Varna Medical University Press: Journals
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Dr Nedyalka Vassileva-Golovina (physician of children's health - counseling stations in Varna)
Full text linkIntroduction:Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva (1900 - 1983) is permanently connected to the child health care. Eversince she was a student, she has been geared up to the preventive medicine. Her diploma thesis on the subject: „The Future Activity of Visiting Nurses in Bulgaria” is a prove of her devotion to the preventive care.Aim:To study the life, the achievements and the contribution of Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva-Golovina to the child health care in the city of Varna.Methods: historical-documentary. Documents from the archival funds of the State Archives in Varna and periodic publications have been examined.Results:Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva is one of the four doctors, newly graduated in 1924, who were determined by the Public Healthcare Directorate to take the lead of dispensaries for the prevention of child mortality and tuberculosis. She has undergone specialized training and study at the Anti-tuberculosis Dispensary in Sofia, at the Children’s Clinic of Aleksandrovska Hospital, at the Public Healthcare Directorate – for training in administration. These dispensaries have not been opened, however, the gained qualification was a good foundation for her work at the newly opened child health advisory stations, firstly in Sofia, and then, from 1927 to 1958, in Varna, where she worked with heart for the children. The example set by her finds expression in the long-term management of the health advisory stations, the consultancy desired and preferred by the mothers and the dissemination of health knowledge among the population through personal contacts, publications in the press, radio broadcasts, and exhibitions. She first promoted a beach for the children from the child health advisory stations which functioned for 15 years.Conclusion: The name of Dr. Nedyalka Vassileva-Golovina will stay in the history of public health as an outstanding propagandist, organizer and teacher creating new culture for contemporary health care for newborn infants and children of Varn
Building a national system for observing the Earth's surface from space
No full textТhe extremely high dynamics of the security environment in the Black Sea region places very high demands on the effectiveness of the management of the national security system of the Republic of Bulgaria. Solving this task is impossible without conducting a thorough analysis of the emerging risks and threats to national security, an adequate assessment of the available capabilities for their timely detection and disclosure, as well as finding adequate solutions to the defined problems. A traditional tool for solving such tasks are space-based means of observing the Earth's surface. Therefore, the main purpose of this publication is to analyze the possible approaches to creating an effective national satellite system for observing the Earth's surface from space
Professional organizations of dental technicians (a study of foreign practices)
Full text linkSince May 2019, dental technicians in Bulgaria have had their own professional organization, with mandatory membership required by law. The aim of this article is to examine such memberships and provide a comparative analysis of the policies and strategies of professional dental technician associations abroad. To achieve this, the study employs documentary methods, a review of literary sources, internet research (via the official websites of professional dental technician organizations), and comparative analysis.In 2021, ten professional organizations of dental technicians from nine countries (Bulgaria, Romania, the United Kingdom, Malta, Greece, Russia, Norway, Germany, and Canada) were analyzed. The findings and comparative results were published in the Bulgarian Journal of Public Health, vol. 13.Due to the continued interest of both the author and her class, this current study explores nine additional professional organizations from eight different countries. Many of the policies and strategies of these organizations are strikingly similar, focusing primarily on: promoting the profession; improving practices through the adoption of new technologies; preserving jobs and enhancing competitiveness; advancing professional qualifications through postgraduate education and activity monitoring; issuing licenses for practice and certification of dental technicians; and defending and promoting the labor, economic, insurance, social, and union rights of members. These efforts aim to improve their members’ professional, cultural, and living standards while ensuring quality services for the public.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy with fatal outcome in a patient with fulminant influenza A (H1N1) infection
Full text linkInfluenza is a viral infection that spreads annually as an epidemic, and every few years as a pandemic. In most cases, the infection occurs with mild symptoms. However, severe illness with serious complications is possible, as certain subtypes of the virus, such as H1N1, are associated with a higher risk of more severe course of the infection. Neurological involvement, although rarely observed during acute influenza infection, is one of the serious complications with a risk of permanent damage or death. Children belong to the risk groups for whom vaccination after 6 months of age is of particular importance, both for limiting the spread of the infection and for preventing complications. We present a clinical case of a 6-year-old child with a fulminant course of infection with influenza A, subtype H1N1, with severe neurological involvement and fatal outcome
Remote healthcare for seafarers in open waters
Full text linkIntroduction: Various forms of remotely provided medical advice and assistance are available to seafarers aboard vessels located in the open sea. Telemedicine is emerging as a vital mechanism for delivering healthcare in an isolated maritime environment where direct access to medical facilities is lacking.Aim: The aim of this report is to present best practices in remote healthcare for seafarers in open waters.Materials and Methods: Bulgarian and foreign literature sources were examined. The study was conducted between March and April 2025, using a documentary method.Results and Discussion: The profession of a seafarer involves hard physical labor, significant pressure, and stress. Equipment is used daily, ropes are handled, and cargo is processed. The nature of the job often leads to injuries, strokes, heart attacks, and other health issues. Therefore, organizing medical assistance on board, using communication tools, and enabling crews to receive support from telemedicine centers is of critical importance. Human life on board may sometimes depend on the actions taken by the crew in emergency situations. The goal of telemedicine is to make healthcare services as accessible as possible by overcoming factors that limit access to medical help.Conclusion: Different types of telemedicine offer best practices with a wide range of medical services for those working at sea, including primary medical care, specialized consultations for certain conditions, psychological support, chronic disease management, and more
Reflection on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees in small and medium-sized enterprises. Review of risks and their control
Full text linkIntroduction: The pandemic has caused significant stress and anxiety among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to economic uncertainty, social isolation, and the necessity to adapt to new working methods.Aim: This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of SME employees and offers risk management strategies based on an analysis of the literature.Materials and Methods: Using keywords, a literature review of emerging workplace risks related to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and approaches to addressing them was conducted.Results: The analyses of existing literature identify the primary mental health challenges faced by employees, including increased levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. In response to these challenges, various strategies for supporting mental health are considered, such as psychological support programs, stress management training, and creating a supportive work environment.Conclusion: The article emphasizes the importance of prioritizing mental health as a key factor for businesses' resilience and efficiency and the need to implement innovation and flexibility to overcome the crisis
Comparative analysis of innovative medicinal products’ marketing authorizations between EMA and FDA with focus on pharmacovigilance
Full text linkPharmacovigilance is one of the elements assessed during the procedure of granting marketing authorization and continues to be monitored throughout the entire life cycle of a medicinal product. The present work provides a comparative analysis of innovative medicinal product marketing authorizations granted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), focusing on therapeutic indications and pharmacovigilance requirements. The study examines 15 medicinal products jointly approved by both agencies in 2024, exploring similarities and differences in authorized indications, safety profiles, and risk minimization measures, including risk management plans (RMPs) and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). The analysis reveals a high degree of harmonization, but also differences in risk classification, the application of digital tools, and the regulatory documentation requirements. The findings underline the need for ongoing harmonization and the adoption of best practices in pharmacovigilance to support optimal patient safety outcomes
Factors influencing recurrence in conventional surgical treatment of incisional hernias—a comparative analysis of our own experience and the available literature
Full text linkIntroduction: Incisional hernias represent the most common complication following abdominal surgical interventions, affecting 10–30% of patients after laparotomy. The recurrence rate varies from 25% after five years to 32% after ten years, reaching up to 51.4% after repeat operations.Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the variables exerting the greatest influence on the development of subsequent recurrence after conventional surgical treatment of incisional hernias.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 273 patients with primary and recurrent incisional hernias, operated through various conventional techniques for restoring abdominal wall integrity at the Second Surgery Clinic of St. Marina University Hospital in Varna during the 2017–2021 period. Following analysis of the collected data from the periods before, during, and after the hospital treatment, statistical processing of the obtained material was performed using the SPSS v31 software package.Results: Of the studied cohort, 27.1% (n = 74) represented recurrent hernias, with 43.2% registered in the first year after the previous repair. The mean age was 62 years with a predominance of females. The mean BMI value was 29.6 kg/m², 27% had diabetes mellitus, and 31% were smokers. Comparative analysis identified three independent risk factors for subsequent reherniation: increased blood loss during the previous intervention (p = 0.000), non-compliance with activity restrictions including lifting heavy objects (p = 0.031), and the type of previous repair (p = 0.000), with the latter exerting the greatest influence on recurrence. In the studied cohort, 39.3% of recurrences occurred after operations without prosthetic material, while 60.7% occurred after interventions with mesh placement. The results correlate with data from international registries and confirm the significance of technical aspects of the primary repair.Conclusion: Variables widely considered as risk factors for the initial occurrence of incisional hernias (obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking) do not play a substantial role in the recurrence formation process. In-depth understanding of the specific risk factors for recurrence is of key importance for developing targeted strategies for preoperative preparation and optimization of surgical treatment outcomes for postoperative hernias