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Methodology for the LABIHS PWR Simulator Modernization
No full textMetodologia para a Modernização LABIHS PWR Simulator
O (LABIHS) simulador Laboratório Interface Homem-System é composto por um conjunto de componentes de hardware e de software avançadas, cujo objetivo é simular as principais características de um reator de água sob pressão (PWR).
Este simulador serve para um conjunto de propósitos, tais como: projetos de modernização sala de controle; Projecção dos sistemas de operação auxiliar; fornecendo conhecimento tecnológico para interfaces gráficas de usuário (GUIs) projetar; salas de controle
e interfaces de avaliações considerando tanto ergonomia e fatores humanos aspectos; análise da interação entre os operadores e os vários sistemas operados por eles; e análise de confiabilidade humana em cenários considerando
acidentes simulados e operação normal.
O simulador é executado em um servidor de arquitetura PA-RISC (HPC3700),
desenvolvidos de 2000 nas proximidades, que utilizam o sistema operacional HP-UX. Todos os componentes de modelagem matemática foram escritos utilizando a linguagem de programação Fortran HP-77 com uma memória compartilhada para a troca de dados de / para todos
simuladores.
Embora este quadro hardware / software foi descontinuado em 2008, com o apoio costumer cessar em 2013, ele ainda é utilizado para executar e operar o simulador. Devido ao facto de que o simulador é baseada em um aparelho obsoleto e proprietário, o laboratório é sujeito a eficiência e disponibilidade problemas, tais como: tempo de inatividade causado por falhas de hardware; incapacidade para executar experiências em arquiteturas modernas e bem conhecidos; e da falta de opção de executar várias instâncias de simulação simultaneamente.
Desta forma, há uma necessidade de uma proposta e implementação de soluções de modo que: (i) o simulador pode ser portado para o sistema operacional Linux, correndo na arquitetura do conjunto de instruções x86 (ou seja, computadores pessoais); (ii) que pudermos
executar simultaneamente várias instâncias do simulador; e (iii) os terminais de operação executar remotamente.
Este artigo trata da fase de concepção da modernização simulador, no qual é realizada uma inspeção completa do hardware e do software em operação atualmente. Nosso objetivo é destacar os pontos críticos para a portabilidade simulador,
isto é, o conjunto de técnicas e diretrizes de programação que precisam ser adaptados ou reformuladas. Nós também
soluções escolhidas presentes para os problemas detectados.The Human-System Interface Laboratory (LABIHS) simulator is composed by a set of advanced hardware and
software components whose goal is to simulate the main characteristics of a Pressured Water Reactor (PWR).
This simulator serves for a set of purposes, such as: control room modernization projects; designing of operator
aiding systems; providing technological expertise for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) designing; control rooms
and interfaces evaluations considering both ergonomics and human factors aspects; interaction analysis between
operators and the various systems operated by them; and human reliability analysis in scenarios considering
simulated accidents and normal operation. The simulator runs in a PA-RISC architecture server (HPC3700),
developed nearby 2000’s, using the HP-UX operating system. All mathematical modeling components were
written using the HP Fortran-77 programming language with a shared memory to exchange data from/to all
simulator modules. Although this hardware/software framework has been discontinued in 2008, with costumer
support ceasing in 2013, it is still used to run and operate the simulator. Due to the fact that the simulator is
based on an obsolete and proprietary appliance, the laboratory is subject to efficiency and availability issues,
such as: downtime caused by hardware failures; inability to run experiments on modern and well known
architectures; and lack of choice of running multiple simulation instances simultaneously. This way, there is a
need for a proposal and implementation of solutions so that: (i) the simulator can be ported to the Linux
operating system, running on the x86 instruction set architecture (i.e. personal computers); (ii) we can
simultaneously run multiple instances of the simulator; and (iii) the operator terminals run remotely. This paper
deals with the design stage of the simulator modernization, in which it is performed a thorough inspection of the
hardware and software currently in operation. Our goal is to highlight critical points to the simulator portability,
that is, the set of techniques and programming directives that need to be adapted or reformulated. We also
present chosen solutions for the detected issues
Remote system for monitoring and control of controlled area of nuclear installation
Get PDFThe maintenance activities in controlled areas of nuclear facilities require adequate planning and control so that these activities do not cause to the worker an undue exposure to radioactivity. For maximum safety of workers who work in these places, there are standards that determine the maximum radiation dose that a worker can receive. From this context, the objective of this research is to develop a remote system that shows remotely the maintenance tasks being carried out in this work environment; monitors information provided by radiation monitoring devices installed at workplace; tracks the time to carry out scheduled maintenance, reporting alarm if this time is exceeded or not. The system has video camera, radiation monitoring device, interface card to transmit data via ethernet and graphical user interface, developed using the LABVIEW application. The principal objective is to improve the safety and to preserve the worker’s health
Leading safety performance indicators for resilience assessment of radiopharmaceuticals production processes
Get PDFRadiopharmaceuticals are radiation-emitting substances used in medicine for radiotherapy and imaging diagnosis. A Research Institute, located in Rio de Janeiro, produces three radiopharmaceuticals: the sodium iodate is used in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunctions, the meta-iodo-benzylguanidine is used in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases, and the fluordesoxyglucose is used in diagnosis in cardiology, oncology, neurology and neuropsychiatry. This paper presents a leading safety performance indicators framework to assess the resilience of radiopharmaceuticals production processes. The organizations that use resilience indicators will be able to proactively evaluate and manage safety
Adaptive remeshing in 2D neutron diffusion using external programs: GenMesh and Triangle
No full textO objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar não só uma ferramenta que propicie uma melhor precisão na solução no caso da análise de difusão neurônica, mas também apresentar alguns resultados numa bem simplificada análise de cinética espacial. Para este primeiro objetivo, um indicador de erro baseado na continuidade da corrente de nêutrons nas interfaces inter-elçementos é apresentada e alguns resultados baseados na remalhagem adaptativa são apresentados no caso 2D utilizando programas externos tais como a GenMesh (com limitações no numero de materiais) e Triangle. Para alcançar o segundo objetivo foi necessário inserir a cinética pontual no programa MED. Alguns exemplos de cinética pontual são apresentados no intuito de certificar que os resultados apresentados pelo programa MEF estão em acordo com aqueles apresentados por outros autores. Finalmente, uma análise bem simplificada de cinética espacial é realizada em um reator cujas seções de choque, correspondentes a duas regiões diferentes do núcleo, variam de uma forma senoidal com fases diferentes
A ERGONOMIA EM PROJETOS DE AUTOMATIZAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO NO SETOR DE EXPEDIÇÃO DE RADIOFÁRMACOS DE UM INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS DO GOVERNO FEDERAL
No full textRadiopharmaceuticals are radioactive drugs used for diagnosing or treating diseases of the human
organism. When the radiopharmaceutical is administered to the patient, it is deposited in the target tissue or organ
and images can be acquired from the radiation detection from the patient, using appropriate equipment.This paper presents a project to automate the activity of radiological monitoring of radiopharmaceuticals in a
Research Institute of the Federal Government, located in Rio de Janeiro. This automation project is the result of an
Ergonomic Work Analysis performed in the radiopharmaceuticals expedition sector. We started from a
managemental demand that indicated physical problems (transport of heavy materials by workers, exposure of
workers to ionizing radiation) and cognitive problems (time pressure in the execution of activities). By Work
Ergonomic Analysis it was evidenced that the exposure of workers to ionizing radiation in the monitoring of packed
radiopharmaceuticals was the most serious problem.Radiofármacos são fármacos radioativos utilizados no diagnóstico ou tratamento de patologias e
disfunções do organismo humano. Uma vez administrado ao paciente, o radiofármaco deposita-se no órgão ou
tecido alvo e imagens podem ser adquiridas a partir da detecção da radiação proveniente do paciente, utilizando-se
equipamentos apropriados. Este trabalho apresenta um projeto de automatização da atividade de monitoração
radiológica de radiofármacos em um Instituto de Pesquisa do Governo Federal, localizado no Rio de Janeiro. Este
projeto de automatização é o resultado de uma Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) realizada no setor de
expedição de radiofármacos. Partiu-se de uma demanda gerencial que indicava problemas de natureza física
(transporte de materiais pesados pelos trabalhadores, exposição dos trabalhadores à radiação ionizante) e cognitiva
(pressão temporal na execução das atividades). Pela metodologia AET constatou-se que a exposição dos
trabalhadores à radiação ionizante na monitoração dos radiofármacos embalados era o problema mais grave
Specific Filters Applied in Nuclear Medicine Services
Get PDFIn Nuclear Medicine, radioiodine, in various chemical forms, is a key tracer used in diagnostic practices and/or therapy. Due to its high volatility, medical professionals may incorporate radioactive iodine during the
preparation of the dose to be administered to the patient. In radioactive iodine therapy doses ranging from 3.7 to 7.4GBq per patient are employed. Thus, aiming at reducing the risk of occupational contamination, we
developed a low cost filter to be installed at the exit of the exhaust system where doses of radioactive iodine are fractionated, using domestic technology. The effectiveness of radioactive iodine retention by silver impregnated silica [10%] crystals and natural activated carbon was verified using radiotracer techniques. The results showed that natural activated carbon is effective for I2 capture for a large or small amount of substrate but its use is restricted due to its low flash point (150º C). Besides, when poisoned by organic solvents, this flash point may become lower, causing explosions if absorbing large amounts of nitrates. To hold the CH3I gas, it was necessary to increase the volume of natural activated carbon since it was not absorbed by SiO2 + Ag crystals. We concluded that, for an exhaust flow range of (306 4) m3/h, a double stage filter using SiO2 + Ag in the first stage and natural activated carbon in the second is sufficient to meet radiological safety requirements
Tangible interfaces for navigation in virtual environments: a Argonauta Reactor case study
Get PDFThis work presents a interaction system for virtual environments that allows users control platform without the need of using mouse and keyboard. Through the head movement and voice commands is possible the navigation and control of virtual human (avatar), thus, better human-computer integration. The control system called SOMI (Sounds and Motion Interface) is based on speech recognition using artificial neural networks (ANN), where once the ANN are trained for the different users it possible direct a vocal command to a command of avatar, resulting in the possibility of control by voice. Head movements are recognised using the system infrared(IR) head tracking, this system is based in a IR camera detecting the position of IR leds positioned on the user's head to put the avatar vision in accordance with the vision of the user. The SOMI was integrated into a system called Virtual Argonauta (VA), this system configures itself as a virtual platform for operations training at nuclear reactor research of the Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN/CNEN), until the present work the virtual person was all controlled by mouse and keyboard, preventing the use of head mounted display (HMD) and decreasing user immersion. The results show an interface that promotes a more effective and engaging manner allowing the use of HMD and with that greater immersion of human beings to the virtual environment, more specifically the VA environment
Separation of Mn(II) in presence of Al(III) in acid drainage from an uranium mine with the use of chelating resins
Get PDFThe acid drainage of Osamu Utsumi mine is the main environmental impact from mining activities in Poços de Caldas – MG – Brazil. The water produced in this process is characterized by high acidity and heavy metal concentration. To minimize this environmental impact, new technologies directed towards treatment of acid drainage of mine (ADM) have been studied. However, due to the presence of Al3+ (which has a high charge) in the ADM, these resins get quickly saturated, preventing stripping of divalent cations like Mn2+. This study proposes the synthesis of chelating resins that provide preferential retention of Mn2+ instead of Al3+. It was synthesized resins functionalized with amidoxime and dithiocarbamate. The capacity of retention of Mn2+ e Al3+ ions at different pH values was assessed for each resin. The stripping of Mn2+ at 2, 3 and 4 (pH ADM range) by studied resins was not preferential for Mn2+ in relation to Al3+, probably due to the strong electrostatic interaction between this last type of high charge density and the active sites from extractor agents and resins. However at pH 6 (stated by environmental norms for liquid effluents discharge) the synthesized resins had a good retention capacity for Mn2+. So it is proposed that the extraction technique using chelating resins could be employed to strip Mn2+ from ADM at pH 6,0, since at this condition , Al3+ is precipitaed as Al(OH)3
Performance indicators of a new Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) method
Get PDFA new computer automated radioactive particle tracking method has been developed by the Nuclear Engineering Institute. The method has adopted a physical model consisting of a punctual particle inside a cylindrical unit so that the space is formed by small cubic cells. Each cell is assigned a probability factor identifying a reconstruction matrix element as it has been made in image reconstruction applications. Particle’s instantaneous coordinates are estimated using a dedicated software to reconstruct the cell’s activity images so as to identify the unique cell with the greatest probability to contain the particle and, consequently, the fluctuating velocity fields of the phase under investigation. In order to quantify the precision of this method, a test was carried out to evaluate detection system’s performance indicators, resolution and sensitivity, from the experimental data collected during the circular movement of a 198Au particle. According to the results, the CARPT method already has a liable performance: a mean resolution equal to 1.3 mm and a mean sensitivity equal to 10.7% / mm
Construction of new operation interface for the LABIHS simulator using the elipse e3 studio software
Get PDFThe Human-System Interface Laboratory (LABIHS), located at the Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), has a
compact simulator that simulate the processes of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Nuclear Power Plant
(NPP) of 930 MWe of power. This simulator is composed by a HP-UX workstation computer, where the
simulation software runs, and a set of computer stations, that represent an advanced control room, where the
simulator is operated by software control panels that represent several systems of the simulated nuclear power
plant. The current HSIs for the LABIHS simulator was built using iLog software tool. The development of
new human-system interfaces (HSIs) for the simulator is one of the research fields of LABIHS. This paper
presents the screen components development process for a new HSI for the LABIHS simulator, using the
software Elipse™ E3 Studio. These new components developed using the E3 Studio are similar to the ones
used in the current simulator interface. The article shows some comparisons between the component and screen development with Elipse™ E3 Studio processes and using iLog Studio