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Panmagic Permutations and N-ary Groups
Get PDFPanmagic permutations are permutations whose matrices are panmagic squares. Positions of 1-s in the latter describe maximal configurations of non-attacking queens on a toroidal chessboard. Some of them, affine panmagic permutations, can be conveniently described by linear formulas of modular arithmetic, and we show that their sets have remarkable algebraic properties when one multiplies three or more of them rather than just two. In group-theoretic terms, they are special cosets of the dihedral group in the group of all affine permutations. We also investigate decomposition of panmagic permutations into disjoint cycles and find many connections with classical topics of number theory: multiplicative orders, 4k+1 primes, primitive roots and quadratic residues
Eroding Sovereignty and Culture: The Impact of The Doctrine of Discovery on Onondaga Sovereignty and Cultural Integrity
Get PDFThis research paper examines the enduring impact of the Doctrine of Discovery on Native American sovereignty, with a focus on the Onondaga Nation and the Iroquois Confederacy. By tracing the doctrine\u27s legal, political, and cultural consequences, it is revealed how the Doctrine and its language has been used to justify the dispossession of Native lands while contributing to the erosion of Indigenous self-governance. This paper looks directly at the Onondaga Nation whom have actively fought against the consequences of the Doctrine to assert their sovereignty. Drawing on treaties, legal documents, and case rulings this project highlights the intersection of colonial ideologies and Native resilience, advocating for a critical reevaluation of historical injustices and their contemporary implications
California Sociology Forum
Get PDFThis is the first page of the California Sociology Forum Student Journal of Sociology Volume 7 Spring 2025
Roles and Impressions within Romantic Relationships and Heartbreak
Get PDFThis collection of four poems explores the breakdown of romantic relationships that leads to heartbreak through the use of metaphorical and allegorical comparison, particularly through imagery found in fairytales or mythical and mystical lore. Sociology has a keen interest in the dynamics of social relationships, which includes how individuals collectively navigate romantic connections. Such relationship interactions have become key sociological topics, with several sociological theories offering insight into ways of understanding interpersonal communication and conscious or subconscious negotiations that occur. According to role theory, social interactions are greatly informed by established norms and presumed or assumed roles. Under exchange theory, relationships can be viewed as continually weighing pros and cons or as gauging trade-offs of costs and benefits, including comparing alternative options when deciding to continue a relationship. Impression formation often comes into play for one’s overall perception of others and impression management is the act of someone trying to endear or ingratiate oneself with others when attempting to maintain or even strengthen a relationship bond. Role strain occurs when an individual within a relationship feels like they are unable to uphold that which is expected of them. Romantic relationships tend to be even more heightened than verage interpersonal relationships due to heightened feelings and emotions. Symbolic interactionism can emerge as romantic partners try to make gestures of love towards one another, but such symbolism does not guarantee relational compatibility
The History of Bullets Against Children
No full textHundreds of school shooting massacres are the average yearly in the United States. That means hundreds of students, teachers, staff, parents, and whole communities that are physically and mentally harmed yearly. Yet, little to no legislation is made to protect these innocent lives from the firearms that aim at them. All because of our 2nd amendment. In this essay, we will first study the history of the 2nd amendment, we then will study different mass school shooting cases and how they present issues in the current laws. Afterwards we will look at the effects that mass school shootings cause. And lastly we will conclude with reviewing what we can do to cause change, not erase our 2nd amendment right, but how we can protect these children’s rights to life,liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Changes in gun laws are necessary for the safety of the future generations of the United States
Fostering Harm On Campus:: The Shortcomings of Carceral Responses to Sexual Harm Within Institutes of Higher Education
No full textInstitutes of Higher Learning (IHEs) are uniquely situated to be able to educate young people making the transition from their formative households to engaging with the world as adults. Unfortunately, many students, including myself, have found college campuses to not only host sexual harm but foster it. By adhering to carceral approaches and norms IHEs foster sexual harm on campus and risk the educational outcomes of all students, not just the ones who cause harm. Though Title IX procedures are intended to provide an educational atmosphere free of sexual harassment, in practice they neither prevent nor adequately respond to much of the harm that occurs on campus.
These institutions tend to approach isolated instances embedded within wider campus patterns of sexual harm as a decision around who gets to continue their education and under what limitations. In doing so, they are - inadvertently or not - taking a moral and political stance in favor of a culture of incarceration embedded within these institutions decades ago. But this carceral approach is demonstrably ineffective for protecting students and easing the pain of students who have been harmed, and works directly against the mission of these institutions to educate young people. By adhering to carceral approaches and norms IHEs foster sexual harm on campus and risk the educational outcomes of all students, not just the ones who cause harm. Outdated narratives, inadequate preventative education, and inadequate institutional support for students affected by sexual harm all accumulate to contribute to a broader culture of systemic - but avoidable - campus sexual harm.
When IHEs fall back on carceral practices to presumably protect their students, they succumb to moral and institutional failure by missing educational opportunities not only to discourage campus-adjacent sexual harm, but also to lower the number of students who proceed to cause sexual harm after graduation, furthering campus missions to graduate responsible social citizens. This paper examines how IHEs foster sexual harm on their campuses while claiming to prevent it, with the intention of challenging the standard idea of students who commit sexual harm as irredeemable “bad people” who are not only disposable, but who must be disposed of in order to keep other students safe. What if instead we address the ways the institutions these students are attending actively foster this harm, and call for IHEs to live up to their mission to educate our next generation of responsible citizens
