Universidad Nacional de Trujillo: Publicaciones Científicas
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Tiempo de detección del gen Cytb en la identificación de fuentes alimenticias de Panstrongylus chinai, vector de Chagas en Perú
Get PDFObjetive: Determine the detection time of the Cytb gene in the identification of food sources of Panstrongylus chinai, a vector of Chagas disease in Peru. Methods: A descriptive and experimental research design was conducted, analyzing three treatments (TP1, TP2, and TP3), each consisting of three Panstrongylus chinai triatomines. The triatomines were fed on Gallus gallus (chicken), and blood was isolated from the insect abdomen according to the time elapsed since feeding. The evaluated times were 48 hours (TP1), 120 hours (TP2), and 192 hours (TP3). Total DNA was extracted from the isolated blood cells, the Cytb gene was amplified by PCR, and enzymatic digestion was performed with the restriction enzyme HaeIII. Detection of the Cytb gene for food source identification was carried out using a PCR-RFLP assay. Results: Blood was successfully isolated in treatments TP1 and TP2, and the Panstrongylus chinai triatomines survived the procedure. In contrast, no blood was isolated in TP3, and the analyzed specimens did not survive. DNA was extracted and the Cytb gene was amplified from all blood samples. The enzymatic digestion of the Cytb gene with HaeIII revealed DNA fragments of 159 bp, 125 bp, and 74 bp, which correspond to the RFLP of the Cytb gene in Gallus gallus. Conclusion: Cytb gene detection for identifying food sources of Panstrongylus chinai is viable up to 120 hours post-feeding.Objetivo: Determinar el tiempo de detección del gen Cytb en la identificación de fuentes alimenticias de Panstrongylus chinai vector de la enfermedad de Chagas en Perú. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y con diseño experimental en el que se analizaron tres tratamientos (TP1, TP2 y TP3), cada uno conformado por tres triatominos de la especie Panstrongylus chinai. Los triatominos fueron alimentados con Gallus gallus (pollo), y la sangre fue aislada del abdomen de los insectos en función del tiempo transcurrido desde la alimentación. Los tiempos evaluados fueron 48 horas (TP1), 120 horas (TP2) y 192 horas (TP3). Se extrajo ADN total de las células sangre aislada, se amplificó el gen Cytb mediante PCR y se realizó una digestión enzimática con la restrictasa HaeIII. La detección del gen Cytb para la identificación de fuentes alimenticias se llevó a cabo mediante un ensayo de PCR-RFLP. Resultados: de los tratamientos TP1 y TP2, se logró aislar sangre y los triatominos Panstrongylus chinai sobrevivieron al procedimiento. En contraste, con TP3 no se aisló sangre y los ejemplares analizados no sobrevivieron. De todas las muestras de sangre, se extrajo ADN y se amplificó el gen Cytb de todas las muestras de sangre. La digestión enzimática del gen Cytb con la enzima HaeIII reveló fragmentos de ADN de 159 pb, 125 pb y 74 pb, que corresponden a los RFLP del gen Cytb en Gallus gallus. Conclusión: La detección del gen Cytb para identificar fuentes alimenticias de Panstrongylus chinai es viable hasta 120 horas post-alimentación
Efectos de la curcumina en enfermedades metabólicas y sistémicas: Revisión narrativa
Get PDFIn recent years, the great role of nutrition on general health has been demonstrated, specifically, polyphenols in relation to the treatment of metabolic and systemic diseases. Curcumin, a substance extracted from turmeric and proposed as a treatment for various diseases due to its diverse properties. The bibliographic search was done in both Spanish and English with the keywords: "curcumin", "metabolic diseases", "systemic diseases" in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane and Scholar Google. Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric, which has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic properties. Its influence has been seen in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Conclusions: This narrative review summarizes the influence of curcumin supplementation on various pathologies, in addition to certain general aspects.Se ha demostrado en los últimos años el gran papel de la nutrición sobre la salud en general, en específico, de los polifenoles en relación al tratamiento de enfermedades metabólicas y sistémicas. La curcumina, una sustancia extraída de la cúrcuma y propuesto como tratamiento de diversas enfermedades por sus diversas propiedades. La búsqueda bibliográfica se hizo tanto en español como en inglés con las palabras clave: “curcumina”, “enfermedades metabólicas”, “enfermedades sistémicas” en Pubmed, Embase y Cochrane y Scholar Google. La curcumina es un polifenol encontrado en la cúrcuma, la cual se ha evidenciado sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, hepatoprotectoras y antidiabéticas. Se ha visto su influencia en el síndrome metabólico, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Lupus, Artritis reumatoide y Psoriasis. Conclusiones: Esta revisión narrativa resume la influencia de la suplementación con curcumina sobre diversas patologías, además de ciertos aspectos generales
Morphometric analysis of bread added with papaya seed flour (Carica papaya) using ImageJ as a digital technique
Get PDFStructural composition of bread crumb, as well as its volume, are important factors in fresh bread characterization. ImageJ was used as a digital technique to evaluate the morphometry, color, and alveolar constitution in crumb. Wheat bread was made with partial replacement of papaya seed flour in percentages ranging from 5% to 30%. Morphometric analysis allowed characterizing the circularity (between 0.8433 ± 0.00 and 0.8833 ± 0.01), radius aspect (between 1.03 ± 0.01 and 1.10 ± 0.01), and roundness (between 0.9000 ± 0.02 and 0.9700 ± 0.01), which were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the alveolar count was higher in the control (399.00 ± 66.09), compared to bread added with papaya seed flour (155.33 ± 23.71-211.00 ± 158.07). When color determining, values showed tendencies towards red with maximum values in control treatment with 214.83 ± 23.32 pixels. In dimensions values, a decrease in these was observed, being affected by percentage increase in papaya seed flour. Therefore, papaya seed flour addition showed effects that can be evaluated using digital techniques as a non-invasive tool
Sustentabilidad e innovación: aprovechando el potencial de los residuos agroindustriales suero de leche y orujo de uva en el auge de las bebidas deportivas
Get PDFBy-products are generated in the agri-food industry and are often considered as waste; however, they are still rich in proteins, antioxidants and other beneficial compounds. This is an opportunity to revalue them in the development of ingredients for the food industry, reducing environmental impact and promoting a circular economy. Foods and beverages made from these ingredients contribute to sustainability and offer nutritional benefits that can improve sports performance and metabolic control. This review assesses the potential of these by-products as functional ingredients in sports nutrition, meeting the demands for beverages in this sector, the interest in health and an active lifestyle; highlighting the opportunity to generate innovative products that align with consumer expectations regarding environmental and health concerns.Los subproductos generados en la industria agroalimentaria suelen considerarse residuos; sin embargo, aún son ricos en proteínas, antioxidantes y otros compuestos beneficiosos. Esto presenta una oportunidad para reutilizarlos en el desarrollo de ingredientes para la industria alimentaria, reduciendo el impacto ambiental y promoviendo una economía circular. La literatura demuestra que los alimentos y bebidas elaborados con estos ingredientes contribuyen a la sostenibilidad y ofrecen beneficios nutricionales que pueden mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y el control metabólico. De forma específica se aborda el potencial del suero de leche y el orujo de uva como materiales para la extracción de ingredientes que puedan ser usados en el desarrollo de alimentos. Esta revisión evalúa el potencial de estos subproductos como ingredientes funcionales en la nutrición deportiva, satisfaciendo la demanda de bebidas en este sector, el interés por la salud y un estilo de vida activo; destacando la oportunidad de generar productos innovadores que se alineen con las expectativas de los consumidores respecto a la preocupación ambiental y de salud
Ciudadanía activa en la ciudad de Trujillo, Perú
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo de investigación, en principio se analiza teóricamente el concepto de ciudadanía activa, para lo cual, se estudió tanto la perspectiva liberal, comunitaria y republicana, con lo que se pudo identificar elementos como el respeto de los derechos y deberes, la activa participación política y la realización de actividades a favor de la comunidad. Luego, partiendo de dichos elementos, se aplicaron encuestas a una población aproximada de 44 personas, con el objetivo de medir el nivel de ciudadanía activa en la ciudad de Trujillo. Se obtuvo como resultado que en los encuestados existe una visión predominantemente liberal de la ciudadanía activa, asimismo se evidenció que hay una débil proyección de la participación política y un elevado compromiso a realizar acciones a favor de la comunidad
Riqueza florística, estructura y endemismo de un bosque piemontano en Zumba, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador
Get PDFThe piedmont forest is a transitional vegetation formation between lowland vegetation and the Andes. This research aimed to determine the floristic composition, structure and endemism of the tree component in a permanent plot of the piedmont forest in Zumba, province of Zamora Chinchipe. A permanent plot of one hectare was installed, subdivided into 25 sub-plots of 400 m². Individuals larger than 5 cm DBH were measured, tagged and identified, measuring DBH, total height, diameter and crown shape. Floristic diversity, endemism and structural parameters of the forest were calculated. Sixty two species from 52 genera and 29 families were recorded; the most diverse families were Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Melastomataceae. The ecologically relevant species are Clethra parallelinervia, Alchornea glandulosa and Viburnum cf. obtectum. The diameter structure presents an inverted “J” distribution, typical of a recovering forest, with a basal area of 16.24 m²/ha and a volume of 84.18 m³/ha. The codominant stratum stands out with trees of 9 to 14 m, and the horizontal structure is characterized by interlaced canopies and forest gaps. Saurauia harlingii and Clethra parallelinervia are the endemic species recorded. Due to the high diversity and state of regeneration of this forest remnant, its conservation is necessary.El bosque piemontano es una formación vegetal de transición entre vegetación de tierras bajas y los Andes. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición florística, estructura y endemismo del componente arbóreo en una parcela permanente del bosque piemontano en Zumba, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe. Se instaló una parcela permanente de una hectárea, subdividida en 25 subparcelas de 400 m². Los individuos mayores a 5 cm de DAP fueron medidos, plaqueados e identificados, midiéndose el DAP, altura total, diámetro y forma de la copa. Calculándose la diversidad florística, endemismo y parámetros estructurales del bosque. Fueron registradas 62 especies de 52 géneros y 29 familias; siendo las familias más diversas Rubiaceae, Lauraceae y Melastomataceae. Las especies relevantes ecológicamente son Clethra parallelinervia, Alchornea glandulosa y Viburnum cf. obtectum. La estructura diamétrica presenta distribución en “J” invertida, típico de bosque en recuperación, con un área basal de 16,24 m²/ha y volumen de 84,18 m³/ha. Sobresale el estrato codominante con árboles de 9 a 14 m, y la estructura horizontal se caracteriza por copas entrelazadas y claros de bosque. Saurauia harlingii y Clethra parallelinervia son las especies endémicas registradas. Por la alta diversidad y estado de regeneración de este remanente boscoso es necesario su conservación
Morphological characterization, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis of Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with CCN-51 cacao plants in Ecuador
Get PDFNecrotrophic fungi are pathogens that cause tissue death in plants, which negatively impacts their growth and productivity. This study focused on identifying the presence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in CCN-51 cacao plants in the Simón Bolívar canton in Ecuador. We sampled cacao pods exhibiting necrotic lesions and obtained fungal isolates for morphological and molecular characterization. Techniques, such as culturing on selective media, microscopy, and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the fungal identity. We compared our results with international databases and assessed the genetic variability of the isolates. Morphological characterization placed the fungal isolates within the family Botryosphaeriaceae, and molecular analysis using ITS and EF1-α regions confirmed the species as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, with 100% DNA quality for amplicon analysis and 100% sequence similarity in GenBank. We constructed phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood methods, which revealed high genetic similarity and recent divergence among sequences despite their varied geographic origins. The fungal isolates specifically confirmed the presence of L. theobromae as the causal agent of necrotic lesions in CCN-51 cacao pods from Simón Bolívar. These findings underscore the importance of studying necrotrophic fungi in cacao plants to inform control strategies, improve crop resistance, and support sustainable production, essential to the global cacao trade
LiDAR imagery-based relief interpretation for soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation in the Quaternary Sumbing and Tertiary Kulon Progo Volcano Transition Zone, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFTypically, the transition zone of quaternary and tertiary volcanoes is a potential area for agricultural development but is prone to landslides. Landslide occurrences and the use of former landslide zones exhibit a distinct soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution, necessitating analysis to sustain agricultural output. Laboratory SOC measurements on landscape size are not expedient, necessitating the development of an estimating method for representation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between relief and SOC using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. LiDAR acquisition was carried out to identify relief units as units of analysis. Soil sample measurements were carried out in the laboratory with the parameters analyzed including pH, Bulk Density, Moisture Content, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, N-total, CN Ratio and Cation Exchange Capacity. The results showed that SOC and relief had R2 = 0.89 in the upper layer (0 – 20 cm) and 0.86 in the lower layer (20 - 40 cm). Relief has a high correlation with soil characteristics at the top and bottom of soil depths. It is because of relatively stable elevation and relatively dynamic land cover that SOC is spread out in a clustered way. This research can be used as a basis for agricultural land management, especially in areas prone to landslides
UV-C priming enhances antioxidant mechanisms and bioactive compound biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts
Get PDFRice phenotyping using unmanned aerial vehicles: Analyzing morphological characteristics and yield
Get PDFRice is a globally important crop and a staple in the diet of a large part of the world’s population. This underscores the need for hybridization and improvement of rice genotypes to meet food demand in an environmentally sustainable manner. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have proven to be valuable tools for the morphometric phenotyping of different genotypes. In this study, seven different rice genotypes were evaluated with the objective of selecting those with high yield. Multispectral imagery was used to develop prediction models based on supervised learning algorithms, including Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Elastic Net (EN), and Neural Networks (NN). The variables studied were plant height, number of panicles, number of tillers, and yield. The results showed the following performances: R² = 0.44 for plant height using Random Forest, R² = 0.92 for number of panicles with Neural Networks, R² = 0.44 for number of tillers with SVM, and R² = 0.31 for yield with SVM. This technology significantly supports traditional selection methodologies for hybridization and improvement by providing a spatial approach that enhances and facilitates selection criteri