John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
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God’s Indwelling in Man as the Goal of Spiritual Life According to Anastasius of Sinai
No full textCelem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jaki sposób Anastazy z Synaju rozumie zamieszkanie Boga w człowieku. Synaita definiuje człowieka jako prawdziwy i rozumny dom Boga. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części: pierwsza prezentuje skutki zamieszkania Boga w ludzkiej naturze (wcielenie), druga natomiast cel, sposoby i skutki zamieszkania Boga w chrześcijaninie. Do najważniejszych wniosków należą: 1. Zamieszkanie Boga w człowieku to najważniejszy cel życia. Nie wystarczy poprawna wiara i pobożne uczynki. Chrześcijaninem jest ten, w którym zamieszkała Trójca Święta. 2. Owocem zamieszkania Boga w chrześcijaninie jest kult w Duchu i prawdzie, mądrość, świętość i czystość. 3. Skutkiem zamieszkania Boga w naturze ludzkiej jest śmiałość ludzi wobec Boga jako jednego z nich. Tej śmiałości nie mają aniołowie, ponieważ Bóg nie zamieszkał w ich naturze. 4. Dla człowieka, w którym zamieszkał Bóg, zewnętrzne praktyki religijne przestają być istotne. One mają jedynie funkcję pomocniczą w oczyszczeniu człowieka z grzechu.
This article aims to answer the question of how Anastasius of Sinai understands God's dwelling in man. The Sinaitic defines man as the true and rational house of God. The article consists of two parts: the first presents the effects of God's indwelling in human nature (incarnation), while the second presents the purpose, ways and effects of God's indwelling in the Christian. Among the most important conclusions are: 1. The indwelling of God in man is the most important goal of life. Correct faith and pious deeds are not enough. A Christian is the one in whom the Holy Trinity has dwelt. 2. The fruit of God's indwelling in a Christian is worship in Spirit and truth, wisdom, holiness and purity. 3.The effect of God's indwelling in human nature is the boldness of people toward God as one of them. Angels do not possess this boldness because God did not dwell in their nature. 4. For a man in whom God has taken up residence, external religious practices cease to be important. They only have an auxiliary function in cleansing man from sin
Back to Normality? A Bibliometric Analysis of L2 Vocabulary Research 1989–93
No full textThis paper is the latest in a series of studies published in LingBaW that contribute towards a historical review of research into L2 vocabulary acquisition. This instalment uses an author co-citation analysis (Small 1973) to examine the research on L2 vocabulary acquisition published in 1993. Two analyses are presented. The first analysis provides a context for the 1993 data. It looks at work that was being cited in a five-year window covering 1989–93. The second analysis is a more detailed account of the 1993 research on its own terms. These analyses suggest that a surge in psycholinguistic research identified in 1992 may be a transient feature of the field. 1993 exhibits a return the patterns noted in our earlier studies, where the most significant influences come from an applied linguistics perspective
Tax Commitments in the Compromiso de Sevilla – Critical Issues in Financing for Development
No full textCrucial financial topics have been debated during the latest International Conference on Financing for Development. After taking stock of different stakeholders’ input, their contributions within the tax field are systematized, and the outcome document is critically assessed. The renewed framework for Domestic Resource Mobilization (DRM) comprises stronger tax policies and administrations, tax reforms based on smart use of context-specific data, and the improvement of specific categories of taxes. It addresses progressivity, solidarity and international tax cooperation, taking into consideration human rights. African countries have relied on their own efforts to strengthen DRM capacity but call for support in the fight against illicit financial flows. They are simultaneously working collectively to shape the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation and its protocols. In any reconfiguration of the domestic or international financial architecture, the oversight by audit institutions should be reinforced. Despite wishes to quickly put into practice several commitments with The Sevilla Platform for Action, the Compromiso de Sevilla may fall short regarding taxation
Polish Modal Ellipsis
No full textOver the past years, Modal Ellipsis (ME) has been the focus of some cross-linguistic investigations in languages such as Spanish (Dagnac 2010, Fernández-Sánchez 2023), Dutch (Aelbrecht 2010), French (Authier 2011), and Czech (Gruet-Skrabalova 2017), among others. Initially, it was considered to involve a null proform – a silent pronominal element standing in for the missing complement (Brucart 1999, Depiante 2000). More recent analyses, however, argue that this elliptical construction should be analysed as PF-deletion. According to this approach, the ellipsis site has a full syntactic structure deleted at Phonetic Form. In this paper, I propose that Polish ME follows the PF-deletion pattern, specifically targeting the complement of VoiceP. To test this hypothesis, I examine three diagnostics – extraction, case connectivity effects, and syntactic mismatches. The data reveal that Polish ME allows extraction and exhibits case-matching effects between the remnant and the elided structure. These findings provide compelling evidence that Polish ME involves an underlying syntactic structure deleted at PF
The Human Will of Christ in the Perspective of Cappadocian Theologians of the 4th Century
No full textArtykuł poświęcono kwestii ludzkiej woli Chrystusa w myśli teologów kapadockich IV wieku w kontekście wczesnochrześcijańskiego rozwoju doktryny o naturach Chrystusa. Jego celem jest ukazanie roli i znaczenia ludzkiej woli Chrystusa w chrystologii Bazylego Wielkiego, Grzegorza z Nazjanzu i Grzegorza z Nyssy. Wszyscy trzej myśliciele podkreślali pełnię człowieczeństwa Chrystusa, a każdy a nich w pewnym stopniu sygnalizował lub zwracał uwagę na istnienie i funkcję Jego ludzkiej woli. Refleksja teologów kapadockich stanowiła istotny krok w rozwoju chrystologii, kładąc fundamenty nauczania, że Chrystus jako prawdziwy człowiek musiał posiadać autentyczną ludzką wolę, która pozostawała w doskonałej harmonii z Jego wolą boską. Ta koncepcja wpłynęła na dalsze debaty teologiczne i odegrała istotną rolę w późniejszym sformułowaniu doktryny o dwóch wolach w Chrystusie w Bizancjum w VII wieku.
The article is dedicated to the issue of Christ’s human will in the thought of the Cappadocian theologians of the fourth century, in the context of the early Christian development of the doctrine of Christ’s natures. Its aim is to highlight the role and significance of Christ’s human will in the Christology of Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa. All three thinkers emphasized the fullness of Christ’s humanity, and each of them, to some extent, signaled or drew attention to the existence and function of His human will. The reflection of the Cappadocian theologians was a significant step in the development of Christology, laying the foundations for the teaching that Christ, as a true man, had to possess an authentic human will, which remained in perfect harmony with His divine will. This concept influenced further theological debates and played a crucial role in the later formulation of the doctrine of two wills in Christ in Byzantium in the seventh century
A contribution to the history of the Kamieniec Cathedral Vicars College
No full textKamienieckie kolegium wikariuszy katedralnych, założone w 1485 roku, stanowiło jedno z pierwszych organów o podobnej strukturze na terenie diecezji ze stolicą w Kamieńcu Podolskim. Z powodu skąpej bazy źródłowej, dzieje tej wspólnoty do końca XVI wieku pozostają szerzej nieznane. Odkryte w zbiorach Centralnego Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego we Lwowie pokwitowanie, wystawione 1500 roku przez wikariuszy za pobór należnego im uposażenia, jest jednym z nielicznych dokumentów, obrazujących ekonomiczne podstawy funkcjonowania tej wspólnoty. W artykule, na kanwie informacji możliwych do uzyskania z analizy tego dokumentu, przedstawiono kilka wniosków dotyczących prawnego statusu kapituły oraz organizacji systemu celnego na Podolu na przełomie XV i XVI wieku.
The College of Cathedral Vicars in Kamieniec, founded in 1485, was one of the first establishments of this type and purpose in the diocese with its seat in Kamieniec Podolski. Due to the limited source material, the history of this community until the end of the 16th century remains largely unknown. Discovered in the collection of their due renumeration is one of the few documents illustrating the economic foundations of the operation of this community. Based on information obtained from an analysis of this document, the article presents several conclusions concerning the legal status of the chapter and the organisation of the customs systems in Podolia at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries
The Diploma Theses Written under the Supervision of Fr. Prof. dr. hab. Bazyli Degórski OSPPE
No full textWykaz prac dyplomowych napisanych pod kierunkiem o. prof. dr. hab. Bazylego Degórskiego OSPPE.
A list of the diploma theses written under the supervision of Fr. Prof. dr. hab. Bazyli Degórski OSPPE
Summary Statements in the Gospel of Luke
No full textThis article explores the summary statements within the Third Gospel, with the goal of identi fying which passages qualify as this distinct literary genre. The study begins by reviewing a range of scholarly proposals concerning the number of summaries, drawing from the works of notable exegetes such as H. Schurmann, L. Sabourin, J. Nolland, L.T. Johnson, R.C. Tannehill, D.L. Bock, J.B. Green, S. Grasso, G. Rosse, F. Bovon, W. Eckey, H. Klein, J. Fitzmyer, M. Wolter, and F. Mickiewicz. These scholars present varied perspectives on the defining characteristics of a summary, reflecting the diversity of thought in biblical scholarship. Building on their insights, the analysis establishes precise criteria and systematically applies them to all passages proposed by these experts. Through this rigorous process, eighteen texts in Luke’s Gospel are identified as summaries: (1) 1:65–66, (2) 1:80, (3) 2:40, (4) 2:52, (5) 3:18, (6) 4:14–15, (7) 4:31–32, (8) 4:40–41, (9) 4:42–44, (10) 5:15–16, (11) 6:17–19, (12) 8:1–3, (13) 8:40, (14) 9:6, (15) 9:10–11, (16) 13:22, (17) 19:47–48, and (18) 21:37–38. The study not only classifies these passages but also highlights their thematic unity and functional coherence within the narrative, offering a deeper understanding of Luke’s literary and theological artistry
„Let ust outline a kind of rough sketch of what virtue is…” – Hellenic arete as the Foundation of Christian Perfection in Basil the Great’s "Address to the Young"
No full textW piśmie „Do młodych” Bazyli Wielki zachęca adresatów, aby wykorzystali poznawaną w szkole literaturę pogańską do zdobycia cnoty, która dla chrześcijanina jest drogą do wiecznego życia. Przeprowadzona w artykule analiza utworu ma na celu odpowiedź na pytanie, jak autor rozumie tu pojęcie cnoty (arete) i w jaki sposób należy ją zdobywać. Istotą cnoty jest według Bazylego panowanie rozumu, który jest najwyższą władzą duszy, nad nierozumnymi popędami ciała. Dlatego przedstawiana w utworze koncepcja cnoty ma charakter ascetyczny (ograniczanie potrzeb ciała), etyczny (kształtowanie charakteru) i intelektualny (zdobywanie wiedzy i ćwiczenie umysłu). Podstawy cnoty najłatwiej jest zdobyć naśladując opisane w dziełach autorów starożytnych dobre wzorce, a jej rozumienie pogłębić przez zapoznanie się z pismami filozofów. Po takim przygotowaniu młody człowiek może łatwiej zrozumieć tajemnice „pism świętych”, które zapoznają go z zasadami doskonałości chrześcijańskiej.
In his “Adress to the Young", Basil the Great encourages the addressees to use the pagan literature they learn at school to acquire virtue, which for Christians is the path to eternal life. The analysis of the work conducted in the article aims to answer the question of how the author understands the concept of virtue (arete) and how it should be acquired. According to Basil, the essence of virtue is the dominion of reason, which is the supreme power of the soul, over the irrational drives of the body. Therefore, the concept of virtue presented in the work is ascetic (limiting the needs of the body), ethical (shaping character) and intellectual (acquiring knowledge and training the mind) in its nature. The foundations of virtue can be most easily acquired by imitating the good patterns described in the works of ancient authors, and its understanding can be deepened by familiarizing oneself with the writings of philosophers. After such preparation, the young person can more easily understand the mysteries of the "holy scriptures," which acquaint him with the principles of Christian perfection
2024 Polish Bibliography of the Christian Antiquity. With Additions from 2023
No full textCorocznie na łamach Vox Patrum jest publikowana bibliografia antyku chrześcijańskiego, która prezentuje dorobek polskich autorów z ubiegłego roku. Bibliografia jest uporządkowana według 13 kategorii tematycznych i według imion autorów antycznych, których dotyczą publikacje.
Every year, the journal Vox Patrum publishes a bibliography of Christian antiquity that presents the scholarly output of Polish authors from the previous year. The bibliography is organized into thirteen thematic categories and according to the names of the ancient authors to whom the publications refer