Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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100th anniversary of prominent figures in social medicine - Prof. Alexy Stefanov Valchev
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The place of vacuum therapy in the treatment of subcutaneous emphysema
Get PDF Introduction: Subcutaneous emphysema is a clinical condition, a very common complication of mediastinal emphysema, which can occur as a result of blunt or penetrating trauma, pneumothorax, surgical interventions, or spontaneously. In rare cases, it progresses rapidly and can lead to disruption of normal ventilation and blood supply to the neck and head.Aim: The aim of this article is to present the experience of the clinic in the treatment of massive subcutaneous emphysema through the application of vacuum therapy.Materials and Methods: For the period from January 2022–October 2023, in the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, vacuum therapy was applied in the treatment of 25 patients with pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. Of these, 22 were men and 3 were women, aged 18 to 71 years (average age 58 years). In 8 (32%) of the patients, the subcutaneous emphysema was caused by iatrogenic pneumothorax, in 5 (20%)—by traumatic pneumothorax, in 10 (40%)—by spontaneous pneumothorax, in 1 (4%)—by secondary pneumothorax in verified lung carcinoma, and in 1 (4%)—by secondary pneumothorax in asthma attack. In all, the Renasys Ez Max vacuum dressing device was used.Results: Vacuum therapy was applied for 1.5 days (0–3 days) on average, after drainage of the pleural cavity in the presence of clinical data for grade V subcutaneous emphysema or a progressing one, not amenable to treatment with a pleural drain. In all patients, a significant reduction of subcutaneous emphysema was clinically observed within the first 24 hours. Complete evacuation of air occurred on the 5th day (4–6 days) on average. The application of vacuum therapy lasted an average of 7 days. The machine was removed after radiographic confirmation of no leakage. No recurrence of subcutaneous emphysema and complications related to vacuum therapy were observed.Conclusion: Vacuum therapy cannot replace pleural drainage, but its accessibility, ease of application, and rapid effec
Dysfunction of the Eustachian tube – types of dysfunction, diagnostic algorithms, and disease evaluation
Get PDFThe dysfunction of the eustachian tube is a global problem that affects 1–5% of the adult population. The disease has several forms and many related conditions that can cause one form or another. Currently, there are no globally accepted diagnostic algorithms. In this medical paper, we want to shed some light on the different forms of this disease, some common symptoms, and some diagnostic pointers
Non-market failures in higher education (the case of Bulgaria)
Get PDFThe extent to which the market and government determine the direction, allocation, and use of resources in the economy is a major object of economic choice. This is part of the fundamental debate in economic theory – state or market. The lack of a clear answer is dictated by the debatable nature of the problem, by the absence of an unambiguously correct solution.The presented article is an attempt at a theoretical analysis of externalities in the higher education sector, which is also its object. The author's thesis is that in this sector in Bulgaria the failures of the state are predominant over the failures of the market. Its partial withdrawal will have a positive long-term effect on both the sector and the economy as a whole. After highlighting the non-market failures in the field of higher education in Bulgaria, specific recommendations and opportunities for overcoming them were made
Artificial intelligence in Customs
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) is getting to be an inevitable part of processes and activities in various fields. Customs control is becoming more extensive as a result of globalizing international trade. The new reality defines the implementation of AI as a priority factor for effectiveness in control activities, including customs. In this regard, how AI is applied in customs determines the relevance and interest of the study. The aim of this research is to present the role, application and challenges of AI in the activities of customs. In the study have been used the descriptive - analytical approach, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis
Transforming maritime operations with unmanned aerial vehicles: current state and future potential
Get PDFThe advent of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has brought about a revolutionary transformation in the maritime sector, with their integration into a multitude of applications that have the potential to enhance efficiency, safety, and security. This paper examines the functions of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in various operational contexts, including surveillance, environmental monitoring, port security, emergency response, and logistics. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide real-time data for monitoring maritime traffic and detecting illicit activities, as well as facilitating rapid assessments and search and rescue operations during crises. In port operations, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are utilized for infrastructure monitoring and inventory management. Nevertheless, factors such as technological limitations, security concerns, and regulatory constraints have the potential to impede the adoption of these systems. Furthermore, the degree of resistance within organizations and the prevailing public perceptions exert a significant influence on the implementation of these technologies. This paper assesses the current status and future potential of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in maritime settings. It highlights the necessity for collaboration among industry stakeholders, regulatory authorities, and technology developers to address the challenges associated with the integration of UAVs in this domain. Notwithstanding these impediments, the benefits of UAVs in the maritime industry are significant
Prevalence of measles IgG antibodies in candidates for military service
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Measles is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease. The main strategy for the prevention and control of highly contagious viral infections that pose epidemic risk is vaccine prophylaxis. Mass immunization with two doses of vaccine has achieved a sustained reduction in measles incidence.AIM: This report presents the results from a survey of 120 healthy individuals that was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of specific anti-measles IgG antibodies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples of 120 candidates for military service (87 men and 33 women) with a median of age of 21 years (18–42 years; birth cohorts 1981–2006) were tested at the Laboratory of Virology, Military Medical Academy (Sofia) in April 2022. Quantitative analysis of anti-measles IgG (AU/mL) was performed via chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) on a DiaSorin Liaison® automated analyzer. Samples with values ≥ 16.5 AU/mL were scored as positive.RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG in the study population was 86.7%. Тhere was no statistically significant difference between the sexes (87.2% in males vs. 85.3% in females, p = 0.772). In 76 males and 28 females, the levels of anti-measles IgG ranged from 16.5 to > 300 AU/mL. The seronegative individuals were 12.8% and 14.7% among men and women, respectively.CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that there were susceptible individuals among the candidates for military service of both sexes. The susceptible individuals had no detectable levels of protective anti-measles IgG. Successful epidemiological surveillance of measles is directly dependent on high vaccine coverage. Efficient herd immunity can be obtained when the vaccine coverage exceeds 95%.
Factors that affect abutment screw loosening and microleakage on dental implant-abutment system after cyclic loading. A review
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Mechanical complications of the implant-abutment system include screw loosening, micromovements, fracture of the maintaining screw, abutment, suprastructure, or implant. Screw loosening is the most common of them, leading to a micro-gap which is contaminated with microorganisms. Thus, biological complications, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, occur.AIM: The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the factors that influence screw loosening and microleakage between the implant and the abutment after cyclic loading.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review papers and case reports from the Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were used for the purpose of this review. The bibliography of the selected articles was additionally analyzed.RESULTS: The influence of the main factors on the screw loosening and microleakage between the implant and the abutment after cyclic loading was analyzed in light of the significance of each factor. The contradictory results were found concerning in terms of the influence of the collar length and the abutment angulation on the screw's loosening. On the one hand, screw loosening increases with increasing the collar length and angulation degree. On the other, some researchers claim that there is no relationship between the collar length, abutment angulation, and screw loosening after cyclic loading. In regard to the implant-abutment connection design, it was found that the internal and external hexagon connections are less resistant to screw loosening and microleakage than Morse tapper implants. The interior hexagon connection showed better torque maintenance than the external hexagon connection. The last two factors—implant diameter and screw length had no strong influence on the screw loosening after cyclic loading.CONCLUSION: It was found that the main factors affecting the screw loosening and microleakage between the implant and the abutment after cyclic loading were angulation and collar length of the abutment, implant-abutment connection design, implant diameter, and screw length