California State University (CSU): Open Journal Systems
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Caustics of Light Rays and Euler\u27s Angle of Inclination
Get PDFEuler used intrinsic equations expressing the radius of curvature as a function of the angle of inclination to find curves similar to their evolutes. We interpret the evolute of a plane curve optically, as the caustic (envelope) of light rays normal to it, and study the Euler\u27s problem for general caustics. The resulting curves are characterized when the rays are at a constant angle to the curve, generalizing the case of evolutes. Aside from analogs of classical solutions we encounter some new types of curves. We also consider caustics of parallel rays reflected by a curved mirror, where Euler\u27s problem leads to a novel pantograph equation, and describe its analytic solutions
The KnotLink Game
Get PDFRecently, several new games have been introduced that can be played on knot and link diagrams. One of the first such games, played on knot diagrams, is called the Knotting-Unknotting Game. In this game, one player aims to create an unknot while their opponent tries to produce a nontrivial knot. The Linking-Unlinking Game is similar, but is played on link diagrams. In this game, one player\u27s goal is to produce an unlink while the other player aims to create any nontrivial link. In our paper, we introduce a hybrid of these two games, called the KnotLink game, that can be played on either a knot or a link diagram. Moves and players\u27 goals are similar to those of the previous two games, with one key difference that allows the game board to be transformed from a knot to a link or vice versa during game play. We describe this new game, provide a sample game, and prove several results regarding winning strategies for infinite families of rational knots and links
Privilege Campaigning in Tlaxcala
Get PDFThis research examines the alliance formed between the Spanish and the Tlaxcalans during the Conquest of Mexico with particular emphasis on the granting of privileges after petitions to the Spanish Crown. Using arguments made by Matthew Restall’s Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest as a starting point, primary sources such as the Florentine Codex and The Tlaxcalan Actas are used to cite examples of Tlaxcalan motivations, such as land grants and tribute relief, in forming an alliance with Cortes and his men. The Tlaxcalans, who felt that their contribution to the Conquest was not rewarded, made multiple campaigns in order to persuade the Crown to grant economic rewards. The Lienzo de Tlaxcala, a primary pictorial source made one generation post-Conquest, is one petition that is analyzed in this research. Emphasis when analyzing the Lienzo will be placed on the elements of visual persuasion that would appeal to a Spanish audience, such as the acceptance of Catholicism and military aide. The significance of the Lienzo campaign is that it demonstrates indigenous agency in a system that ultimately favored Spaniards
Social Justice and Social and Emotional Learning in the Classroom
Get PDFLearners of all ages are encouraged to interrogate institutions that frame their lives through the Teaching Tolerance Social Justice Standards (SJS) and the five competencies of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL). The SJS and SEL used in classroom and community work cultivate self-awareness, relationship-building, and responsible decision-making. They can instigate actionable outcomes that contribute to social justice initiatives and help to sustain a democratic society. This paper describes a presentation of the use of SJS and SEL with a short book and an activity to demonstrate how this may be done
Curricula for Meaningful Work through Listening in a Different Voice
Get PDFCurricula for meaningful work is becoming increasingly important in today’s societies and cultures. Despite the fact that most students desire meaningful work, there are few indications that curricular practices to facilitate meaningful work are being widely implemented at K-12 schools, colleges, and universities. This article illuminates the importance of implementing curricular practices that facilitate students to listen in a different voice—that is, to listen for vocational callings
\u27CULTURLA RUNING-IN TREND\u27 AND \u27WILD-RANGING MODERN\u27 CHINESE LITERATURE (BOOK REVIEW)
No full textLi Jikai (李继凯), “ ‘Cultural Runing-in Trend’ and ‘Wild-Ranging Modern’ Chinese literature” (“ ‘文化磨合思潮’与‘大现代’中国文学”), Social Science in Chinese Higher Education Institutions (中国高校社会科学), No. 5 (2017), pp. 147-154
WHAT ARE THE CULTURAL VALUES OF A CASE OF ASIAN HIGH-ACHIEVING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS?
Get PDFWe always want to improve education. We look to other countries and see that the people of Asian countries consistently perform well in school and honor knowledge and education. How can we improve education if we do not understand how the “best” students study and perform
ANIMAL LIBERATION FROM A GANDHIAN PERSPECTIV: POLITICAL AND SPIRITUAL FREEDOM IN THE PURUSHARTHAS
Get PDFIn this article, I develop a Gandhian perspective on animal liberation. Indeed, I argue, against Gandhi himself, the traditional Hindu theory of the purusharthas, or goals of life, applies to non-human as well as human animals. In this respect, I adapt Parel’s reading of Gandhi as reinterpreting the purusharthas through the philosophy of non-violence. In this reinterpretation, Gandhi, regards political freedom (swaraj) as the means to spiritual freedom (moksha). Gandhi is already an animal liberationist in the sense of advocating liberation for animals from violence and exploitation by humans. However, he does not also embrace the political turn in animal ethics, asserting that domesticated animals are co-citizens of the mixed polity. I further reinterpret the purusharthas through Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence to embrace this political turn. This combines three forms of liberation: negative freedom from exploitation, positive freedom to be a political participant, and freedom as spiritual growth and self-development. Not only does my argument provide a novel Gandhian perspective on animal liberation. It also challenges the political turn in animal ethics to embrace Gandhi’s notion of spiritual liberation as a goal of life for the mixed, interspecies polity