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Fertilizer Quality Monitoring System in the Supply Chain based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Full text linkSeveral farmers are reported to be utilizing substandard fertilizer as a result of supply chain concerns such as inappropriate storage and adulteration by dealers, resulting in soil infertility, low yield, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the construction of a wireless sensor network system capable of collecting and analyzing data from each stage/point in the supply chain, as well as communicating status updates and recommendations to important supply chain partners. The system collected and evaluated data from each stage/point in the supply chain, and it was able to provide status information and advice to the major supply chain players. This enables the detection of changes in the quality of fertilizer prior to its delivery to farmers, allowing for the implementation of appropriate measures. Test results are wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring software's base station server for analysis, display, and storage through a communication module. The host server is comprised of an interpretation program that is used to receive, process, and display data in real-time. Users may obtain information from the base station server through their mobile phones. The remote server of the base station maintains certified fertilizer parameter values for each new batch and the status of reported fertilizer parameter values for each warehouse and provides the report and associated advice to the server and users, respectively. On the one hand, users may use predefined instructions on their mobile phones to seek information about chemical fertilizers and obtain real-time fertilizer nutrient quality metrics. On the other side, the system notifies the server and users of the report and any associated recommendations. The project's results have been positive, and the project's objective is to aid farmers in making better-informed decisions and boosting agricultural yields via the use of technology
Stability and Oscillation of θ-methods for Differential Equation with Piecewise Constant Arguments
Full text linkThis paper studies the numerical properties of θ-methods for the alternately advanced and retarded differential equation u′(t) = au(t)+bu(2[(t+1)/2]). Using two classes of θ-methods, namely the linear θ-method and the one-leg θ-method, the stability regions of numerical methods are determined, and the conditions of oscillation for the θ-methods are derived. Moreover, we give the conditions under which the numerical stability regions contain the analytical stability regions. It is shown that the θ-methods preserve the oscillation of the analytic solution. In addition, the relationships between stability and oscillation are presented. Several numerical examples are given
The effect of bias in relative performance appraisal
Full text linkThis study examines how managers’ biases affect the performance of their employees under relative performance appraisal. First, in case that performance cannot be measured quantitatively (as for administrative work), given a small reward, the findings suggest that the manager’s bias increases the employees’ level of effort and given a large reward, the bias decreases efforts. Examining cases over two periods, usually, bias toward an employee who performed better in the first period increases the total profit. Moreover, a bias leads to lower efforts in cases where performance can be measured quantitatively (as for sales). Furthermore, by establishing harsh conditions such as dismissing employees with lower evaluations, overall efforts may be increased by a bias against an underperforming employee. The overall findings suggest that the organizational performance improves through implementing a bias toward better performing employees
How Saudi Arabia attracts added value investment under the volatile global economic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic?
Full text linkInternational capital flows are primarily facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI). The study employs display research to investigate how to draw value-added FDI in the face of turbulence along with the global economy and the COVID-19 pandemic to the Saudi Market. These findings have led to an important mode of foreign direct investment, so they are extremely important as compared to previous studies. The findings reveal that trade openness, infrastructure availability, and market size all play a role in attracting foreign direct investment into a region. Foreign direct investment can be beneficial to both investment companies and host governments. Furthermore, the COVID-19 shock will amplify the current worldwide trend of shortening supply chains and reducing FDI growth. This is a critical juncture that the Saudi government should be encouraged to develop strategies that would lessen the economic impact of such changes on the host country.
It also aids the country's economic development and socio-economic transition. Several factors influence Saudi Arabia's ability to attract foreign direct investment, including growth rates, GDP, exports, and imports. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government must ensure that the nation remains attractive in order to retain maximum foreign direct investment flows, as this encourages long-term economic growth by rising human capital investment. Therefore, in the face of tumultuous global economic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic, attracting foreign direct investment can become a source of economic dependency and technology transfer diversification within the Kingdom
Empirical Social Science Between Object Level and Representation Level
Full text linkThe question of this paper follows an empirical study carried out from 2019 to 2021. The paper looks for a method by which empirical statements about transsubjective argumentations can be answered in a syntactically correct and semantically interpreted scientific language. The answer is given by demarcating Methodological Constructivism against Logical Empirism. In Logical Empirism, only an analytical a priori is recognized. In Methodical Constructivism, the experiential a priori is addressed, which makes a transsubjective orientation possible in the first place.  
Mathematical Modelling of Cholera Incorporating The Dynamics of The Induced Achlorhydria Condition And Treatment
Full text linkCholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae rampant in countries with inadequate access to clean water and proper sanitation. In this work a mathematical model for cholera incorporating the dynamics of the induced achlorhydria condition and treatment is analysed. Michaelis-menten equation in microbiology is used to show variation in pH level of the hydrochloric acid in the digestive system. Vibrio cholerae are acid labile and thrive well in alkaline medium.Once the gastric pH is raised by factors like antacid drugs or surgery the stomach medium become suitable for Vibrio cholerae to thrive and multiply very fast than healthy people. This lead to cholera transmission as the infected individuals with induced achlorhydria condition shed more folds of Vibrio cholerae to the environment. If individuals with achlorhydria condition are treated, the effect of cholera outbreak is reduced. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points is established. Analysis of the model show that the disease free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity, while the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number is greaterthan unity. Numerical simulations is done using MATLAB software to show the effect of the induced achlorhydria condition on the spread of cholera and individuals with this condition suffer severe infection during cholera outbreak
Factors Intricate the adoption of e-Commerce by Small-medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania
Full text linkE-commerce can enable medium, small-sized enterprises in emerging markets to gain greater bargaining power for innovation in Tanzania’s economic growth, despite its limited capital and mobility. The rationale for the e-Commerce definition emanates from the fact that Tanzania has lagged behind in acquiring, adopting and using e-Commerce. Many factors could be responsible for the low usage of e-Commerce among the SMEs in Tanzania. In order to determine the factors that inhibit the adoption of e-Commerce, SMEs were confronted in their quest to indicate the factors intricate the adoption of e-Commerce, among those were: Organizational factor, Environmental factor, Political and legal (regulatory policies) factor and Communication factor, followed by lack of ICTs tools, lack of financial resources, online security and several other reasons. At the same time, the research provides insights into understanding e-Commerce adoption by SMEs in the context of Tanzani
Nonparametric Tests for the Umbrella Alternative in a Mixed Design for Location
Full text linkThis paper further investigates existing test statistics proposed by Magel et al. (2010) for detecting umbrella alternatives when the peak is known, and the underlying design consists of a completely randomized design (CRD) and randomized complete block design (RCBD). Magel et al. (2010) assumed equal variance between the CRD and the RCBD portions for the power estimates that they conducted. We investigate the powers of the tests compared to each other when testing for location in this design when the variance of the CRD portion is 2, 4, and 9 times larger than the variance of the RCBD portion. Underlying normal, t, and exponential distributions are considered as well as a variety of location shifts, and different ratios between the sample size in the CRD portion compared to the number of blocks in the RCBD portion
Two Classes of Optimal Fourth-Order Iterative Methods Free from Second Derivative for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Full text linkThis work proposes new fourth-order iterative methods to solve non-linear equations . The iterative methods proposed here are presented by modifications of a third-order iterative method to be two classes of optimal fourth order. Convergence analysis was done for the iterative methods proposed in this paper. Multiple numerical examples were taken to explain the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed iterative methods
On the Use of Green's Functions in Solving Boundary Value Problems
Full text linkThere is no doubt that Green's functions have a long history in their use in many fields of applied mathematics and physics and especially in solving boundary value problems, hence we thought that it is worthwhile to write this article to summarize some important results in this concern emphasizing the beauty behind using them and the elegant mathematical techniques used as tools in conjunction with them. Famous problems relate to wave propagation and potential theory will be tackled in some details, giving the solutions of the partial differential equation which are connected with the problem. There remains also tomention that Green's functions are used in many other applications as will be pointed out in the conclusions