y distribución de productos destinados al consumo humano. La digestión anaeróbica (DA) se ha consolidado como una práctica clave dentro de la economía circular, transformando estos residuos en biogás y fertilizantes orgánicos. Para evaluar la viabilidad de diferentes sustratos en procesos de DA, se utiliza ampliamente la metodología del potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP). Sin embargo, los resultados de BMP pueden variar significativamente debido a las condiciones experimentales y la heterogeneidad de los residuos. Este estudio presenta una revisión bibliométrica y sistemática de la literatura publicada entre 2019 y 2024 sobre el uso de BMP en la valorización de FW, analizando las variaciones en las metodologías y los factores que afectan los resultados experimentales. De un total de 497 estudios identificados, 34 fueron seleccionados para un análisis detallado. Los hallazgos ofrecen una visión integral de las tendencias actuales en la investigación, subrayando la necesidad de estandarizar metodologías y condiciones experimentales para obtener resultados más consistentes y replicables. Además, se identifican barreras y oportunidades para optimizar la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de los procesos de DA, con implicaciones para investigaciones futuras y su implementación a gran escala en la gestión de residuos
Cepas de Akanthomyces uredinophilum, Simplicillium lanosoniveum y Trichoderma spp. presentan alta actividad endófita e inducen un mejor crecimiento de plantas de café
Get PDFThe cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is affected by rust (Hemileia vastatrix), causing losses of over 70% in production. The use of endophytic fungi is a biological strategy for disease control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the endophytic activity of 14 fungal strains and their effect on the growth of coffee plants var. Caturra. Coffee seeds were inoculated with a concentration of 1×106 conidia mL-1 of water, planted and organized in a completely randomized experimental design, with three repetitions of eight plants per strain. At 30, 60, and 120 days after seedling emergence, samples of five leaf segments per plant, 5 mm in diameter, were taken to evaluate endophytic activity. The start of fungal growth (days), initial fungal growth (%) and total fungal growth (%) were recorded. To evaluate the effect of fungal strains on the growth of coffee plants, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf pairs, number of branches and chlorophyll content index were evaluated. Analysis of Variance and Tukey's mean separation test (p ≤ 0.05) were performed. Three strains of A. uredinophilum (CHE-CNRCB 435, 616, and 988), two of S. lanosoniveum (CHE-CNRCB 438 and 544), and three of Trichoderma (CHE-CNRCB 398, 1057, and 1062) showed endophytic activity higher than 70%. The three Trichoderma spp. strains induced better growth in coffee plants.El cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.) es afectado por la roya (Hemileia vastatrix) que causa pérdidas de más del 70% en la producción, el uso de hongos endófitos es una estrategia biológica para el control de enfermedades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad endófita de 14 cepas de hongos y su efecto en el crecimiento de plantas de café var. Caturra. Se inocularon semillas de café con una concentración de 1×106 conidios mL-1 de agua, se sembraron y organizaron en diseño experimental completamente al azar, tres repeticiones de ocho plantas por cepa. A los 30, 60 y 120 días después de la emergencia de plántulas, se tomaron muestras de cinco segmentos de hoja por planta, de 5 mm de diámetro y se evaluó la actividad endófita, se registró inicio de crecimiento del hongo (días), crecimiento inicial del hongo (%) y crecimiento total del hongo (%). Para evaluar el efecto de las cepas de hongo en el crecimiento de las plantas de café se evaluaron altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, pares de hojas, número de ramas e índice de contenido de clorofila. Se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de separación de medias Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Tres cepas de A. uredinophilum (CHE-CNRCB 435, 616 y 988), dos de S. lanosoniveum (CHE-CNRCB 438 y 544) y tres de Trichoderma (CHE-CNRCB 398, 1057 y 1062) presentaron actividad endófita mayor al 70%; las tres cepas de Trichoderma spp., indujeron mejor crecimiento de plantas de café
Antimicrobial effect of peracetic acid compared to sodium hypochlorite in the disinfection of ready-to-eat lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Get PDFReady-to-eat lettuces are highly demanded for salads but are exposed to factors that may pose health risks during production. There is an actual need to find alternatives to preserve fresh cut fruits and vegetables to improve the efficacy of the washing treatment. This study compared the antimicrobial effects of disinfection of raw ready-to-eat lettuce leaves with peracetic acid (CH3CO3H, PAA), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and washing with tap water. For disinfection, lettuce leaves were immersed in solutions of different concentration of PAA (40 and 80 ppm) and NaClO (100 and 150 ppm) for 2 min. The treated leaves were stored for 10 days under refrigeration (4 ºC). The aerobic plate count (APC), total coliforms, Salmonella spp. and total yeast and mold count (TYMC) were determined during this time. At the end of this period, samples treated with the lower PAA level had APC values like those obtained with both NaClO concentrations. The treatments with both disinfectants eliminated Salmonella spp., while the levels of APC, total coliforms and TYMC were below the limits of the Peruvian sanitary standard. It is concluded that PAA is a valid alternative to chlorine, and that higher concentrations could be used to achieve more significant population reductions
Efecto de cepa de Trichoderma sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de esquejes de Vanilla pompona, CCNN Alto Naranjillo
Get PDFLa investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos en el desarrollo vegetativo de esquejes de V. pompona inoculadas con cepas de Trichoderma, realizado dentro del territorio de la comunidad nativa de Alto Naranjillo. La cepa se aisló de una muestra de suelo de bosque secundario y se reprodujo en grano de arroz esterilizado. Se aplicaron dosis de 20 y 40 gramos por esqueje en dos diseños experimentales: un diseño completamente aleatorizado con esquejes de 4 nudos y un diseño en bloques con esquejes de 3, 4, 5 y 6 nudos. Los esquejes se plantaron en hojarasca bajo condiciones de sombra controlada. Los resultados mostraron que los esquejes inoculados con 40 gramos de Trichoderma nativa desarrollaron más brotes y raíces que los controles y la cepa comercial Trichoderma harzianum. El mayor número de brotes y raíces se obtuvo en esquejes con 5 y 6 nudos, y bajo un nivel de sombra de 57-60%, siendo este el ambiente más favorable. Se concluye que el uso de Trichoderma ghanense nativa es eficaz para promover el desarrollo vegetativo de Vanilla pompona, ofreciendo una alternativa sostenible al uso de agroquímicos