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Abstracts from the Annual Scientifi c Conference of the Bulgarian Society of Ophthalmology - Oct. 3-6, 2024, Burgas
No full textDecompression as a treatment method of jaw cysts: a review article
Get PDFThe article focuses on decompression as a conservative approach to treating jawbone cysts. A cyst is a pathological cavity lined with epithelium, covered externally by a connective tissue capsule, and filled with fluid, semi-fluid, or semi-solid contents. Decompression involves creating a small opening in the cyst cavity, allowing for the reduction of intracystic pressure through drainage and irrigation with antiseptic solutions, leading to a gradual reduction in volume. This study is based on the latest research examining the topic of jaw cyst decompression. It analyzes factors such as age, gender, initial size, and type of lesion that affect treatment success. Decompression demonstrates several advantages over conventional surgical methods, such as cystectomy. Its minimal invasiveness reduces the risk of recurrence, pathological fractures, or damage to adjacent structures, and helps preserve the vitality of teeth in the lesion area. However, the method also has some drawbacks, including prolonged treatment time, the need for patient cooperation during treatment, and potential discomfort caused by drainage devices. Despite these issues, decompression is a promising method for the initial treatment of jaw cysts and can be combined with other therapeutic approaches for optimal results.The article focuses on decompression as a conservative approach to treating jawbone cysts. A cyst is a pathological cavity lined with epithelium, covered externally by a connective tissue capsule, and filled with fluid, semi-fluid, or semi-solid contents. Decompression involves creating a small opening in the cyst cavity, allowing for the reduction of intracystic pressure through drainage and irrigation with antiseptic solutions, leading to a gradual reduction in volume. This study is based on the latest research examining the topic of jaw cyst decompression. It analyzes factors such as age, gender, initial size, and type of lesion that affect treatment success. Decompression demonstrates several advantages over conventional surgical methods, such as cystectomy. Its minimal invasiveness reduces the risk of recurrence, pathological fractures, or damage to adjacent structures, and helps preserve the vitality of teeth in the lesion area. However, the method also has some drawbacks, including prolonged treatment time, the need for patient cooperation during treatment, and potential discomfort caused by drainage devices. Despite these issues, decompression is a promising method for the initial treatment of jaw cysts and can be combined with other therapeutic approaches for optimal results
Neuromonitoring during anesthesia in spinal neurosurgery: significance and application—a review
Get PDFNeuromonitoring, or intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), is a key component of modern neurosurgery, particularly in spine surgery. This technique enables continuous monitoring of nerve and spinal cord function during surgical interventions. The primary goal of neuromonitoring is to prevent damage to the nervous system and improve postoperative outcomes (1, 2). Anesthesia during such operations plays a critical role, as the appropriate choice of anesthetic agents and techniques can impact both neuromonitoring effectiveness and patient safety (3)
Main approaches for systemic treatment of unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma
Get PDFThe treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma continues to pose a significant challenge for clinicians. This review aims to present the latest advancements in the treatment of unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, while also considering the details of medication types and dosages in conjunction with tumor histology subtypes. A series of exogenous risk factors directly correlated with the appearance of malignant mesothelioma are reviewed, along with the histological subtypes and the staging system. The systemic treatment during the first line of therapy, subsequent lines of treatment, current immunotherapy options, and health technologies in clinical trials are described in detail. It has been found that for patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma who are not candidates for resection, the initial treatment approach depends on the tumor histology. For those with nonepithelioid histology, first-line treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab is considered. For patients with the epithelioid histology type, combined chemotherapy with pemetrexed and a platinum agent, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated instead of nivolumab and ipilimumab. However, nivolumab and ipilimumab represent a reasonable alternative, particularly for patients likely to tolerate the chemotherapy regimen poorly
CT Assessment of Diagnostic Findings in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Get PDFThis article evaluates the role of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis. RFA has emerged as a favored therapeutic approach due to its low recurrence rates and applicability in patients unfit for surgical resection. The case report details a patient with a 30 mm lesion, which was effectively treated with RFA under ultrasound guidance, resulting in a significant reduction in size and absence of complications at six-month follow-up. The findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment approaches, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the use of advanced imaging techniques in monitoring therapeutic outcomes
Lead in human teeth
Get PDFLead (Pb) is a heavy metal distributed in the environment linked to a number of adverse biological effects. The teeth of all humans contain certain amounts of lead.Teeth with elevated levels of lead are usually affected by dental caries and periodontal problems. The highest amount of this metal is located on the tooth surfaces and decreases rapidly with the increase in depth. The highest Pb levels are observed on the palatal surface next to the gums. The lowest values are established on the vestibular side near the cutting edge of the tooth. The concentration of Pb is higher in the tips of the unerupted roots of the deciduous teeth. During the physiological process of resorption of the roots of deciduous teeth, the periapical area may be saturated with this heavy metal.Lead in saliva leads to an imbalance in the oral microbial colonisation. Higher numbers of Salivalis lactobacilli and Mutans streptococci colonies in saliva correspond to elevated levels of Pb in teeth.As age increases, so does the amount of the metal in the teeth, especially over the age of 51. The amount of Pb in the dentin can help determine the age in forensic medicine. There is a clear increase in Pb concentrations in the presence of amalgam obturations and in smokers.Hard dental tissues are valuable for the study of environmental Pb contamination. Isotopic data of Pb in the dentin provide useful information to identify native or foreign status and assess the geographic place of origin of unidentified human remains
The correlation between periodontology and pregnancy
Get PDFPregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, characterized by increased plasma levels of sex hormones (estradiol, estriol, and progesterone). The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease intensify during pregnancy, making pregnant women particularly vulnerable to developing periodontal problems.It is now clear that periodontal disease can cause adverse consequences for both the pregnant woman and the baby. Both of these possibilities are serious topics for current and future research, as pregnant women are considered an important and susceptible population regarding their periodontal status.At this stage, the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy is relatively poorly documented due to conflicting evidence. This article aims to summarize the recent evidence for this correlation.Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, characterized by increased plasma levels of sex hormones (estradiol, estriol, and progesterone). The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease intensify during pregnancy, making pregnant women particularly vulnerable to developing periodontal problems.It is now clear that periodontal disease can cause adverse consequences for both the pregnant woman and the baby. Both of these possibilities are serious topics for current and future research, as pregnant women are considered an important and susceptible population regarding their periodontal status.At this stage, the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy is relatively poorly documented due to conflicting evidence. This article aims to summarize the recent evidence for this correlation
Hardening procedures in children aged 0 to 3 Years
Get PDFHardening procedures are a significant part of physioprophylaxis. They are essentially training aimed at increasing the resistance of a child's organism to weather factors (such as temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and facilitating gradual adaptation to them. The means of physioprophylaxis are mainly natural: sun, air, water, movement, and nutrition. The purpose of this study is to research and analyze the awareness and attitude of parents regarding the application of hardening procedures to infants and children between 0 and 3 years old.Materials and Methods: A survey was individually conducted among parents (n = 110) of children aged 0 to 3 in April 2023 using a questionnaire. The analysis methods were documentary, statistical comparative, and graphical.Results and Discussion: A large proportion of parents are likely to apply hardening procedures to their child (82.7%). More than half of the participants want to be informed about hardening procedures by medical professionals (60%) or scientific publications (62.7%).Conclusion: Hardening procedures have a direct correlation with child health, making children more resistant and strong enough against the adverse effects of the environment. Each child has different needs; therefore, medical practitioners should possess sufficient knowledge and skills to determine the most appropriate moment for starting hardening procedures and the best approach for introducing each procedure most effectively. One of the primary responsibilities of medical professionals should be to educate and support parents in implementing hardening procedures effectively