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2023 research outputs found
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Sphering the Square
No full textAuthor\u27s note:
Two years ago, I was perusing the archives of the bulletin and stumbled upon a poem¹ that was read aloud at the 1973 conference. I re-read at for the 2023 conference, and was inspired to craft a new one for 2025. The subject of map projections is perennial and rife with possibility for lively turns of phrase.
 
Cartography, Ephemera, and Colonialism
No full textThis digital exhibit features historical cartographic material and ephemera from the Map and Data Centre of Western Libraries and exemplifies how these materials can be used to discuss, examine, and explore issues or events in history such as the effects of colonialism and the evolution of borders, land designations, and industries through the use of primary source material. It also serves to exemplify the various tools and layouts of StoryMaps, a beneficial ArcGIS tool for showcasing collections, exhibits, and information.
Rhodesia was a landlocked region located in Central Africa, named after the British Colonial administrator Cecil Rhodes, a mining magnate and politician, by the British South Africa Company in the 19th century. Before colonization, this land was loosely known as Northern and Southern Zambezia, after the Zambezi River that ran through the two regions. With colonization the river\u27s natural divide created Northern Rhodesia which eventually became Zambia in 1964 and Southern Rhodesia which later became Zimbabwe in 1980. Postage stamps and maps from these eras of colonization capture the British ownership over the region and exemplify the developments in the region as it gained independence from British occupation
Covid Effects on the Returns to Schooling in Pennsylvania Industries
No full textThis paper analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 recession on the rate of return to schooling for twenty industries in Pennsylvania. Using data from the American Community Survey 2011-2021, we find the rate of return to schooling declined by 0.3 percentage points during COVID years from its pre-COVID level, and COVID effects on the rate of return differed among industries in Pennsylvania. COVID increased the returns to schooling for three industries, decreased the returns to schooling for six industries, and had no effect on the returns to schooling for the remaining eleven industries. The changes in the rate of return to schooling reflect shifts in the wage premium between high- and low-wage workers
Pin the tail on the researcher: From distributed to meshy accountability in decentralized social media
No full text(English): This paper explores the potentials and perils of alternative social media, through a firsthand account of targeted harassment on a prominent decentralized social media network, Mastodon. It illustrates how both network architecture and norms place the onus on users for their own safety. Though singular in content, this case conforms to patterns for which minoritized users of the network have sought remedy for years. This matters because abusive behavior online is common and its burden falls heavily on women, racial, ethnic, gender and sexual minorities, and the like; the democratic potential of noncommercial, decentralized social media cannot be realized if enhancing accountability to users is not a priority. The paper argues for foregrounding accountability in the network, spanning sociotechnical relationships between and amongst users, moderators, and architects of the network. It suggests that relations of production and participation on decentralized social media be oriented towards “meshy accountability,” invoking both consciously woven connections and the gaps and spaces between them.
(Spanish): Este artículo explora el potencial y los riesgos de las redes sociales alternativas a través de un relato directo de acoso selectivo en Mastodon, una prominente red social descentralizada. Ilustra cómo tanto la arquitectura como las normas de la red responsabilizan a los usuarios de su propia seguridad. Si bien su contenido es singular, este caso se ajusta a patrones que los usuarios minoritarios de la red han buscado solución durante años. Esto es importante porque el comportamiento abusivo en línea es común y su carga recae considerablemente sobre mujeres, minorías raciales, étnicas, de género y sexuales, entre otras. El potencial democrático de las redes sociales descentralizadas y no comerciales no se puede materializar si no se prioriza la rendición de cuentas a los usuarios. El artículo aboga por priorizar la rendición de cuentas en la red, abarcando las relaciones sociotécnicas entre usuarios, moderadores y arquitectos de la red. Sugiere que las relaciones de producción y participación en las redes sociales descentralizadas se orienten hacia una “rendición de cuentas mezquina,” invocando tanto las conexiones tejidas conscientemente como las brechas y espacios entre ellas
Digital Feminist Futurities From the Margin: Refugee Women Experiences with Juxtapolitical Publics
No full textIn this article, I draw on standpoint theory to center the lived experiences of those at the margins and challenge dominant Western scholarship on women, self-help, and media. I apply Lauren Berlant’s concept of juxtapolitical publics to explore how Syrian diasporic women use digital media to navigate survival and build community in contexts of displacement—without necessarily engaging in formal or overtly recognized political activism.
Based on interviews with the co-founders of two digital communities, Syrische Frauen in Deutschland (SFD) and Let\u27s Stand Again (LSA), I examine the mechanisms and motivations that led to their creation, as well as the internal dynamics of the admin teams that manage these pages.
This paper contributes to conversations on digital feminist futurities by highlighting the participants’ efforts to build communities and networks of knowledge, care, and support. These efforts not only challenge existing power structures in their lives but also help imagine alternative futures—acts that can be understood as political because they expose broader systems of domination shaping marginalized women’s experiences
Thermo-hydraulic performance of uniform and hybrid Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) heat exchangers
No full textTriply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) geometries are remarkable solutions for achieving optimal heat transfer performance in industries where space-efficient cooling solutions are required. Utilizing these additively manufactured geometries in Heat Exchanger (HX) applications involves a trade-off between maximizing heat transfer and minimizing pressure drop. While prior studies mostly focused on uniform TPMS-based HXs, this research investigates the thermo-hydraulic performance of both uniform (Gyroid, Diamond D, and FRD) and hybrid (Gyroid-FRD, Diamond D-Gyroid, and Diamond D-FRD) TPMS-based HXs. In this study, TPMS geometries were generated via LattGen, and design setup and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation were conducted using Ansys Fluent 2023 R2. All geometries were generated at 30% relative density, and hybrid transitions were achieved via the Sigmoid function. A k-epsilon turbulence model was employed for CFD analysis, and the model was validated against existing literature. Results illustrate that the FRD HX exhibits the best temperature change performance, corresponding to a 13.9 [K] increase in temperature, while introducing a 239.58 [Pa] pressure drop. Among hybrids, Diamond D-FRD HX enabled 13.82 [K] temperature change, improving base uniform FRD flow resistance by 62.5%. The investigation reveals that hybridization can yield an intermediate of thermo-hydraulic performance characteristics from their uniform base structures
Defects analysis in LPBF printing based on up-skin and down-skin angles using machine learning
No full textIn laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, geometric features of parts have a significant impact on their printability and quality. Special attention in the literature has been given to the characteristic feature of distinction between up-skin and down-skin surface properties, where up-skin and down-skin surfaces have different orientation angles with respect to the build plate during part fabrication. We focus on slice-level, surface-connected defect analysis relative to up- and down-skin orientation using a YOLO→U-Net pipeline, followed by clustering and statistical morphology. We use a dataset acquired by X-ray CT scanning of LPBF-manufactured Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) parts and 3D lattice structures with segmented regions of the top and bottom skins. This design allows slice-level analysis of defect geometry with respect to surface-normal direction. Lattice architectures with strut-based and surface-based features with a cell size of 2 mm and strut/wall thickness between 0.25-0.55 mm were utilized in this study. Machine learning and deep learning techniques such as YOLO and U-Net have significantly contributed to the precision and effectiveness of defect and pore detection and classification in 3D-printed components. Outcomes are expected to enhance the defect formation mechanism knowledge and allow optimization of print and design parameters toward improved quality and reliability of key application 3D printed parts
Four Tools Used by Kleaineta of Olynthus in Preparing Thread for Her Mother
No full textWe are wealthy, here in our house set against the hill. There is hardly need for me to take the basket that Aristippus brings in from the wool-seller, but mother says that the weaving is not enough for a wife, not even one with a half-decent dowry. Besides, to know the feel and twine of the thread is to allow the shuttle to sing as it passes through the warp, building rows of fine fabric. This is what she has told me, sitting half-gauzy in the bouncing sunlight catching in the hung threads on her loom. So, I take the willow-basket, already feeling the reaching pricks of the thistles caught in the clumps of wool. I sit on the edges of the courtyard, nestled in the cool shade between the columns that support the upper floor, and I begin to comb
Augustus’ Laudatio of Agrippa
No full textI wish, truly, that this was a skill in which I was not so well versed, that the call for commemoration was heard less often. Though if any man is owed tribute, it is Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. We met studying at Apollonia, then both filled with the youthful vigor befitting the city’s namesake. Upon the death of my father, Divus Julius, I found in Agrippa a reliable and skilled ally. When my heart was filled with the unconquerable strength of just vengeance and my body was weakened by illness, it was he who stood by my side allowing Justitia’s sentence to be brought down upon Brutus and Cassius. Many we fought alongside at Philippi in time revealed themselves to be traitors to my father and the Roman people for whom we sought retribution. Agrippa and I together defeated Sextus Pompeius, who proved himself to be the lesser spawn of a great man. Here, my dear friend showed himself worthy of an honour which no man was bestowed before nor has been since, a golden crown ornamented by ships’ beaks
A multiscale design and fabrication approach to create biomimetic tunable implants using additive manufacturing
No full textCanadians across the country rely on hard-tissue implants such as hip, knee, and dental implants. Rises in aging populations are further increasing these needs, where diseases prevalent in elderly patients, such as osteoporosis (OP), contribute to these demands and can complicate osseointegration processes. To better serve these populations, current biomaterials used in bone implants must be improved, which can suffer failure from effects such as stress shielding, instability, inflammation, and aseptic loosening. In this work, a multiscale design and manufacturing approach using additive manufacturing (AM) was introduced to design tunable porous scaffolds with biomimetic hierarchical features. For tunable scaffold design, literature-driven design parameters found to be suitable for enhancing osseointegration and appropriate for AM were consulted. A Voronoi tessellation strategy was adopted to create dynamically tunable structures using a parametric modelling approach. In-model topology evaluation metrics (e.g. porosity, strut diameter, node connectivity, and intertrabecular angles) were included to provide designers insight into scaffold mimetics to different bone structures, key for considering site-specific locations and conditions, such as healthy versus OP bone. Current progress related to the materials and mechanical assessment of as-printed scaffold structures is shared. Select scaffold structures were produced using state-of-the-art laser powder bed fusion with Ti-6Al-4V. AM introduced micro-roughness, while chemical etching will induce engineered nanoscale texturing, which is anticipated to improve cellular adhesion and bone growth. Laser profilometry and scanning electron microscopy characterized surface roughness and morphology, while the influence of AM and computer-aided design (CAD) parameters on material properties in future will be assessed in mechanical testing. Overall, this work builds a foundation for the design of innovative biomimetic porous implants that can be tuned to meet patient-specific needs