Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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The Role of an Interdisciplinary Approach in the Presence of Multiple Tooth Decay and Mouth Breathing: A Case Report
Get PDFToday, the overall distribution and severity of tooth decay among children are increasing at considerable rates. In addition to the main etiological factors, orthodontic status and harmful habits also impact caries risk levels. Mouth breathing, related to open bite, significantly enhances the predisposition of teeth to the initiation and progression of caries and periodontal disorders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate oral health status under conditions of mouth breathing, focusing on the role of an interdisciplinary healthcare approach.A 9-year-old female with a history of diagnosed adenoid hypertrophy, staying and sleeping predominantly with an open mouth, was examined. The assessment of oral health status was based on epidemiological indices of caries, as well as conventional clinical indicators such as PLI, GI, PBI, and criteria for evaluating deviations from orthognathic occlusion. Caries risk levels were also assessed using a questionnaire.A caries-non-resistant mixed dentition with a considerable number of active non-cavitated, cavitated, and complicated carious lesions was identified. The patient was diagnosed with generalized moderate plaque-induced gingivitis. Anamnestic data indicated uncontrolled sugar intake, unsatisfactory oral hygiene, and irregular dental visits, corresponding to a definitively high caries risk.The common health condition of adenoid hypertrophy necessitates consultation with a specialist in otorhinolaryngology. The associated symptom of mouth breathing requires collaboration with an orthodontist to improve oral health status and, consequently, the quality of life
The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in nephrology: modern approaches and clinical applications in the assessment of renal function and pathology
Get PDFContrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a key tool in the evaluation of diverse renal pathologies due to its ability to visualize microvascular blood flow in real time without compromising renal function. CEUS enables dynamic assessment and precise quantification of microvascularization, extending to capillary-level perfusion. This article aims to succinctly review the fundamental physical properties of ultrasound (US) contrast agents, explore the technical aspects of CEUS imaging specific to the kidneys, and analyze the most common renal indications for CEUS. Additionally, imaging comparisons with baseline unenhanced US and, where applicable, computed tomography (CT) are provided
Digital horizons in type 1 diabetes care: Evaluating the impact of mobile health technologies
Get PDFIntroduction: Managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) amidst a global epidemic is challenging and necessitates the introduction of digital health technologies as promising tools for revolutionizing T1D outcomes. Digital health technologies, such as mobile applications and gamified solutions, are innovative tools poised to transform T1D management by enhancing glycemic control and empowering patients with real-time data and personalized strategies.Aim: The aim of the article is to critically examine the current state of digital applications in the management of T1D, evaluating their impact on health outcomes, challenges in adoption and implementation, and identifying areas for future research.Materials and Methods: The methodology involves a comprehensive search across major databases for literature on digital applications in T1D management, employing specific keywords to ensure a broad spectrum of digital interventions is covered. The selection criteria for studies focus on those published within a specified timeframe and directly related to T1D management outcomes.Results: Findings highlight the diverse impacts of digital applications on T1D care, noting improvements in patient engagement and monitoring. The results also underscore the current challenges in digital health integration, including the need for robust, long-term studies to establish efficacy and address the regulatory landscape.Conclusion: The article concludes by emphasizing the immense potential of digital applications to alleviate the daily management burdens of T1D, calling for continued research, standardization of outcomes, and regulatory collaboration to fully realize the benefits of digital health technologies in diabetes care
Application of essential oils as natural preservatives in cheesemaking
Get PDFIntroduction Cheese occupies an important place among dairy products and has been present in the diet of people since ancient times. The production of cheese allows one to concentrate the most valuable ingredients of milk—proteins and fats. From the concentrate, durable products with proven taste qualities and a healthy effect are obtained. Cheeses are products that are easily susceptible to contamination with microorganisms, leading to their spoilage. This fact is the reason for the withdrawal of large amounts of finished products from the market and, above all, a high risk to the health of consumers. Although cheeses have a relatively long shelf life, effective preservation techniques must be used before the products are commercialized. The costs of preservative procedures to prevent or control the surface growth of molds and yeasts in cheese are high. These procedures aim to decrease and inhibit spoilage microorganisms without interfering with the lactic bacteria responsible for the final characteristics of the cheese.AimТhis article aimed to summarize the antimicrobial potential effects of essential oils, obtained from different plant sources, that are used in various types of cheese as natural preservatives.Materials and MethodsData on essential oils used as natural preservatives have been gathered from various scientific publications found through academic search engines, such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and others. Additionally, supplementary sources have been used, including online resources and books from scientific libraries.ResultsEssential oils obtained from medicinal plants, herbs, and spices are natural biologically active mixtures. Many of them have a special place in cooking, medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, and perfumery. The food industry’s growth drives the demand for products with high organoleptic qualities. Essential oils, rich in active ingredients like terpenoids, terpenes, coumarins, and flavonoids, show antimicrobial and preservative properties valuable to the industry.ConclusionEssential oils are natural products that have the potential to be a green alternative to synthetic preservatives. Their effects are observed at low concentrations; they are not toxic to humans, and are considered safe in canning
Structured transitions to adult health care and the concept of transition readiness
Get PDFThe transition period between adolescence and adulthood is crucial for ensuring long-term health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. Key principles of a successful transition include early preparation, effective coordination between medical professionals and patients, and adequate patient readiness. Several challenges, such as lack of follow-up, insufficient patient knowledge and skills, and organizational barriers within the healthcare system, are identified. A significant factor is the variability among different diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and rare endocrine pathologies. Additionally, cultural and socio-economic factors play a critical role in shaping the transition process.An essential aspect of the transition process is the definition and measurement of transition readiness. The variety of tools developed for this purpose underscores its complexity and the difficulties associated with evaluating this multifaceted concept. Early planning, a multidisciplinary approach, and individualized interventions are vital for improving transition outcomes.Organized transitions to adult care remain a challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Detailed research and structured planning are critical to their success, and endocrine diseases are no exception to this rule
Awareness of Elderly People Regarding the Importance of Thalassotherapy for Strengthening and Restoring Health
Get PDFIntroduction: Thalassotherapy is a popular alternative method for treatment and prevention. Known since ancient times, it remains significant even today. Using the healing properties of the sea, thalassotherapy strengthens and restores health across all age groups.Aim: The objective is to investigate the awareness of elderly people regarding the importance of thalassotherapy for strengthening and restoring health.Materials and Methods: An analysis of literary sources and a survey method were applied. The opinions of 85 respondents were studied in May 2024 through a direct, individual, anonymous survey. Graphical analysis was used to visualize the observed processes and phenomena, with Microsoft Office utilized for creating graphics.Results and Discussion: More than half of the elderly respondents reported having musculoskeletal diseases, while the rest cited respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Two-thirds of the respondents were aware of the calming effect of the sound of the sea on the nervous system and the beneficial effects of seawater on the respiratory system. The majority of respondents acknowledged the mineral content of seawater, which positively impacts the bone-joint system.Conclusion: Thalassotherapy plays a vital role in strengthening and restoring the health of elderly individuals. The multiple positive effects of the sea should be promoted and utilized to enhance the bio-psychosocial well-being and improve the quality of life of older people
Potential Application of Essential Oils as A Preservative in the Storage and Production of White Brine Cheese
Get PDFThe growing demand for food products without artificial preservatives has compelled the food industry to use preservatives of herbal and antimicrobial origin in the production and storage of brined cheeses. Essential oils are volatile, natural plant substances used in medicine, flavoring, and food preservation. These diverse compounds exhibit significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities through various mechanisms.Materials and Methods: This study encompasses a systematic review of literature data from electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and others using computer software. Keywords in the study include "essential oils," "natural preservatives," "brine cheese," and related terms
Photosensitivity and Photodermatoses: Modern Concepts of Photoprotection for the Skin
Get PDFPhotosensitivity of the skin refers to an excessive reaction to sunlight, which can manifest through various skin conditions known as photodermatoses. These conditions include both genetically predisposed diseases and acquired reactions to ultraviolet (UV) rays. With the expansion of the ozone hole and changes in climate conditions, sun protection has become an increasingly important aspect of skin care. Modern concepts of sun protection include not only the use of physical and chemical sunscreens but also innovative technologies that combine antioxidants, DNA protection, and repair. This article discusses the primary causes of photosensitivity, the different types of photodermatoses, and the latest advancements in sun protection aimed at minimizing skin damage
Challenges in the daily practice with incretin-based therapy
Get PDFThe impaired function of beta cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with reduced action and secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, specifically the incretins – glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). These hormones stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion, reduce appetite, and delay gastric emptying, all of which lead to improved glycemic control, weight reduction, a lower risk of cardiovascular events, and decreased progression of kidney disease, as well as reduced cardiovascular and kidney-related mortality in T2DM patients. The absence of the incretin effect contributes to obesity and impaired glucose control, predominantly due to increased postprandial blood glucose levels. Incretin-based therapy, particularly the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and combined GLP-1 and GIP RAs, is one of the most effective treatment options for patients with T2DM.It is essential to individualize the approach for each patient, considering medication tolerance, comorbidities, and the appropriate administration or intake of drugs. Despite their benefits, incretin-based therapies present certain challenges. Side effects such as nausea and gastric discomfort are common, and there are difficulties regarding adherence to therapy. Combined antidiabetic medications (two drugs in one pen or tablet) offer better glycemic control and adherence but require careful dosing based on side effects and the individual needs of the patient.Another significant issue is the high cost, limited availability in many countries, and the specific requirements of different healthcare systems for initiating incretin-based therapies. Appropriate patient education and regular follow-ups by medical specialists are crucial for achieving optimal glycemic control and body weight reduction, ultimately improving the quality and length of life for patients with T2DM
Speech Therapist`s Role in Assisting Patients with Multiple Sclerosis as Part of a Multidisciplinary Team
Get PDFAim: The aim of this study is to investigate the need for a speech therapist in planning long-term care, managing symptoms, and addressing disabilities in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Varna and involved questions about the need for additional services and speech therapy. The survey was conducted through home visits, phone calls, and patient meetings with an MS specialist nurse. Sixty-two patients diagnosed with MS with varying degrees of disability were surveyed, and the studied parameters were analyzed. Results: The study found that 27 respondents (44%) had speech disorders, with 41% of them experiencing these disorders for more than a year. The types of disorders are diverse, with 44% of respondents describing their speech as unclear and incomprehensible to others, and 37% describing it as clear and understandable but reporting difficulty finding the right words during communication. 84% of all surveyed patients would seek consultation with a speech therapist. Contemporary research on MS increasingly considers language disorders one of the clinical manifestations of the disease.Conclusion The study results unequivocally demonstrate the need for speech therapy, necessitating the inclusion of a speech therapist in the multidisciplinary team for planning long-term care and managing the disease in patients diagnosed with MS.Analyzing speech and language disorders can provide additional insights into markers associated with disease progression in MS patients, emphasizing the need for a speech therapist at various disease stages and in planning individualized comprehensive rehabilitation programs