Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Rights Of The Patient - Responsibilities Of The Medical Specialists
Get PDFIntroduction: Medical professionals have an important contribution to improving health and an increasing responsibility in making professional decisions and adhering to standards of professional conduct. This requires good knowledge and compliance with ethical rules and legal norms regarding patients' rights.Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the responsibilities of medical professionals in relation to patients' rights in the provision of health care.Material and methods: An analysis of literary sources and documentary method is applied. An analysis of the ethical and legal norms regulating the rights of patients has been made and the responsibilities of medical professionals in the provision of health care have been outlined. The study was conducted in the period September - October 2023.Results and discussion: The rights of the patient, considered in a more general aspect, represent unity and interaction of regulated legal norms, ethical and deontological principles. The analysis of examples from the practice of the USA and the Republic of Bulgaria proves that if medical specialists do not fulfill their professional duties, this can cause serious damage to the patient and his family and lead to the medical specialist being held legally liable.Conclusion: Respecting patients' rights is not only a legal obligation and a moral duty - it is a cause to which all medical professionals are dedicated and serve. Having dedicated their lives to the health of people, they continuously prove with their work, dedication and responsibility that they serve their patients and protect their right to timely, affordable and quality health care
The Importance Of The Who Code In Midwifery Practice
Get PDFBreastfeeding is the norm for the human child and it is especially important that healthcare professionals make every effort to promote breastfeeding and provide modern midwifery care. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes has made a significant contribution to the encouragement of breastfeeding. The set of measures to protect parents with the emphasis on good practices in breastfeeding should be corrective and a starting point for health professionals. This is especially important for midwives, as their care covers the breastfeeding needs of parents prenatally, perinatally and postnatally. Compliance with the WHO Code by midwives ensures a professional approach and optimal outcomes for mothers and babies. The midwife's role in influencing the mother`s decision making is essential and the health professional is an opinion leader for inexperienced parents who can easily be swayed by unethical practices and marketing breaching the Code
The vibrotactile feedback and its utilization in vestibular rehabilitation in patients with Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring syndrome
Get PDFBackgroundBilateral vestibular loss (BVL) is one of the vestibular deficiencies which severely reduce the quality of life of patients affected. The input of the somatosensory system can be significantly improved by the utilization of the vibrotactile feedback. The Syndrome of Obstructive sleep apnea and snoring (SOSAS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed sleep diseases of the 21st century, which contributes to reducing the sleep quantity and quality, thus reducing the quality of life of patients affected.The aim of the following article is to share first experience in utilizing the vibrotactile BalanceBelt in the initial vestibular rehabilitation of patients with vestibular deficiencies, who have visited the University medical and dental center, Medical University „Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov” – Varna.MethodsA total of 25 patients with vestibular defficiencies alone and symptoms of a possible sleep disorder, aged between 40 and 78, in the period 08.2024-01.2025, were included in the pilot study. All patients were examined by a specialist in otorhinolaryngology and sleep medicine and a physician in dental medicine. All participants had their sleep examined with a polygraphic study and their balance and vestibular capacities tested on a stabilometric platform. All signed written informed consent forms and completed sleep questionnaires, general diseases, present allergies and medications intake forms. The study received approval from Medical University – Varna Ethic committee (№99/14.01.2021).Results and discussionThe clear male predisposition to moderate and severe forms of SOSAS is reconfirmed. Balance control was more affected in male patients with moderate and severe forms of OSA, assessing the position of the Center of Gravity on the stabilometry executed. All SOSAS patients received a 10-day course with the BalanceBelt and after it had their balance re-assessed on the stabilometmric platform. Results clearly showed an alleviation of the reduced balance maintaining capabilities in patients with SOSAS. Likewise the group of SOSAS patients, all vestibular patients received a 10-day course with the BalanceBelt. A clear alleviation of the vestibular symptomatology was shown.ConclusionsAuthors conclude that regular usage of the BalanceBelt for a month can substantially improve the vestibular defficiencies symptoms of patients with BPPV, dizziness and the vestibular comorbidity associated with SOSAS
Certificate of Suitability of a Medicinal Product: Active Substance Master File
Get PDFAim: To analyze and present the current regulatory requirements for the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in medicinal products.Materials and Methods: We performed a document analysis and content analysis of the current requirements for the medicinal product dossier in the section on the quality of active substances issued by the EMA, the "Guideline on Active Substance Master File Procedure (ASMF)," the FDA, and the guidance on the Certificate of Suitability of a Medicinal Product (CEP) from the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare (EDQM).Results and Discussion: The CEP is a certificate issued by the EDQM confirming that active substances are manufactured in accordance with European Pharmacopoeia monographs and that, if the monographs are strictly applied, the substance is suitable for use in medicinal products. The ASMF is an ancillary document for the marketing authorization of a medicinal product certifying its purity and quality. It consists of complete information on the active pharmaceutical ingredient or finished dosage form. It includes details of the chemical properties of the medicinal product, manufacturing process, purity, impurities, packaging, and stability. The information in the ASMF is confidential and shall only be made available to the Competent Authorities.Conclusion: The use of ASMF and CEP ensures that qualitative, safe, and efficacious medicinal products, free from impurities and contaminants, are placed on the market. The preparation of an ASMF is a specialized pharmaceutical skill that requires extensive scientific practical training and competence on the part of the Master of Pharmacy
Professional Perspectives Among Nursing Students
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a serious problem in the field of health care related to the shortage of health professionals. This is a problem of global scale, which also exists in our country. According to official data from the National Statistical Institute, the number of working nurses in Bulgaria in 2023 is 28,570 and the number of practicing doctors is 29,911, which shows that if a normal ratio of 2 to 1 is to be reached, at least another 30,000 nurses are needed in the system. According to data for the same year, the educational system trains about 540 nurses per year, and 890 leave the health system for various reasons, which further highlights the problem of turnover of health personnel. In addition to the downward trend in the number of nurse practitioners, there is also an increase in the average annual age of workers, as in 2023 in Bulgaria more than a third of those working in the system are of retirement age, a third are of pre-retirement age - over 58 years old, and the rest are of active working age. The presented problems are indicators of an outflow from the profession of "Nurse" and mark the need to expand professional prospects, as well as the development of mechanisms for promoting the specialty, respectively. profession among society and the labor market. The purpose of this study is to study the attitude of students studying in the specialty "Nursing" to professional prospects in the field of health care. Future health professionals have a key role in the continuity and development of nursing, which makes their opinion on professional prospects for realization of particular importance not only for healthcare but also for the nursing profession. The presented data show that the trend is changing in a positive direction, as the majority of future bachelors are motivated to realize and develop in the field of health care in our country
Use And Benefits Of Alpha-Hydroxy Acids
Get PDFMany patients have skin problems related to the production of an excessive amount of sebum. Various factors can cause this, such as ultraviolet rays, genetic predisposition, stress, hormonal imbalance, etc.It is particularly important to determine the type of skin in order to take the best possible care of it. Every skin type is different and undergoes changes over time.Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are of great interest today. They are a group of plant and animal products widely used in cosmetics.This article aims to summarize literature data on the effects of AHAs in photoaging skin.To achieve this goal, a literature review method was used. The reviewed literature sources were selected from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.AHAs act delicately and gently, removing the upper layers of the skin in a non-invasive way, where dead skin cells and impurities accumulate. Then they penetrate downward and build a natural protective barrier on the lower layers of the skin, which strengthens its resistance to various external influences. As a result, the skin becomes clean and smooth, with a softened relief and increased absorption.AHAs are used for various skin problems, such as wrinkles, acne, dark spots, problem skin, and imperfections. They are used in combination with other active ingredients in cosmetics, in the composition of daily anti-aging products such as serums, toners, and creams, and in various preparations for chemical peeling
Supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxillary region in mixed dentition: Surgical treatment of three cases
Get PDFIntroduction: Supernumerary teeth are among the problems associated more and more often with children and not only such suffering from various syndromes. They represent an abnormality in the number of teeth and are very often incidentally detected in imaging tests, which increases the need for screening and increased attention by dental practitioners.Aim: The aim is to demonstrate the multidisciplinary approach, diagnostics, and surgical treatment of 3 cases of non-syndrome-associated supernumerary teeth in mixed dentition.Materials and Methods: Three children with suspected supernumerary teeth referred by orthodontists and general dentists were examined. They were assigned additional CBCT imaging tests to determine the exact location, number of the supernumerary teeth and their relation to anatomical structures. In all three cases, a decision was made to extract the supernumerary teeth, which were a cause of various complications.Conclusion: Supernumerary teeth require collaboration between different specialists—orthodontists, pediatricians, pediatric dentists, and oral surgeons, in order to establish the correct diagnosis and have early detection. The treatment must be discussed, evaluated carefully, and carried out in a timely manner
Dental hyperesthesia in patients with bulimia nervosa
Get PDFEating disorders such as bulimia nervosa (BN) are becoming increasingly common among adolescents and adults. A characteristic of BN patients is an uncontrollable urge to consume large amounts of food, regardless of appetite, followed by episodes of purging through self-induced vomiting. Dental hyperesthesia, combined with demineralization and erosion of the enamel and dentin, is among the most common oral symptoms resulting from the disorder
Health risk management for operating room workers when using electrical equipment
Get PDFIntroduction: During the use of electrosurgical instruments, as a result of the thermal destruction of tissues, aerosols with different contents are released in the working environment.Aim: The aim of the literature review is to investigate the characteristics of surgical smoke from the use of electrocoagulators and electrocutters, and to analyze good practices in the prevention of health risks from its exposure.Main Part: The most widely spread toxic agents in electrocautery smoke are hydrocarbons, nitriles, fatty acids, and phenols. The levels of volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide in the breathing zone of professionals using the equipment are well below the permissible exposure limits. Despite conflicting results on possible airborne transmission of viruses with surgical smoke, only human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission remains proven. There is insufficient evidence for the potential transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis, which we currently consider to be a negligible risk. Possible preventive programs include technical measures to reduce exposure through general and local ventilation, organizational measures to limit time in the environment, medical prophylaxis and personal protective equipment.Conclusion: The content of surgical smoke when using electrocoagulation and laser equipment creates chemical, physicochemical, and biological risks for the health of surgical teams. Prevention practices that have proven to be effective include the use of personal protective equipment and general ventilation with a local smoke evacuation system. Smoke evacuation systems or suction devices must be located less than 5 cm from the source of the smoke to avoid exceeding the limit concentrations of toxic agents in the breathing zone of the equipment operators