Journal of Social Science Education (JSSE - Universität Bielefeld)
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The Portuguese Literacy Campaigns After the Carnation Revolution (1974-1977)
Get PDFThis article presents a description of the major campaigns of adult literacy in the revolutionary period in Portugal, between the years 1974 and 1977. The campaigns aimed to address the problem of extremely low levels of formal education and high levels of adult illiteracy, and were organized by different movements, from the military to political youth organizations. In all cases, Paulo Freire’s theory and methods were an important reference to these initiatives of popular education even if, in some cases, these were clearly top-down approaches, while others advocated a bottom-up perspective. We will start by an analysis of the rationale of these movements based on documents produced at the period and a literature review. Then, retrospective interviews with two women participating in these campaigns are used to illustrate these experiences and their perceived impact on themselves and the adults involved. Not surprisingly, the impact of these literacy campaigns is perceived as significant both for the population, particularly older women, but mainly for the young literacy mediators who seem to have experienced this as a life-changing event. Even though this is a preliminary stage of the research, results suggest the significance of gender inequality and poverty as markers in the lived experience of these campaigns, and the high levels of hope and political mobilization of the young people involved, even with various degrees of ideological commitment.Cet article présente une description de grandes campagnes d\u27alphabétisation des adultes dans la période révolutionnaire au Portugal, entre les années 1974 et 1977. Les campagnes visaient à régler le problème des très faibles niveaux d\u27éducation formelle et des niveaux élevés d\u27analphabétisme des adultes et ont été organisées par différents mouvements, de l\u27armée à des organisations politiques de jeunesse. Dans tous les cas, la théorie et les méthodes de Paulo Freire ont été une référence importante pour ces initiatives d\u27éducation populaire même si, dans certains cas, ces approches ont été clairement de haut en bas, tandis que d\u27autres plaidé pour une perspective de bas en haut. Nous allons commencer par une analyse de la justification de ces mouvements fondés sur les documents produits à la période et une revue de la littérature. Ensuite, des entretiens rétrospectifs avec deux femmes participant à ces campagnes servent à illustrer ces expériences et leurs répercussions perçues sur eux-mêmes et les adultes impliqués. Sans surprise, l\u27impact de ces campagnes d\u27alphabétisation est perçue comme importante tant pour la population, les femmes âgées en particulier, mais surtout pour les jeunes médiateurs de l\u27alphabétisation qui semblent avoir fait de cette expérience comme un événement qui change la vie. Même s\u27il s\u27agit d\u27une étape préliminaire de la recherche, les résultats suggèrent l\u27importance des inégalités entre les sexes et la pauvreté comme marqueurs dans l\u27expérience vécue de ces campagnes et les niveaux élevés d\u27espoir et de mobilisation politique des jeunes impliqués, même avec divers degrés d\u27engagement idéologique
Investigating Multiculturalism and Mono-Culturalism Through the Infrastructure of Integration in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Get PDFThis paper explores first-hand experiences of citizenship education specifically-designed for immigrants from the perspective of native Dutch settlement workers and volunteers in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Based on eight months of ethnographic research and in-depth interviews with settlement workers, this article explores how these ‘minor figures’ influence and inform the ‘Infrastructure of Integration’ and reinterpret national Dutch cultural values and norms on a local level. Using past understandings of multiculturalism and the current project of assimilating all non-western Muslim immigrants into Dutch society, this article investigates how these minor figures reproduce exclusionary discourses of belonging to the imagined community of the Netherlands
Students’ Pathways Across Local, National and Supra-National Borders: Representations of a Globalized World in a Francophone Minority School in Ontario, Canada
Get PDFInformed by anthropology of childhood and youth, this paper examines how elementary students make sense of their diverse trajectories in an expanding culture of spatial, virtual and linguistic mobility (Farmer, 2012). Drawing on data collected in one francophone minority school in Ontario, Canada, we discuss students’ representations of a “globalized world” as they co-construct with peers and teachers the multiple meanings associated with mobility, citizenship and nationhood
Social and Psycho-political Impacts in the Social Construction of Political Memory of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship
Get PDFThis article refers to a research on the political memory of the military dictatorship in Brazil, held in three Brazilian cities (Belo Horizonte, Curitiba and São Paulo) in which we analyzed the social and psychopolitical impacts caused by the dictatorship as well as the redemocratization process in building the political memory of community and union leaders. The study revealed two important legacies that were found in the reports of interviewees: the first one refers to police repression, impunity, and authoritarianism still present in Brazilian society; the second legacy refers to the existence of a political memory built by social movements and communities that care about passing on, to the new generations, the events that occurred during the military dictatorship.Research has clearly shown that there is no single memory but several "underground memories" (Pollak, 1989), built by the popular classes, which contradict the versions disseminated by the official memory and enhance the social movements capacity of action as a strategy of resistance and political struggle of the movements today. To the extent that this fight is assumed by other spheres of Brazilian society it may contribute to memory policies in the fight against forgetting
Raising Citizens: Parenting Education Classes and Somali Mothers’ Experiences of Childrearing in Canada
Get PDFMothers are viewed as the people who are raising future citizens of Canada; therefore, their parenting practices are being targeted for intervention by civic organizations funded by the state. In this article, I argue that modernity narratives and neoliberalism approaches to mothering inform parenting education classes for Somali refugee women to Canada. Thus, Somali women are often seen as victims. Stereotyped identities conceal their social and historical agency. This research draws on 15 individual interviews with Somali mothers and participant- observation in two parenting education classes in Canada.
Review of the Book: Ross, E. Wayne (Ed.): The Social Studies Curriculum. Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities. Fourth Edition
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Psychosocial Trauma Transmission and Appropriation in Grandchildren of Former Political Prisoners of the Civic – Military Dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990)
Get PDFThis article introduces and discusses a research which sought to comprehend, through the analysis of the narratives of the grandchildren of victims of the Civic-Military Dictatorship in Chile, the phenomena of transgenerational psychosocial trauma. The research involved 14 grandchildren of former political prisoners (FPP), between 18 and 25 years old, both from the Metropolitan Region of Chile and from the Araucanía Region. It considered life story as the productive technique, and applied a narrative analysis to the sample collected. The results of this study allow us to state that the life story of the grandchildren of FPP is included in a logic of transgenerational transmission and appropriation of the psychosocial trauma. Which implies that inside the families of FPP still persists the avoidance and silence dynamic around the torture’s experience, determining the relationship of the grandchildren with the traumatic experience. Also, the results show that there are important gendered features to take into consideration while listening to the narratives of transgenerational transmission. Este artículo presenta y discute una investigación que buscó, a partir del relato de los nietos de víctimas de la dictadura cívico-militar chilena, comprender el fenómeno de la transgeneracionalidad del trauma psicosocial. En el estudio participaron 14 nietos de ex presos/as políticos/as, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad, procedentes de las regiones Metropolitana y de La Araucanía. Se usó el relato de vida como técnica de producción de información y se realizó un análisis narrativo. Los resultados de este estudio permiten plantear que la historia de vida de los nietos de FPP de la dictadura cívico-militar chilena se inscribe en una lógica de transmisión y apropiación transgeneracional del trauma psicosocial. En las familias de FPP persiste una dinámica de evitación y silencio en torno a la experiencia de tortura, la que determina la relación de los nietos con dicha experiencia traumática. Finalmente se discuten los resultados considerando una perspectiva de género. Dieser Artikel dokumentiert eine Untersuchung des Phänomens des Generationengedächtnisses psycho-sozialer Traumatisierungen anhand der Erzählungen von Enkelkindern von Opfern der Diktatur in Chile. In dieser Studie nahmen 14 Enkel im Alter zwischen 18 und 25 Jahren (Frauen und Männer) früherer politischer Gefangener teil. Die Opfer stammten sowohl aus der Hauptstadtregion als auch aus der Provinz La Araucania. Analysiert wurden Lebenserzählungen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie erlauben, die Lebensgeschichten der Teilnehmer im Kontext einer Logik der Übertragung und Aneignung psycho-sozialer Traumata von einer Generationen an die nächste verstehen. In den Familien der Opfer bleibt eine Dynamik der Verdrängung und des Verschweigens als Reaktion auf die Erfahrung der Folter bestehen, die die Beziehung der Enkel zu dieser traumatischen Erfahrung bestimmt. Diese Ergebnisse machenj auch deutlich, dass die Generationenübertragung stark durch Geschlechterspezifika beeinflusst wird
Review of the Book: Ross, Alistair (2015). Understanding the Constructions of Identities by Young New Europeans: Kaleidoscopic selves. New York/ Abingdon: Routledge, 217 pp.
Get PDFWomen’s Experiences: Memories of Portuguese Revolution
Get PDFIn this article I attempt to analyze the social memories of wives of soldiers in service on April 25th 1974, through the methodology of analysis recommended by Adele Clarke (2005), using data collected in 11 interviews conducted between 2005 and 2008 under a PhD project. As a conceptual framework I adopt the perspective of social memory in the tradition of Halbwachs (1992) and following Marc Augé (2001) and Paul Ricoeur (2004), which emphasizes the social and collective memory and points out the dynamic role it plays in building a meaning to the world. This analysis takes into account the dimensions of work, family, education, politics and social life, social and economic conditions and the expectations and dreams on which the interviewees draw comparisons between 1974 and the present and also produce judgments