Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Influencia del extracto etanólico de la cáscara de piña (Ananas comosus) en la inhibición del pardeamiento enzimático y conservación de las propiedades organolépticas de la papa canchan (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Get PDFChemical-synthetic methods have been developed to preserve the organoleptic properties of potatoes, but their consumption may be harmful to health. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the preservation capacity of ethanolic extract from the peel of Golden variety pineapple at different concentrations (3%, 7%, 10%, and 15%), compared to solutions of 0.1% sodium metabisulfite, 0.1% citric acid, 0.1% ascorbic acid, and a control sample of untreated potatoes. The study assesses the organoleptic characteristics and the effect of these treatments on enzymatic browning in Canchan variety potatoes over 14 days of observation. The CIElab* color parameters and ∆E were measured at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days, respectively. Additionally, a sensory analysis was conducted, in which nine trained panelists determined the sensory profiles (quality and defects) and the acceptability of each treatment. The results showed that the extracts had a positive effect on color preservation, with the 10% and 15% extracts yielding the best results; however, these treatments exhibited low preservation of the characteristic potato flavor.Se han desarrollado métodos químico-sintéticos para preservar las propiedades organolépticas de la papa, pero cuyo consumo puede ser perjudicial para la salud. Por ello, esta investigación busca evaluar la capacidad de conservación del extracto etanólico de la cáscara de piña variedad Golden, a diferentes concentraciones (3%, 7%, 10% y 15%); en comparación con soluciones de metabisulfito de sodio al 0,1%, ácido cítrico al 0,1%, ácido ascórbico al 0,1% y un control de papa sin tratamiento; de las características organolépticas y su efecto frente al pardeamiento enzimático de la papa variedad Canchan, durante 14 días de observación. Se evalúo los parámetros de color CIElab* y ∆E a los 0, 3, 7, 10 y 14 días respectivamente. Además, se realizó un análisis sensorial, donde 9 panelistas entrenados determinaron los perfiles sensoriales (calidad y defecto) y la aceptabilidad de cada uno de los tratamientos. Se determinó que los extractos mostraron un efecto positivo en la conservación del color de las papas, siendo los de 10% y 15%; los que obtuvieron mejores resultados; aunque estos presentaron una baja conservación del sabor característico a papa
Balancing accuracy, interpretability, and stability in machine-learning models: Live-weight prediction of Andean sheep from morphometric traits
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to predict the live weight of Corriedale lambs using morphological measurements and machine learning algorithms. A total of 291 five-month-old lambs from the Corpacancha Production Unit of SAIS PACHACÚTEC SAC were used. These animals represented a homogeneous group in terms of age, sex, and genetics, as they belonged to the Corriedale breed and were offspring of "Category A" ewes. Morphological measurements recorded included Body Length (BL), Withers Height (WH), Thoracic Girth (TG), Rump Width (RW), Abdominal Girth (AG), Cannon Bone Length (CBL), Chest Depth (CD), and Live Weight (LW). The models evaluated were Multiple Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and XGBoost. The comparative analysis of the machine learning models identified ModG and Ridge as the most accurate and stable options, standing out for their low Mean Squared Error (MSE = 0.083) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE ≈ 0.287 – 0.288). Additionally, they exhibited the highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.89, RAdj2 = 0.88), indicating excellent predictive capability and data fit. Their low coefficient of variation (CV%) confirms their stability, establishing them as the best choices for applications where precision is paramount, such as predicting critical values in production processes and high-demand scientific studies. While XGBoost proved to be a robust alternative with an MSE of 0.119, an RMSE of 0.345, and a relative error of 2.22%. These findings confirm that prioritizing models that balance accuracy, interpretability, and stability enable faster, data-driven decision-making in Corriedale sheep production. Such an approach optimizes feed allocation, classifies lambs by market weight, and promptly detects growth deviations, thereby improving overall flock profitability
Effects of six compost products on soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels in alfisol, rice yields, and diazotrophic endophytic populations
Get PDFThe decrease in nutrient content in the soil occurs because of an imbalance between nutrient intake and loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying six types of compost products, with different compost materials and bioactivators, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) levels in Alfisol, on rice yields, and diazotrophic endophytic populations. The pot experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with a single factor consisting of 10 levels and 3 replications. The treatments compared control (R0), 6 types of compost (R1-R6), 50% chemical fertilizer (CF) (R7), 100% CF (R8), and a set combination (R9). Rice with a variety of Mentik Wangi was grown and harvested on 118 DAP. The results showed that the treatment R5 (compost C4 of a mixture of leaf litter, cow dung, peanut plant residue, and rock phosphate with bioactivator RMC) gave the highest increases of SOC and TN by 200% and 228.57%, and the highest plant dry weight and total seed weight by 247.55% and 171.16% compared to the control, respectively. Three treatments of R4 (compost C3), R6 (compost C5), and R9 (50% dosage of compost C3 in combination with mycorrhiza, zeolite, Azolla, and rock phosphate) yielded a similar effect at the second-highest levels in increasing SOC, TN, and rice yields. There was no significant effect of treatments on the population of diazotrophic bacterial endophytes in rice leaves. The present study revealed that compost enrichment with an effective bioactivator contributed significantly higher effects on soil fertility, plant growth, and yield compared to 100% chemical fertilizer (R8)
Impact of land use change and climate on the Brazilian Amazon: a review on carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions
Get PDFHistorically, land-use changes in the Brazilian Amazon, such as the conversion of forests to pastures, have significantly impacted carbon and nitrogen cycles, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and potentially compromising environmental sustainability. This review explores the effects of these changes on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, emphasizing the role of sustainable practices and public policies in mitigating environmental impacts. Findings indicate that, although forest-to-pasture conversion may reduce soil organic carbon stocks by up to 11.3%, practices such as agroforestry systems, sustainable pasture management, and crop-livestock-forestry integration (CLFI) have the potential to reverse these effects by promoting carbon sequestration and soil conservation. Public policies such as the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (ABC Plan) and the Amazon Fund are highlighted as essential pillars for sustainable development in the region. It is concluded that the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, integrated with robust environmental policies and technological innovation, can transform the Amazon into a global model of balance between economic development and environmental conservation. Future studies should prioritize integrated assessments of carbon stocks, gas emissions, and socioeconomic indicators to support more effective and regionally adapted public policies
Eigen-concepts in the multiplicative linear algebra context
Get PDFThe concept of eigenvalues is associated with the linearity one, through the structure of vectorial space. The multiplicative linear algebra is a structure in which an expression such as x^3y^2 can be considered a linear combination of variables x and y. This article is reserved to show the corresponding analogues for an Eigenvalue Theory. We exemplify its applications by introducing a connection with the analysis of a nonlinear dynamical system in the standard sense, although a linear recurrence in the multiplicative one.El concepto de valores propios está asociado al de linealidad, a través de la estructura del espacio vectorial. El álgebra lineal multiplicativa es una estructura en la que una expresión como x^3y^2 puede ser considerada una combinación lineal de las variables x y y. Este artículo está destinado a mostrar los análogos correspondientes para una teoría de valores propios en este contexto.
Se ejemplifican sus aplicaciones mediante la introducción de una conexión con el análisis de un sistema dinámico no lineal en el sentido estándar, aunque con una recurrencia lineal en el marco multiplicativo.The concept of eigenvalues is associated with the linearity one, through the structure of vectorial space. The multiplicative linear algebra is a structure in which an expression such as x^3y^2 can be considered a linear combination of variables x and y. This article is reserved to show the corresponding analogues for an Eigenvalue Theory. We exemplify its applications by introducing a connection with the analysis of a nonlinear dynamical system in the standard sense, although a linear recurrence in the multiplicative one
Applied mathematics, its importance in developing it in Peru
Get PDFThe objective of this article is to contribute with some ideas and proposals with the purpose of further developing the study and research in our country of this area of mathematics, given the historical background of how, thanks to it, many countries have achieved their technological development and in this way with the well-being of the respective society.El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir con algunas ideas y propuestas con el propósito de desarrollar aún más el estudio e investigación en nuestro país de ésta área de la matemática, dados los antecedentes históricos de cómo gracias a ella muchos países han logrado su desarrollo tecnológico y de esta manera con el bienestar de la sociedad respectiva.The objective of this article is to contribute with some ideas and proposals with the purpose of further developing the study and research in our country of this area of mathematics, given the historical background of how, thanks to it, many countries have achieved their technological development and in this way with the well-being of the respective society
Fine-tuning de un Modelo de Lenguaje Largo para la clasificación de Curriculums Vitae
Get PDFEste trabajo tuvo por principal objetivo clasificar curriculums vitae respecto al área de profesión, tarea importante en la gestión de recursos humanos y captación de personal. Esta investigación busca explorar las capacidades de clasificación de los Modelos de Lenguaje Largo (MLL) realizando un análisis comparativo versus métodos tradicionales de Machine Learning. Para lograr tal objetivo se empleó la técnica de fine-tuning al Modelo de Lenguaje Largo pre-entrenado por Google en el idioma inglés llamado BERT BASE UNCASED empleando un dataset de más de 3 mil currículums vitae de 25 áreas de profesión y 3 épocas de entrenamiento contra los modelos tradicionales Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression y Naive Bayes Multinomial. La metodología está compuesta por 7 etapas esenciales para adaptar un modelo pre-entrenado en una tarea específica asegurando su óptimo performance. La investigación proporciona un análisis comparativo enfocándose en las métricas Exactitud, F1-score, Precisión y Recall. Los resultados más importantes obtenidos fueron 83,0% de Exactitud y 82,3% de Precisión para el modelo base de Google y 82,8% de F1-score y 86,2% de Recall para Naive Bayes Multinomial revelando que el modelo base de Google tiene un buen desempeño prediciendo la clasificación de currículum vitae mientras que Naive Bayes Multinomial es mejor para detectar la mayoría de casos positivos. Esta investigación no solo contribuye mostrando el desempeño de los MLL para la tarea de clasificación en contraste con sus pares de Machine Learning tradicional, sino que adicionalmente ofrece un enfoque innovador para las prácticas de gestión de recursos humanos y captación de personal.The main objective of this work was to classify resumes according to their professional area, an important task in human resources management and personnel recruitment. This research seeks to explore the classification capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM) by performing a comparative analysis versus traditional Machine Learning methods. To achieve this objective, a fine-tuning technique was used on the Long Language Model pre-trained by Google in English called BERT BASE UNCASED using a dataset of more than 3,000 resumes from 25 professional areas and 3 training epochs against traditional Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes Multinomial models. The methodology consists of 7 essential stages to adapt a pre-trained model to a specific task, ensuring optimal performance. The research provides a comparative analysis focusing on the metrics Accuracy, F1-score, Precision, and Recall. The most significant results obtained were 83,0% Accuracy and 82.3% Precision for the base Google model, and 82.8% F1-score and 86,2% Recall for the Naive Bayes Multinomial model, revealing that the base Google model performs well in predicting resume classification, while Naive Bayes Multinomial is better at detecting the majority of positive cases. This research not only contributes by showing the performance of MLLs for the classification task in contrast to their traditional Machine Learning peers, but also offers an innovative approach to human resource management and staff recruitment practices
Desafíos para la integración de la economía circular en la gestión estratégica del sector agropecuario: Una revisión sistemática
Get PDFThe circular economy is emerging as a key strategy for achieving sustainability in the agricultural sector, given its dependence on natural resources and its environmental impact. This study aims to systematically analyze the scientific literature on the incorporation of circular economy into agricultural sector management, using the strategic direction approach as an analytical framework. The PRISMA protocol was used for the systematic review of 35 scientific papers selected from international databases. Bibliometric and thematic analysis was conducted using R Studio, which allowed for the identification of trends, co-occurrence networks, and research gaps. The results show a progressive growth in publications related to the circular economy in agricultural companies, with a predominance of studies focused on environmental and internal process perspectives, while financial and organizational learning dimensions are less addressed. It is concluded that implementing CE in the agricultural sector requires a comprehensive strategic approach that articulates sustainability and organizational performance indicators, such as investment in R&D for green technologies and innovation in patents. This study contributes a useful conceptual framework for researchers, policymakers, and agroindustrial managersLa economía circular emerge como una estrategia clave para lograr la sostenibilidad en el sector agropecuario, dada su dependencia de recursos naturales y su impacto ambiental. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar de forma sistemática la literatura científica sobre la incorporación de la EC en la gestión del sector agropecuario, utilizando el enfoque del direccionamiento estratégico como marco analítico. Se empleó el protocolo PRISMA para la revisión sistemática de 35 documentos científicos seleccionados de bases de datos internacionales. El análisis bibliométrico y temático se realizó mediante R Studio, lo que permitió identificar tendencias, redes de coocurrencia y vacíos de investigación. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento progresivo de publicaciones vinculadas a la economía circular de las empresas agropecuarias, con predominancia de estudios enfocados en la perspectiva ambiental y de procesos internos, mientras que las dimensiones financieras y de aprendizaje organizacional son menos abordadas. Se concluye que la implementación de la EC en el sector agropecuario requiere un enfoque estratégico integral, que articule indicadores de sostenibilidad y desempeño organizacional, tales como la inversión en I+D para tecnologías verdes y la innovación en patentes. Este estudio contribuye con un marco conceptual útil para investigadores, formuladores de políticas y gestores agroindustriales
Incidencia de la participación ciudadana en el presupuesto participativo en la municipalidad provincial
Get PDFEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la incidencia de la participación ciudadana en el proceso de presupuesto participativo de la Municipalidad Provincial de Trujillo.La investigación utiliza un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 52 territorios vecinales seleccionados probabilísticamente. A través de encuestas y análisis estadístico (media y varianza) apoyado por el software SPSS, se determinó que la participación ciudadana afecta directamente el desarrollo del presupuesto participativo. Se identificaron factores clave que limitan este proceso, como la rigidez en la priorización de proyectos y los recursos asignados, concluyendo que una mayor capacitación y sensibilización de los ciudadanos podría mejorar la calidad y transparencia del proceso
Estrategias de marketing digital y comercio electrónico en las Mypes
Get PDFLas estrategias de marketing digital son cruciales para una gestión efectiva del comercio electrónico. El propósito de esta investigación fue compilar y analizar la evidencia científica sobre la planificación estratégica y los indicadores en los últimos cinco años. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología PRISMA y se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Redalyc, aplicando operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR” y consultando en español, inglés y portugués. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, limitando el estudio a publicaciones desde 2019 hasta 2024 y enfocándose en artículos finales sobre marketing digital. De una búsqueda inicial de 120 artículos, se seleccionaron y analizaron 30 que respondieron a la pregunta: ¿Qué evidencia científica existe sobre las estrategias de marketing digital y comercio electrónico en los últimos cinco años? La conclusión de la investigación es que las estrategias de marketing digital y comercio electrónico son fundamentales y aplicables en organizaciones de cualquier tamaño y sector, estas estrategias resultan importantes en diversas etapas del proceso, y se enfatiza la necesidad de utilizar indicadores para medir y evaluar el éxito de las estrategias y la gestión del comercio electrónico