Jurnal Sains Teknologi dan Lingkungan (JSTL)
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Optimalisasi Aktivitas Antibakteri Formulasi Hidrogel Kitosan Berbasis Jaringan Saraf Multilayer Perceptron dalam Bioteknologi Lingkungan
Full text linkPengembangan biomaterial antibakteri yang berkelanjutan sangat penting untuk kemajuan bioteknologi lingkungan dan meningkatkan pengendalian patogen. Komposit hidrogel berbasis kitin menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba alami. Namun, penentuan formulasi optimal masih menjadi tantangan akibat interaksi nonlinier antara kitin, PVA, gelatin, dan honey (madu). Studi ini memperkenalkan jaringan saraf tiruan Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) sebagai kerangka kerja prediktif dan optimasi cerdas untuk menentukan komposisi hidrogel paling efektif terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Model MLP dilatih menggunakan dataset sekunder dan dievaluasi melalui R², MSE, RMSE, dan MAE untuk menilai akurasi prediksi dan kinerja generalisasi. Model mencapai R² sebesar 0.991 pada tahap pelatihan dan 0.914 pada tahap pengujian, menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam menangkap hubungan variabel yang kompleks. Kemudian, optimasi berbasis grid mengidentifikasi formulasi optimal yang terdiri dari 0.06 g/mL kitosan, 0.05 g/mL PVA, 0.00 g/mL gelatin, dan 0.01 g/mL honey (madu), menghasilkan zona inhibisi maksimum sebesar 30.66 mm. Selain itu, validasi eksternal menunjukkan bahwa model MLP menghasilkan bias rata-rata sebesar 4.80%, melampaui Response Surface Methodologydan mengonfirmasi kemampuannya yang superior dalam pemodelan nonlinier. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi jaringan saraf MLP sebagai salah satu algoritma pemodelan untuk mempercepat penemuan dan optimasi hidrogel antibakteri ramah lingkungan dalam aplikasi bioteknologi lingkungan
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Phonska dan Pupuk Hayati Petrobio Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of NPK Phonska dosage and Petrobio biofertilizer on growth and yield of long bean plants. The research was conducted from January to April 2024 at Kelayu Utara, Selong District, East Lombok. The experiment was designed according to a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) design with 2 factors: NPK Phonska fertilizer at five levels and Petrobio biofertilizer at two levels, thus there were 10 treatment combinations, which were 3 times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level, then further tested using an Significant Difference (LSD) test of 5% significance level. The results showed a significant interaction between NPK Phonska fertilizer dosage and Petrobio biofertilizer in influencing plant height at 35 days after planting (DAP) and the number of leaves at 21 DAP. NPK Phonska fertilizer, as a single factor, significantly affected plant height at 21 and 28 DAP, the number of leaves at 21, 28, and 35 DAP, flowering time, the number of flowers, the percentage of flowers turning into pods, pod weight, pod length, and pod diameter. Petrobio biofertilizer, as a single factor, significantly affected plant height at 21 DAP, the number of leaves at 28 DAP, and flowering time. In this study, the best NPK Phonska fertilizer dosage for growth and yield of long bean  plants was 16 g/plant
Optimasi Sintesis Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Melalui Reaksi Transesterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis TiO2
Full text linkDependence on solar power needs can be overcome by switching to renewable energy, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel can be synthesized from non-food vegetable oil, namely nyamplung seed oil, with the help of a catalyst. The aim of this research is to optimize the synthesis of biodiesel from nyamplung seed oil through a transesterification reaction using a TiO2 catalyst. Variations in reaction conditions include the mole ratio of oil: methanol, catalyst mass, reaction time and reaction temperature. The optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis were obtained at mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:8; catalyst 0.15 g; reaction time 150 minutes and reaction temperature 60℃ with an average yield of 76.54%. The characteristics of the biodiesel obtained include 0.877 g/mL of density, 3.65 cSt of viscosity,  234.217 mg KOH/g of saponification value, and 2.1 mg NaOH/g of acid value. The chemical composition of biodiesel resulting from GC-MS is methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate
Analisis Perilaku Sanitasi Wisatawan terhadap penggunaan air Bersih dan Toilet di Kawasan Khusus Ekonomi Mandalika
Full text linkThe Mandalika Special Economic Zone (KEK) is a super priority destination in NTB with an increasing number of tourists visits every year. The increasing number of tourist visits affects the sanitation of the area. Sanitation conditions are influenced by tourist behavior. This study aims to analyze the sanitation behavior of tourists, especially in the use of clean water and toilets. The research method uses a questionnaire distribution to 96 tourists taken by simple random sampling. Determination of the number of respondents using the Slovin formula. The validity and reliability test of the questionnaire instrument was carried out first before the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that 61% of respondents who had clean water use behavior in the Mandalika KEK had water use behavior in the "Good" category, while 39% had "Less Good" behavior. Toilet use behavior showed that 67% of respondents who had toilet use behavior in the Mandalika KEK had water use behavior in the "Good" category, while 33% had "Less Good" behavior
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendingin Air Nutrisi Berbasis Peltier untuk Optimasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Hidroponik
Full text linkHigh ambient temperatures inside tropical greenhouses can significantly raise nutrient solution temperatures in vertical hydroponic systems, disrupting nutrient uptake and reducing plant productivity. This study focuses on the design and development of a nutrient cooling system (chiller) using two TEC1-12706 thermoelectric modules (Peltier) arranged in series to enhance heat dissipation performance. The nutrient solution is pumped from the reservoir to the cooling chamber using a 12 V DC pump and recirculated in a closed-loop configuration. The chiller system is fully automated, controlled by two DH48S digital timers operating simultaneously: one activates Peltier 1, while the other controls Peltier 2 via the NC output (5 minutes) and the pump via the NO output (30 seconds), enabling alternating programmed cooling and circulation. The entire chiller unit is active only from 08:00 to 18:00 WITA using a KG316T programmable timer, corresponding to peak thermal stress hours inside the greenhouse. Results showed that despite greenhouse temperatures reaching up to 39.4 °C with relative humidity dropping to 47.6%, the chiller system maintained nutrient solution temperatures within the optimal 27–30 °C range. This design proved effective in reducing and stabilizing nutrient temperature under high heat microclimates. With its simple, automated, and energy-efficient architecture, the chiller system offers a promising solution for small-scale vertical hydroponics and greenhouse-based urban farming in tropical regions
Analisis Kepekaan Terhadap Perubahan Temperatur pada Aspal Modifikasi Polimer
Full text linkIn tropical countries such as Indonesia, high-temperature resistance of asphalt is required to avoid premature damage to road pavement construction. One of the methods to solve this problem is to prepare polymer-modified asphalt. This study aimed to examine the temperature change sensitivity of polymer-modified asphalt using the penetration index value. The polymers used were HDPE, LLDPE, PVC, and styrofoam. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the conventional asphalt 60/70 used in this study did not satisfy the minimum softening point requirement of 48 °C. With the use of polymers, modified asphalt is produced with a higher hardness than unmodified asphalt. Compared to other polymers, LLDPE-modified asphalt has the lowest penetration index value and is the most sensitive to temperature changes, making it more susceptible to permanent deformation. At all the styrofoam concentrations used, the penetration index was negative, while a positive penetration index value was achieved with 3% and 4% PVC. In HDPE-modified asphalt, the use of polymers has a significant impact and produces the highest penetration index. This indicates that HDPE-modified asphalt is more resistant to temperature changes and exhibits better performance under various weather conditions
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In tropical countries such as Indonesia, high-temperature resistance of asphalt is required to avoid premature damage to road pavement construction. One of the methods to solve this problem is to prepare polymer-modified asphalt. This study aimed to examine the temperature change sensitivity of polymer-modified asphalt using the penetration index value. The polymers used were HDPE, LLDPE, PVC, and styrofoam. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the conventional asphalt 60/70 used in this study did not satisfy the minimum softening point requirement of 48 °C. With the use of polymers, modified asphalt is produced with a higher hardness than unmodified asphalt. Compared to other polymers, LLDPE-modified asphalt has the lowest penetration index value and is the most sensitive to temperature changes, making it more susceptible to permanent deformation. At all the styrofoam concentrations used, the penetration index was negative, while a positive penetration index value was achieved with 3% and 4% PVC. In HDPE-modified asphalt, the use of polymers has a significant impact and produces the highest penetration index. This indicates that HDPE-modified asphalt is more resistant to temperature changes and exhibits better performance under various weather conditions
Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Teknologi Beton Serat (Fiber Reinforced Concrete) dengan Campuran Serat Alam
Full text linkThe addition of natural fibers in concrete is of great interest in the field of construction materials. Compared to man-made fibers, natural fibers are cheaper and locally available. In addition, the use of natural fibers is certainly more eco-friendly than the use of synthetic fibers but can produce the same strength in its application as an additive. This study aims to determine the development trend of concrete technology with natural fiber admixtures, including the various types of natural fiber waste used, so that it can be a consideration and reference in the use of natural waste in the mix design of natural fiber concrete (Fiber Reinforced Concrete). This study uses bibliometric analysis and literature review methods using Publish or Perish/Harzing software and VOSviewer v.1.6.20. This study was conducted by bibliometric analysis method of concrete technology development that utilizes waste mixture as fiber in Google Scholar indexed publications from 2014 to 2023. Furthermore, the co-cite, coupler, and cluster analysis methods will be used to analyze the collaboration network, and VOSviewer v.1.6.20 is used to visualize this network with three visualization analyses; Network Visualization, Overlay Visualization, and Density Visualization. Of the total publications indexed by Google scholar, namely 989 documents, 958 documents have year information and 31 documents do not have information on the year of publication. The highest publication growth development with this topic occurred in 2021, which reached 284 publications (28.7%), while the lowest publication development was in 2024, totaling 10 documents (1%)
Efektivitas Terapi pada Gangguan Kecemasan
Full text linkAnxiety disorders are psychological conditions characterized by excessive and pathological anxiety or worry, and they remain a significant mental health concern in both developed and developing countries. Managing these disorders requires effective therapeutic interventions, both psychological and pharmacological. This article reviews various therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), supportive therapies, and pharmacological treatments. The review focuses on the effectiveness, mechanisms of action, and factors influencing the success of each therapy. Findings indicate that CBT consistently demonstrates high effectiveness in reducing symptoms across different types of anxiety disorders. Appropriate and comprehensive therapy selection based on individual conditions is essential to improve clinical outcomes and patient prognosis
Crystalline Properties of Jambu (Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed Starches: An XRD Spectroscopic Study
Full text linkStarch, a complex carbohydrate found in plants, has become an alternative raw material to make plastics (bioplastics). Bioplastics have been intensively used to replace conventional plastics, which cannot be degraded and thus cause environmental problems. Therefore, starch has been the focus of many studies, where researchers study its properties, such as crystalline properties. These properties influence the properties of starch-based bioplastics: their mechanical strength, water resistance, and degradation rate are affected by the arrangement of starch molecules into crystalline structures. This study aims to characterize crystalline properties of starches of jambu fruit (Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston) and jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus). For this purpose, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy was used. The results show that the starches of jambu and jackfruit fruit seeds belong to different types: B-type starch for jambu and A-type starch for jackfruit. The index of crystallinity of starch of jackfruit seed, 54.0%, is higher than that of starch of jambu fruit seed, 38.1%. Starch of jackfruit seed has higher crystalline properties compared to starch of jambu seed
Tocotrienol Berbasis Nabati dalam Akuakultur: Solusi Inovatif untuk Produktivitas, Kesehatan Ikan, dan Keberlanjutan
Full text linkAquaculture plays a pivotal role in global food security but faces challenges such as diseases, oxidative stress, and reliance on unsustainable feed ingredients. Tocotrienol, a plant-based vitamin E isomer, offers an innovative solution with superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties compared to α-tocopherol. This review examines the utilization of tocotrienol from natural sources like red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) and annatto seeds (Bixa orellana)—containing up to 4,135 mg/L δ-tocotrienol—to enhance aquaculture productivity. Empirical studies demonstrate that tocotrienol supplementation in feed improves Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and feed efficiency. Its mechanisms involve NF-κB pathway inhibition, Nrf2-ARE activation, and pparγ gene regulation for lipid metabolism. However, challenges such as thermal degradation during feed extrusion and species-specific responses require formulation strategies like nanoencapsulation or industrial byproducts (PFAD). Through integrated approaches, tocotrienol holds potential as a strategic feed additive to advance sustainable aquaculture by enhancing fish health, product quality, and economic efficiency