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Book Review: Bilinguals are not two monolinguals in one: Life as a Bilingual: Knowing and Using Two or More Languages
No full textKey tenets of bilingual education involve connectedness in the ability to collaborate with students and colleagues while establishing vital connection to families and communities. This book review examines Francois Grosjean’s Life as a bilingual: Knowing and using two or more languages (2021); a compilation of blogs published from 2010 to 2020. Written from a psycholinguistic perspective, the author effectively expands upon the Complementarity Principle which supports how bilinguals usually acquire and use their languages for different purposes, with different people, across the lifespan. Across fifteen chapters, this collection offers an assortment of topical and informative snippets fitting for any bilingual-curious audience: university professors, researchers, educational practitioners, students, community workers, and families
Increased Graduation Rates in Students Who Take One or More Experiential Learning Classes during Their Undergraduate Program of Study: The EXL Scholars Program at Middle Tennessee State University provides hands-on experiences, service learning, networking with professionals, and career exploration through real-world activities. The program is now institutionalized, and students who participate graduate at a significantly higher rate.
No full textA large American university in the southeastern United States has infused experiential learning into academic courses to create a national model that is both sustainable and replicable. The EXL Scholars Program has consistently shown growth and significant positive outcomes by providing students with opportunities for hands-on experiences in their fields of study, service learning opportunities, valuable networking with professionals, and an opportunity to explore career paths through real-world activities. Student learning assessments provide evidence that the EXL Scholars Program has a positive benefit for students and does enhance students’ learning experiences as stated in the program’s motto, EXL: Experience the Advantage. This article will explore how the program has been institutionalized and how students who participate in the Experiential Learning Scholars Program graduate at a significantly higher rate than those students who do not
One Man, Two Stories: The Differing Legacies of Rikidozan
Get PDFKim Sin-rak(November 14th, 1924- October 28th, 1963), better known as Rikidozan, is one of the most decorated professional wrestlers of all time. Born in the Northern part of Korea, he immigrated to Japan to become a sumo wrestler. Though he had some success in the world of sumo wrestling, his dispute with his stable master would lead to Rikidozan retiring from the sport to become a black marketeer and construction worker. His life would change after being recruited by American professional wrestler and promoter Bobby Bruns to come along on a wrestling tour of Japan. After this first tour was done, he left for the United States where his fame and popularity steadily grew. He was soon established as Japan\u27s biggest professional wrestling star, defeating the imposing American wrestlers through sheer strength, tenacity, and sumo-based chops. At the time of Rikidozan\u27s rise to superstardom, Japan was left reeling after surrendering to the United States in 1945. The Japanese people needed a hero, and Rikidozan became that hero. Millions of Japanese citizens crowded television screens in order to watch Rikidozan fight off American wrestlers, giving hope to a downtrodden nation. Rikidozan\u27s storied career would leave behind a major impact on Japan, becoming the first postwar hero who embraced Japanese ideals. His foundation of the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance in 1953 was the starting point for the establishment of puroresu, or Japanese pro wrestling. His JWA paved the way for companies like New Japan Pro Wrestling to become both a domestic and worldwide phenomenon. Japan was not the only country to have idolized Rikidozan as a national hero, however. Years after Rikidozan\u27s death, North Korea claimed Rikidozan as their own national hero. Though Rikidozan lived life as a Japanese star, he was born as Kim Sin-rak, an ethnic North Korean. North Korea published multiple pieces of state propaganda re-writing the narrative of Rikidozan\u27s career to fit the views of North Korea, to inspire their citizens to follow state teachings. Rikidozan was repackaged into a North Korean patriot who hated Japan and loved his home country, and had fought and dedicated his matches to the Supreme Leader Kim Il-sung. He did not simply defeat wrestlers, he had fought off almost mythical beings in American and Japanese wrestlers and became the symbol of strength and resillience in North Korea.This essay seeks to examine both of the differing stories told about Rikidozan\u27s career, and contextualize them with their respective time period. Rikidozan\u27s career in the Japanese telling is post-World War 2, while the North Korean telling lines up more accurately with the later half of the Cold War. Rikidozan\u27s career is examined with an understanding of the ins and outs of professional wrestling and historical context behind the concurrent events during Rikidozan\u27s career and the North Korean re-telling of that career
The Systematic Undoing of Pollution Solutions
Get PDFThe growing understanding of environmental cosnequences led to positive movements as an attempt to slow down and resolve the negative impacts. These movements drew in a lot of support and saw progress being made. This progress saw backlash as goveremnt policies were not too beneficial to some industries. The following decade saw the reversal of the positve changes and the negative impacts increased. 
Editorial Team
No full textThe Toro Historical Review Volume 14, Issue 2
Editorial and Production Team
Christopher Garcia
Alexander Gonzalez
Shaleyah Haywood
Issac Rivera
Montse Romero
Dr. Joshua J. Jeffers, faculty mento
Mis Orígenes No Me Limitan
Get PDFLys Huerta is a first-generation undergraduate student at Cal State LA. When she was growing up, she learned Spanish as a first language because her parents’ English was limited at the time. Throughout her elementary school years, Huerta’s ESL background seemed to mean that her English was not at the same level of her peers, making her feel less than adequate. Now as an adult, Huerta realizes that being bilingual has allowed her to help others both at work and in everyday life
Prioritizing Mental Health: Communicating with Attending Skills in our School
Get PDFStudents are struggling with mental health (e.g., stress, anxiety, depression) and educators cannot ignore how this impacts their teaching. Navigating interactions with students who are dealing with mental health challenges can be a difficult task for any teacher or school staff member. However, it is crucial to provide students with the support they need to manage their mental health in ways that promote academic achievement. Education communities must be proactive in helping students build strong supportive relationships in order to reach desired mental health outcomes. The purpose of this manuscript is to continue the conversation on the importance of establishing stronger mental health outcomes through the use of effective communication strategies (i.e., attending skills). Through effective communication a teacher can build stronger interpersonal relationships, which can help augment and support student mental health (Zheng et al., 2023). Attending skills such as observation, reflecting feelings, empathetic listening, and open-ended questions can help create space and opportunity for students to be heard and feel more affirmed in the classroom (Ivey et al., 2019). The article aims to cover these attending skills as a means to help educators develop stronger teacher-student relationships in the school environment
Long-Term Opinion Distributions of an Opinion Formation Model with Averaging Behavior
Get PDFSociophysics utilizes mathematical tools from physics to study social phenomena. In particular, interactions between individuals can impact emerging trends in the opinions of a population as a whole. This research focuses on the long-term opinion distributions of a population of individuals who can influence one another through pairwise interactions, where one individual modifies their opinion to be more in line with their neighbor. Interactions are governed by a social network, where friends on the network interact while strangers do not. We introduce a new model for opinion formation with averaging behavior where the opinion of an individual at any time t is an integer between −k and k. For example, an opinion of k could indicate a heavily republican opinion and −k a heavily democratic opinion. As the process evolves in time, interactions between neighbors x and y in the social network result in person x updating her opinion to be one step closer to the opinion of person y. We first consider the scenario where everyone in the social network is friends with everyone else. For k = 1 we compute explicitly the long-term opinion distribution via differential equations. For values of k > 1, we solve for the long-term distribution numerically using Runge-Kutta. We then compute the long-term opinion distribution via simulation, in the more general social network scenario
Citizenship, Civil Rights, and Jewish Emancipation in Revolutionary France
Get PDFThe emancipation of France\u27s Jewish communities at the National Assembly marked an unprecedented development in civil rights for religious minorities. This project focuses on the intersection of French and Jewish history in an effort to expand our understanding of the French Revolution\u27s long-lasting effects on Europe. It also provides context for the political and social framework of Revolutionary France as it pertains to civil rights and religious outlier groups, seeking to contrast the differing paths to citizenship taken by French Protestants and French Jews, identify the ideological influence of the Enlightenment on proponents of Jewish emancipation, and compare the lives of French Jews after emancipation to that of other concurrent Jewish enclaves in Europe