SUNY Geneseo KnightScholar (State University of New York)

Patterson, Alletta

The Unspoken Game

O’Hanlon, Grace

Porch Friendship

Curtis, Jenna

Moribund

Gamero, Giulyana

Hanabiko

Andrejova, Caitlin

Alex

Kozak, Buzz

Reservoir

40mg Omeprazole, Once Daily

Chittenden, Michaela

The American Dream

Curran, Jesse

Landscape at Cagnes“

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals change frog development which are vertebrates like humans. Giving up these chemicals is difficult because atrazine is an effective herbicide

Seidel, Devin

Sources:
Herbicide is spermicide:
Hayes, T. B., Collins, A., Lee, M., Mendoza , M., Noriega, N., Stuart, A. A., & Vonk, A. (2002, April 16).
Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically
relevant doses | pnas. PNAS. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.082121499 
Bergman, Å., Jerrold J. Heindel, J. J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K. A., & Zoeller, R. T. (Eds.). (2012, June 6). State
of the science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012. World Health Organization.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241505031 
The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDC,s)
on Amphibian Development and Sustainability
“Atrazine is the most commonly used
herbicide in the U.S. and probably the world. It
can be present at several parts per million in
agricultural runoff and can reach 40 parts per
billion (ppb) in precipitation.” (Hayes 2002) In
combination with Figure 1 and high
concentrations of runoff it is more than likely
that atrazine has adverse effects on fertility of
Xenopus laevis, as well as potential effects on
the fertility of other downstream species and
potential effects on humans who use these
sources for drinking water and/or as a food
source. Continued sustainable use of this
herbicide has a variety of costs and benefits
associated which have to be weighed in order
to decide whether to continue atrazine’s use
Pros: Cons:
Social Effects: EDC,s can disrupt
hormonal systems in humans, leading to
health issues such as infertility,
developmental malformations, and
increased risk of reproductive cancers.
Economic Effects: agricultural
productivity as Atrazine is one of the
most widely used herbicides globally,
contributing to increased agricultural
yields by controlling weed growth. 
Social Effects: Enhanced Food Security
as  the use of atrazine contributes to
improved food availability and security
in the United states, Canada and
Australia  
Environmental effects: effective weed
control as Atrazine's efficacy in
controlling a broad spectrum of weeds
supports its widespread use in
agriculture, aiding in land
management and crop production. 
Economic Effects:  Environmental Costs
of remediation of bodies of water
contaminated with atrazine as efforts to
restore ecosystems and ensure safe
drinking water are costly
Environmental Effects: amphibian
Developmental Disruption where Hayes
et al. (2002) found that “Male X. laevis
suffered a 10-fold decrease in
testosterone levels when exposed to 25
ppb atrazine”. This likely could be a factor
in global amphibian declines.
Figure 1.  testosterone levels after treatment
every 3 days with 25 ppb atrazine


English

The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDC,s) on Amphibian Development and Sustainability

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