Journal of Social Science Education (JSSE - Universität Bielefeld)
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Political Perspectives in the Classroom. Results of Video Analyses in History and Civic Education
Get PDFCivic education is not taught as a separate subject at Swiss schools. In this context, it is of great interest to look for specific characteristics of how civic education can be observed as a cross-disciplinary subject in schools through video recordings. The empirical analysis is based on classroom observation in ninth grade classes in various Swiss cantons (Aargau, Bern, and Zurich) from 2003 to 2007. Criteria that allow the identification of elements of civic education in various school subjects are developed, the concept of “political perspective”. The analysis provides useful hints for planning and running classes where civic education is used as an overarching, cross-disciplinary approach. The concept of “political perspective” should not be taken as substitute for institutional knowledge. But the concept can rise above the function of an analytical tool and become a tool that serves the planning and designing of lessons. The perspective could as such be related to the postulate for epistemological knowledge
Kategoriale Konfliktdidaktik als Paradigma politischer Bildung
Get PDFDas Unterrichtsmodell von Rudolf Engelhardt „Parteipolitik in der Schule?“ stammt aus einer Zeit Anfang der 1960er Jahre, in der der Politikunterricht in (West-)Deutschland auf eine neue Grundlage gestellt wurde. Die ersten Nazischmierereien an Synagogen führten zu einem gemeinsamen Beschluss der für die Schulen zuständigen Minister der deutschen Bundesländer, die politische Bildung in den Schulen zu verstärken. Dazu wurde für die älteren Schüler ein eigenes Unterrichtsfach mit dem Namen „Gemeinschaftskunde“ oder „Sozialkunde“ eingeführt
The Epistemological and Didactical Challenges Involved in Teaching Socially Acute Questions. The Example of Globalization
Get PDFTeachers are being asked to manage a specific didactic situation which falls into the category of what we have proposed to call “socially acute questions (SAQs)”. A SAQ is a question which is acute in society, in background knowledge and in knowledge taught. Thus, teaching SAQs demands socio-epistemological reflexivity in the processes of knowledge production and in the social conditions in which this knowledge emerges; teaching SAQs will give priority to interdisciplinary, scientific and ethical reasoning. The split between ideology and science can certainly be examined when considering a socially acute question which is the subject of debate in society. In the example of the globalization taught: the diversity of analysis in the economic domain gives rise to great uncertainty because it justifies practically opposing policies; within a transdisciplinary framework, the globalization includes concepts, ideologies or social practices in a double movement of standardization and differentiation. By way of SAQs, we have attempted to show that learning stakes are numerous. However didactic choices must be supported by socio-epistemological survey, the identification of an epistemological posture and the definition of a didactic strategyLes enseignants sont appelés à gérer une situation didactique spécifique dans l’enseignement des «questions socialement vives (QSV) ». Les QSV sont des questions qui donnent lieu à débat dans la société, dans les savoirs scientifiques et dans l’enseignement. Ainsi, l‘enseignement des QSV nécessite une réflexivité socio-épistémologique dans le processus de production du savoir et dans les conditions sociales d’émergence de ces savoirs; l’enseignement des QSV donnera la priorité au raisonnement interdisciplinaire, scientifique et éthique. La scission entre l‘idéologie et la science peut être examinée lors de l‘examen d‘une QSV qui fait l‘objet d‘un débat dans la société. Dans l‘exemple de l’enseignement de la mondialisation: la diversité des analyses économiques donne lieu à une grande incertitude en justifiant des politiques quasi-opposées; dans un cadre transdisciplinaire, la mondialisation recouvre des concepts, des idéologies ou des pratiques sociales dans un double mouvement d‘uniformisation et de différenciation. Nous avons tenté de montrer que les enjeux de l‘apprentissage sont nombreux dans les l’enseignement des QSV. Les choix didactiques doivent être soutenues par une enquête socio-épistémologique, l‘identification d’une posture épistémologique et la définition d‘une stratégie didactique
Two Peculiarities of Economic Education
Get PDFIn order to model economic competences and to draw the didactic-methodological consequences it is necessary to take into account specific conditions of the conceptual development concerning economic issues and the respective learning paths. In this respect economic education has to deal with two fundamental peculiarities. First, the concept of the market as system unintendedly coordinating a multitude of actions is not transparent in the individual action. Thus, the learning paths to this concept of market cannot just build on the concept of the market as the concrete place of economic interactions. Second, the market’s systemic coordination of feedback processes, particularly the negative ones, is rather unintuitive. Intuition prefers unidirectional linear causal relations. These two interrelated peculiarities are present in the cognitive development of economic concepts. Competence requirements have to be defined respectively and methodological choices in teaching systemic ‘phenomena’ have to reflect this constraintUm ökonomische Kompetenzmodelle zu entwickeln und daraus didaktisch-methodische Konsequenzen zu ziehen, ist es notwendig bestimmte Bedingungen der konzeptuellen Entwicklung ökonomischer Zusammenhänge sowie diesbezüglich relevante Lernwege zu berücksichtigen. In dieser Hinsicht muss sich ökonomische Bildung mit zwei Besonderheiten auseinandersetzen: Erstens, das Konzept des Marktes als System nicht-intendierter Koordination einer Vielzahl von Handlungen ist in der einzelnen Handlung nicht einsichtig. Daher kann der dieses Konzept betreffende Lernweg und entsprechende Lehrmethoden nicht einfach am Marktkonzept als konkreter Ort konkreter wirtschaftlicher Interaktionen ansetzen. Zweitens, die systemische Koordinationsleistung des Marktes in Bezug auf Rückkoppelungsprozesse, insbesondere negative Rückkoppelungen, ist relativ unanschaulich. Unsere Anschauung präferiert unidirektionale lineare kausale Verknüpfungen. Die beiden Besonderheiten stehen somit in engem Bezug zur kognitiven Entwicklung ökonomischer Konzepte. Kompetenzanforderungen und die Wahl von Lehr/Lernmethoden in Hinsicht auf systemische ‚Phänomene‘ müssen daher diese Bedingungen bedenken
ICCS International Civics and Citizenship Study
No full textIn November 2010 the largest international study ever conducted on civic education in secondary schools has been released in Brussels. The study was performed under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), an independent consortium that brings together educational researchers and policy makers in 62 countries around the world. The IEA is probably more widely known in connection of large-scale comparative studies on educational assessment in math and science (TIMSS) and in reading (PIRLS). Yet, the association has longstanding and impressive expertise also in civic education. The first study in this area has been carried out already in 1971 (Torney et al., 1975), the second – so called CIVED in 1999 (Torney-Purta et al., 2001) and now, ten years later, 38 counties around the world participated in the third study – the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS). The study tested in 2008–2009 over 140,000 lower secondary students, over 62,000 teachers and headmasters from 5,300 schools in order to analyse how young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens
Challenges of Social Science Literacy
Get PDFSince international tests compare the performance of students in different subjects, the issue of literacy in the social science subject is becoming more pressing. The successes and failures in international tests influence the national education policies considerably. First, the inclusion of subjects in international comparisons has consequences for their importance. Second, the race in the Olympics of education leads to an increasing focus on the output of educational processes, also measured in the central exams. Social Sciences can refuse to take part in the national comparison studies with the price of losing much more importance; they can participate with the danger of undermining their goals. This raises a lot of questions: What competences students need in this social world to reason about it und to act responsibly? What is the foundation of concepts from social science students need for guidance and understanding their place and role as an individual in society? The social science disciplines, as sociology, political science and economics in a narrow sense, history, law and geography in a broader sense, supported by philosophy, pedagogy and psychology are able to select them for educational purposes or determine such educational aims. This Journal wants to resume und discuss competences and core con¬cepts for political and economic teaching and learning as Social Science Literacy”. Contributions in this issue do not only discuss and recommend competences and core concepts from a domain specific political or economic point of view, but also from an interdisciplinary or psychological point of view. They analyse preconditions and interdependencies as well as obstacles und problems of development and diagnosis core concepts and competences of Social Science Literacy
Demokratie und Bildung
Get PDFIm März 2010 fand in Mainz der Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE) statt. Das diesjährige Kongressthema „Bildung in der Demokratie“ berührte dabei klassische Fragestellungen und Anliegen von Lernprozessen in sozialwissenschaftlichen Domänen, also soziales, ökonomisches oder politisches Lernen. Aus diesem Grund wollen wir im vorliegenden Tagungsbericht jene Forschungstrends und Theorieprofile wiedergeben, die speziell für die sozialwissenschaftliche Bildung interessant sein dürften. Auf dem Kongress zeigten sich mit den wissensorientierten Fachdidaktiken, der beziehungsorientierten Demokratiedidaktik und einer systemisch-funktional orientierten Bildungssoziologie drei disziplinäre „Player“, die für unterschiedliche Verständnisse von sozialwissenschaftlicher Bildung stehen. Ein Austausch zwischen den Playern fand in Mainz jedoch kaum statt. Der Tagungsbericht versucht, die Zugänge der unterschiedlichen Player nachzuzeichnen und deren versäumtes Gespräch zu rekonstruieren. Eine konzeptionelle und empirische Verbindung der Player scheint notwendig und sinnvoll. Der folgende Bericht kann bereits auf einige Forschungsprojekte aufmerksam machen, die eine solche Verknüpfung versuchen und auf dem Weg zu einer empirisch fundierten Bildungstheorie in Bildungsgangstudien die Eigenlogik pädagogischer Prozesse rekonstruieren und konstruktiv orientieren
Democratic Society and Education
Get PDFIn March 2010 the Congress of the German Educational Research Association (GERA/DGfE) was held in Mainz. This year‘s topic “Bildung in der Demokratie” (Education in a Democratic Society) touched upon the classic questions and concerns of processes of learning in the domain of the social sciences, i.e. social, economic or political subjects. Therefore, in these conference proceedings we intend to present the research-trends and theoretical profiles that should be of interest especially for teaching the social sciences. Three major trends in the discipline were represented at the conference with their rather different understandings of education in social sciences: knowledge-oriented subject matter didactics, socially-oriented “Demokratiedidaktik” (didactics of democracy), and a systemic and function-oriented sociology of education. Unfortunately, dialogue between these trends was rare at Mainz. The congress proceedings will thus try to show the different approaches they take and to reconstruct the communication that was needed, but often absent. A conceptual and empirical linkage between these positions seems necessary and reasonable. The following report presents a number of research-projects which attempt such linkages and thereby reconstruct and constructively orient the inner logic of pedagogical processes along the road to an empirically founded theory of education