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APPLYING COMPUTER-BASED PROCEDURES IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
No full textAplicação de procedimentos baseados em computador EM NUCLEAR
USINAS
Procedimentos de operação da planta são usados para orientar os operadores em lidar com situações normais, anormais ou de emergência
num sistema de controlo de processo. Historicamente, os processos de plantas têm sido baseados em papel (PBP), com a
tendência digitalização nesses sistemas complexos procedimentos baseados em computador (PBC) estão sendo desenvolvidos para
utilização do procedimento de suporte. Este trabalho mostra brevemente a pesquisa sobre CBPs na Interface Humano-System
Laboratory (LABIHS). O procedimento de operação de emergência EOP-0 do simulador LABIHS NPP foi
implementado no sistema Impro CBP. O sistema Impro foi escolhido para o ensaio porque está disponível para
descarregue na Internet. Um teste de operação preliminar, utilizando o procedimento executado no sistema PFC foi
realizado e os resultados foram comparados com a operação por meio do uso de PBP.Plant operation procedures are used to guide operators in coping with normal, abnormal or emergency situations
in a process control system. Historically, the plant procedures have been paper-based (PBP), with the
digitalization trend in these complex systems computer-based procedures (CBPs) are being developed to
support procedure use. This work shows briefly the research on CBPs at the Human-System Interface
Laboratory (LABIHS). The emergency operation procedure EOP-0 of the LABIHS NPP simulator was
implemented in the ImPRO CBP system. The ImPRO system was chosen for test because it is available for
download in the Internet. A preliminary operation test using the implemented procedure in the CBP system was
realized and the results were compared to the operation through PBP use
Measurements of indoor 222Rn concentration in two art galleries
Get PDFIt is point out that radon and their decay products in environment give high dose to human lung. Studies indicate that the indoor radon inhalation by humans has been considered probably the second most important cause of lung cancer after of smoking. A passive-type radon detector was used for measuring indoor radon concentration in two art galleries at Rio de Janeiro city during 90 days January to March, 2009. The aim of this study is to evaluate the occupational and public radon exposure in art galleries and museums. This paper shows the preliminary results of samples collected at two art galleries located in Gávea, Rio de Janeiro city. 30 LEXAN (GE) track detectors were exposed in the air (indoor as well as outdoor). The samples were collected in the same building which is a construction of XIX century. The analysis of the results suggests that the 222Rn
concentration levels are different in both sampling site, in closed environmental, demonstrating that, although
the construction materials are the same the absence of circulating air is a factor very important to increase the
concentration of indoor Rn
GPU-based high performance Monte Carlo simulation in neutron transport
Get PDFGraphics Processing Units (GPU) are high performance co-processors intended, originally,
to improve the use and quality of computer graphics applications. Since researchers and
practitioners realized the potential of using GPU for general purpose, their application
has been extended to other elds out of computer graphics scope. The main objective
of this work is to evaluate the impact of using GPU in neutron transport simulation
by Monte Carlo method. To accomplish that, GPU- and CPU-based (single and multicore)
approaches were developed and applied to a simple, but time-consuming problem.
Comparisons demonstrated that the GPU-based approach is about 15 times faster than
a parallel 8-core CPU-based approach also developed in this work
Requisitos básicos para implementação de um sistema de procedimentos computadorizados no Laboratório de Interfaces Homem-Sistema - LABIHS
Get PDFO Laboratório de Interfaces Homem-Sistema (LABIHS) é formado por um conjunto de equipamentos e programas de computadores que simulam os processos de uma usina nuclear com 930 MWe de potência, formando um simulador compacto de uma planta nuclear PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) e constituindo uma sala de controle avançada com várias interfaces gráficas representando os vários sistemas que compõem o reator nuclear. Uma das linhas de pesquisa do LABIHS é o desenvolvimento e avaliação de sistemas de procedimentos computadorizados (PBCs) para salas de controle avançadas de plantas industriais. Este relatório tem como principal objetivo descrever os requisitos básicos para implementação do Cliente PBC a ser implementado para a planta nuclear do simulador do LABIHS bem como descrever o estágio atual de implementação deste sistema no laboratório
Multiprocessor modeling of parallel Particle Swarm Optimization applied to nuclear engineering problems
No full textAbordagem regulatória do programa de monitoração da eficácia da manutenção para usinas nucleoelétricas
No full textA geração de energia elétrica por meio de usinas nucleares requer que esta
instalação seja segura, confiável e esteja disponível nos momentos de seu
funcionamento. Para este objetivo, um programa de manutenção adequado, eficaz e
bem elaborado torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil e essencial à proprietária da
usina. Entretanto, é necessário atender aos requisitos regulatórios na
implementação deste programa que monitora a eficácia desta manutenção. Existem
normas brasileiras com requisitos gerais a serem obedecidos. Os guias regulatórios
internacionais detalham bem estes requisitos mas é necessário verificar se a
metodologia pode ser integralmente empregada aquí no Brasil ou precisa ser
adaptada para nosso uso. Assim, o guia americano NUMARC 93-01, que detalha
como poderia ser implementado um programa para esta monitoração, sugere
algumas metodologias. Nesta tese, as metodologias Delphi e Análise Probabilística de Segurança foram resumidamente incluídas porque foram elas escolhidas para
implementar esta monitoração.em uma usina brasileira Os resultados que estão
sendo obtidos mostram que, sob o aspecto regulatório, esta é uma metodologia que
atende às nossas normas e fornece muitos resultados para um bom gerenciamento
da usina.The electrical power generation using nuclear power plants requires this installation
being safety, reliable and available for the working periods. For this purpose, an
adequate, effective and well conducted maintenance program makes an essential
and useful tool to the owner of the plant. However, it is necessary to follow the
regulatory requirements for this program implementation which monitores this
maintenance effectiveness. There are brazilian norms requirements which must be
followed. The international regulatory guides establish these requirements in good
details but it is necessary to verify if this methodology for implementing can be totally
applied here in Brazil. Then, the american guide NUMARC 93-01 which details how
can be implemented a program for this monitoring, shows some methods for using. In this thesis, the Delphi and Probabilistic Safety Analysis were briefly included
because they were prefered for implementing this monitoring.in a Brazilian plant. The
results which are being obtained show that, looking the regulatory aspects, the
NUMARC 93-01 follows our regulations and gives good results for the plant
management
Applying particle swarm optimization algorithm for tuning a neuro-fuzzy inference system for sensor monitoring.
Get PDFUm sistema de inferência neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) ajustado pela otimização por enxame de partículas (PSO) algoritmo foi desenvolvido para controlar o sensor relevante em uma usina de energia nuclear (NPP), utilizando as informações de outros sensores. Os parâmetros antecedente do ANFIS que estima o sinal do sensor relevante são otimizados através de um algoritmo PSO e consequentes parâmetros usam um algoritmo de mínimos quadrados. A metodologia proposta para monitorar sinais de saída do sensor foi demonstrada através da estimativa do valor de energia nuclear em um reator de água pressurizada usando como entrada para as outras ANFIS seis sinais correlacionados. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com dois ANFIS semelhantes utilizando um gradiente descendente (GD) e outro algoritmo genético (GA), como parâmetros do algoritmo de treino 'antecedentes.A neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) tuned by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been developed for monitoring the relevant sensor in a nuclear power plant (NPP) using the information of other sensors. The antecedent parameters of the ANFIS that estimates the relevant sensor signal are optimized by a PSO algorithm and consequent parameters use a least-squares algorithm. The proposed methodology to monitor sensor output signals was demonstrated through the estimation of the nuclear power value in a pressurized water reactor using as input to the ANFIS six other correlated signals. The obtained results are compared to two similar ANFIS using one gradient descendent (GD) and other genetic algorithm (GA), as antecedent parameters' training algorithm
Guidance for nuclear medicine staff on radiopharmaceuticals drug.
Get PDFDiversos casos de interações medicamentosas com radiofármacos ocorrem diariamente na rotina
hospitalar, contudo muitos deles não são notificados ou mesmo percebidos. Informações a respeito desse
tipo de reação não é abundante e os profissionais da medicina nuclear muitas vezes estão assoberbados
por essas informações. De modo a entender esse tipo de reação e auxiliar a medicina nuclear a lidar
com essa situação uma revisão da literatura foi realizada. Os resultados mostraram que a totalidade
dos radiofármacos comercializados no mundo apresentam interação medicamentosa com uma enorme
variedade de outros medicamentos. Dessa forma sugere-se que revisões sobre radiofármacos inclua
um capítulo sobre efeitos adversos. Além disso, um esforço mundial para notificar efeitos adversos
deve ser realizado, pois somente dessa forma se terá um quadro real da situação referente interações
medicamentosas com radiofármacos.
Unitermos: Medicina nuclear. Radiologia. Radiofármacos/interações medicamentosas. Imagem
molecular.Numerous drug interactions related to radiopharmaceuticals take place every day in hospitals many of
which are not reported or detected. Information concerning this kind of reaction is not abundant, and
nuclear medicine staff are usually overwhelmed by this information. To better understand this type of
reaction, and to help nuclear medicine staff deal with it, a review of the literature was conducted. The results
show that almost all of radiopharmaceuticals marketed around the world present drug interactions with a
large variety of compounds. This suggests that a logical framework to make decisions based on reviews
incorporating adverse reactions must be created. The review also showed that researchers undertaking
a review of literature, or even a systematic review that incorporates drug interactions, must understand
the rationale for the suggested methods and be able to implement them in their review. Additionally, a
global effort should be made to report as many cases of drug interaction with radiopharmaceuticals as
possible. With this, a complete picture of drug interactions with radiopharmaceuticals can be drawn
Analysis of Ultrasonic Techniques for the Characterization of Microfiltration Polymeric Membranes
Get PDFThe use of polymeric membranes is extremely important in several industries such as nuclear, biotechnology,
chemical and pharmaceutical. In the nuclear area, for instance, systems based on membrane separation
technologies are currently being used in the treatment of radioactive liquid effluent, and new technologies using membranes are being developed at a great rate. The knowledge of the physical characteristics of these
membranes, such as, pore size and the pore size distribution, is very important to the membranes separation
processes. Only after these characteristics are known is it possible to determine the type and to choose a
particular membrane for a specific application. In this work, two ultrasonic non destructive techniques were
used to determine the porosity of membranes: pulse echo and transmission. A 25 MHz immersion transducer
was used. Ultrasonic signals were acquired, for both techniques, after the ultrasonic waves passed through a
microfiltration polymeric membrane of pore size of 0.45 μm and thickness of 180 μm. After the emitted
ultrasonic signal crossed the membrane, the received signal brought several information on the influence of the membrane porosity in the standard signal of the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic signals were acquired in the time domain and changed to the frequency domain by application of the Fourier Fast Transform (FFT), thus generating the material frequency spectrum. For the pulse echo technique, the ultrasonic spectrum frequency changed after the ultrasonic wave crossed the membrane. With the transmission technique there was only a displacement of the ultrasonic signal at the time domain
The users centered design of a new digital fluorometer
Get PDFThe fluorometer is the equipment used in chemical analysis laboratories, research institutes and nuclear fuel
cycle companies. This equipment measures an unknown amount of uranium in ores, rivers, etc. The fluorometer
functioning is based on the uranium fluorescence when submitted to the ultraviolet radiation incidence. The
fluorescence is measured by an electronic optic system with optics filters, photomultiplier tube, and a current
amplifier. The user centered design involvers the user in the product development in all phases of the design
process. Users are not simply consulted at the beginning of the design process and evaluated the system at the
end; they are treated as partners throughout the design process. The user centered design emphasizes the needs
and abilities of the users and improves the usability of the equipment. The activity centered design emphasizes
the development of the equipment with a deep understanding of the users activities and of the current work
practices of the users. The aim of this paper is to present a methodological framework that contributes to the
design and evaluation of a new digital fluorometer towards an approach related to the users and their activities.
This methodological framework includes users-based testing, interviews, questionnaires, human factors
standards and guidelines, the users activity analysis and users satisfaction questionnaire