2383 research outputs found
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I1045 - Imagem do Reator Argonauta
No full textDimensão: 9x12 cmFoto P&B com vista em diagonal, do lado esquerdo, do Reator Argonauta e, na frente, funcionário em mesa de operação visto de costas, no Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, na Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro. Fotografia colada em base de isopor
I1418 - Imagem de equipamento Norelco
No full textDimensão: 12x8 cm (imagem); Dimensão: 34x24 cm (suporte)Impressão P&B de equipamento Norelco recuperado no Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, na Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro. Possui 3 exemplares
I1443 - Imagem de equipamento
No full textDimensão: 8x12 cm (imagem); Dimensão: 34x24 cm (suporte)Impressão P&B de equipamentos parte do sistema de tratamento de dados para o loop a sódio, no Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, na Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro. Possui 3 exemplares
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de nano-hidroxiapatita dopada com holmio-166 para terapia do câncer ósseo
Get PDFO desenvolvimento de nano-radiofármacos é uma atividade imprescindível ao progresso da medicina nuclear, e fundamental para o diagnóstico eficaz e precoce de câncer ósseo. Dentre as pesquisas atuais, os nano-radiofármacos podem ser os mais eficazes na detecção de tumores. Entretanto, adversidades no biodirecionamento do tumor, assim como na adesão do nanoradiofármaco no local desejado, mostram-se como os principais problemas na detecção precoce e no tratamento destas células tumorais. As conquistas da nanotecnologia, principalmente na nanomedicina, demostram contribuições essenciais para que se superem obstáculos fisiológicos, tais como a transposição de barreiras moleculares - através da utilização das nanopartículas. Dessa maneira, o biodirecionamento e o aumento da aderência proporcionam a biodisponibilização do fármaco, possibilitando diagnóstico precoce e tratamento com maior eficácia. Essa dissertação objetiva o desenvolvimento e avaliação da produção, caracterização e uso de nano-hidroxiapatita dopada com Hólmio-166, além de avaliar a biodistribuição, in vivo, de nanopartículas marcadas com o radionuclídeo Tecnécio-99m para a detecção de metástase óssea. A nano-hidroxiapatita foi sintetizada, por precipitação pela via úmida, de hidroxiapatita dopada com 10% de Hólmio 165. As nano-hidroxiapatitas dopadas foram irradiadas no reator IEAR 1 no IPEN/CNEN, gerando assim o radionuclídeo Hólmio 166, beta e gama emissor. A caracterização das nanopartículas for realizada pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A marcação com Tecnécio-99m foi pelo método direto, determinado o seu rendimento pela cromatografia em papel, utilizando a fase estacionária papel de Whatmam nº 1 e para a fase móvel a acetona. No estudo de biodistribuição foram utilizados ratos Wistar sadios, que foram sacrificados 2 horas após a administração do nano-radiofármaco e dessecados para contagem dos órgãos no contador gama. O MEV evidenciou que as nanopartículas apresentam forma esférica, com dispersão de tamanho entre 200 a 250 nm. A marcação das nanopartículas teve um rendimento maior do que 99%. No estudo de biodistribuição com ratos Wistar sadios, foi observado melhora na biodistribuição deste fármaco com diminuição do efeito de primeira passagem, deixando-o mais circulante no sangue, melhora na depuração e diminuição no baço e fígado, menor comprometimento do sistema imune. O estudo em questão sugere que nano-hidroxiapatita dopada com hólmio-166 seja seguro e específico para as células metastáticas ósseas
Distributed Situation Awareness in Nuclear, Chemical, and Maritime Domains
Get PDFThe increase in size, automation and complexity of modern sociotechnical systems changed the dynamics of
work environments and calls for new methodologies and metaphors towards safety of complex systems.
Chemical, nuclear, and transportation (i.e. road, maritime, and aviation) industries are composed of various
nested sub-systems where smooth coordination and communication are essential features to achieve
continuous and safe operations. Even though such sub-systems exist since the industrial revolution, fewer
studies have been conducted in these domains: to understand the work as it is done (rather than it is
imagined), which is the only way to shed light about the variability in work performance and how these subsystems can combine to generate dangerous and unexpected outcomes. The theoretical framework of
Distributed Situation Awareness provides a firm background to investigate the sub-systems that constitute the chemical, nuclear, and maritime industries/domains. This paper unfolds the key sub-systems (e.g., operators, human-computer interfaces, communication tools, and distant/different locations) that play a critical role in normal and abnormal situations in these industries. The complex interconnections among various artifacts are explained and their significance is assessed
Análise do pré-aquecimento de circuitos experimentais a sódio para desenvolvimento de reatores nucleares
Get PDFTo satisfy the experimental requirements of sodium loops for nuclear reactors development, a preheating system, consisting of tubular heaters, is analyzed. The tubular heaters is usually comprised of a nickel-chromium wire centered in a metal sheath and insulated by magnesium oxide. Practical and simplified methods for the preheating parameters calculations and for the heaters elements determination and selection are presented. A thermal method to evaluate the sodium mass in a tank is presented, using the preheating system, when the tank geometry or the sodium level are unknown. The materials employed and the installation procedures of the preheating system are indicated. It is described a procedure, step by step, to make the connection between the electrical resistance and the conductor wire, to assurance the heat dissipation and the air-tight of the heater element. The preheating system analyzed is also convenient to be used in nuclear sodium reactors. Several suggestions are presented to clarify some doubts, to define correction factors, to develop technology, and to give continuity to the present work.Para atender a requisitos dos circuitos experimentais a sódio para desenvolvimento de reatores nucleares, é analisado um sistema de pré-aquecimento constituído de cabos aquecedores tubulares. O cabo aquecedor usual é composto de um fio de níquel-cromo centrado em um tubo metálico, e isolado eletricamente pelo óxido de magnésio. Devido à extensão do tema, a análise se concentra em tubulações, reservatórios e válvulas. Para definir o pré-aquecimento destes componentes, são analisadas suas condições de funcionamento e de temperatura. São apresentados métodos práticos e simplificados para o cálculo dos parâmetros, o dimensionamento da resistência e a escolha dos elementos aquecedores. Foram adotadas como critérios a segurança intrínseca e a limitação da temperatura, para garantir a integridade do circuito e a durabilidade dos cabos aquecedores. É proposto um método térmico para a avaliação da massa do sódio, utilizando o sistema de pré-aquecimento, quando não se conhece a geometria do reservatório ou o nível do sódio. São indicados os materiais de uso corrente e os procedimentos para a montagem do sistema de pré-aquecimento. Para garantir a dissipação do calor e a hermeticidade do elemento aquecedor é descrito, passo a passo, o modo de fazer a conexão entre a resistência elétrica central e o fio condutor. O sistema de pré-aquecimento analisado é também adequado ao emprego em reatores nucleares. São apresentadas várias sugestões de trabalhos, a serem realizados, para esclarecer dúvidas, definir fatores corretivos, desenvolver tecnologia e dar continuidade ao estudo ora iniciado
Design and evaluation of new overview screens for the labihs simulator
Get PDFThe development and evaluation of Human-System Interfaces (HSIs) for control rooms is a research area at the Human-System Interface Laboratory (LABIHS). The main objective of this laboratory is to develop and evaluate projects of HSIs for industrial plants using different methodology construction. The evaluation of the interfaces is carried out in the LABIHS simulator at the Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN). Previous evaluation of the overview screen of the nuclear power plant (NPP) simulator of the LABIHS showed the necessity of additional
information to reduce the operator workload. To overcome this issue, a set of three 52-inch LCD TV was acquired to replace the projector in the task of showing the overview screen to the simulator operators. A new set of screens was developed to gather information in the three LCD screens. The approach used on the development of the new screens was based on human factors guidelines and recommendations. The objective of this work is present the design of these new overview screens and to evaluate their contribution to reduce the operators mental workload in this new scenario
Preliminary studies on the optimization of countermeasures for agricultural areas
Get PDFThe assessment of remediation measures for rural areas is more complex than that for urban ones, due to the
influence of large number of variables associated with climate, diet, farming practices and the type of soil. Thus, it is not possible to perform generic studies applicable to all types of area. Specific studies and surveys should be made in the areas most likely to contamination from a nuclear accident. Preliminary studies demonstrated that the different soil types in Brazil is more relevant to the ingestion dose than the regional differences in diets. Other studies have described the prioritization of areas and products for detailed survey on soil types and remediation procedures, for an accident at the NPP in Angra dos Reis, based on radiological and economic aspects. The most relevant product was milk, due to both its relevance to the intake and the loss of income for the counties. The contribution of milk to dose depends on the season of the year when the accident occurs, mainly due to the relative contribution of other items of the diet. The timing of the application of the countermeasure has an important effect on the dose reduction that can be achieved. For I-131, protective measures must be considered within the emergency phase in order to be effective. The main action on reducing ingestion doses is the removal of food items from diet, while providing clean food to the population
Photopeak efficiency response function of an underwater gamma ray NaI(TI) detector using MCNP X
Get PDFThis work presents a study to calculate the response function of a 1.5”x 1” NaI(Tl) scintillation detector when it is used in the marine environment in the energy range from 20 keV to 662 keV. The method takes into account both the scattering of photons in the water and the detection mechanism of the detector. In addition, the calculation of the response function of the whole system is essential for suppressing the background of the measurement and for estimating the concentration of the involved radionuclides, especially given the greater probability of primary gamma photons undergoing multiple scattering events before they interact with the detector. The experimental photopeak efficiency measurements for point sources were compared with the simulated results under the same conditions of the experimental setup to validate the simulation of the detector. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the MCNP-X code for the investigation of gamma-ray absorption in water in different brines. The energy resolution curve was used to improve the response of the mathematical simulation of the detector. The detector’s simulation was based on information obtained from the gammagraphy technique. Both dimensions and materials were used for the calculation with the MCNP-X code. The photopeak efficiency of a NaI(Tl) detector for different radionuclides in the aquatic environment with different salinities was calculated
Tangible interfaces in virtual environments, case study "Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear Virtual"
Get PDFVirtual Reality (VR) techniques allow the creation of realistic representations of an individual. These technologies are being applied in several fields such as training, simulations, virtual experiments and new applications are constantly being found. This work aims to present an interactive system in virtual environments without the use of peripherals typically found in computers such as mouse and keyboard. Through the movement of head and hands it is possible to control and navigate the virtual character (avatar) in a virtual environment, an improvement in the man-machine integration. The head movements are recognized using a virtual helmet with a tracking system. An infrared camera detects the position of infrared LEDs located in the operator’s head and places the vision of the virtual character in accordance with the operator’s vision. The avatar control is performed by a system that detects the movement of the hands, using infrared sensors, allowing the user to move it in the virtual environment. This interaction system was implemented in the virtual model of the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), which is located on the Ilha do Fundão - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. This three-dimensional environment, in which avatars can move and interact according to the user movements, gives a feeling of realism to the operator. The results show an interface that allows a higher degree of immersion of the operator in the virtual environment, promoting a more engaging and dynamic way of working